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The shaft is in two sections divided by a knop of flattened sherical form with a central ridge. The knop is of an openwork design of eight biting beasts, their tails ending in foliated scrolls. They are engraved with a scale pattern, except for a plain band on their back which is studded with three small turquoise pastes. The lower or socket part of the shaft is decorated with blue enamel with a foliated scroll pattern reserved in the metal. To it are attached three beasts (one missing) with their heads downwards and their tails curled above touching the lower part of the knop; the back of each is set with turquoise pastes.  The crook which springs from a collar of leaves, has a serrated outer edge, and is decorated with a scale pattern in blue enamel; it terminates in a serpent's head. The volute contains the winged figure of St Michael plunging a spear vertically through the back of the dragon. Its body is marked with scales except for a plain band running down either side which is studded with turquoise pastes, and its tail passes through the curl of the volute terminating in a spray of foliage fixed to the stem of the crosier."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"M.2-1924","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"M.2-1924"},{"priref":"139831","type":"priref","value":"139831"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/139831","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/139831"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by the Rt. Hon. F. 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During the Middle Ages, this was one of the most popular themes for the decoration of the volutes on croziers (from the Latin crocia, a crook), because it symbolised the bishop\u2019s duty to eradicate sin from his diocese, and to protect his flock from evil. Some fifty-eight croziers ornamented with this subject have been recorded, out of which about thirty are of this type, with a volute terminating in a serpent\u2019s head, and inside the volute, a two-legged dragon being attacked with a staff by St Michael. The croziers were made over a long period. One was found in the tomb of Pelahyo de Cebeyra, Bishop of Mondo\u00f1edo (d. 1217), now in the the Museo Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, and another in the tomb of Bishop Jean II de la Cour d\u2019Aubergenville (d. 1256) in \u00c9vreux Cathedral. They appear to have been passed down with other ecclesiastical objects, and some were buried in the tombs of clerics buried long after their presumed date of manufacture. An example was found in a mid-fifteenth century Bishop\u2019s tomb in Notre Dame in Paris."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-125334","uid":"adlib-term-125334","uuid":"b818e9ff-b105-37c5-86a1-a24db946c00f"},"summary_title":"13th Century, first half"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10603","uid":"adlib-term-10603","uuid":"09088083-a78d-3d70-9f4f-343b5c3283d7"},"summary_title":"Medieval"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15498","uid":"adlib-term-15498","uuid":"61725bf5-360f-3837-8aab-3c90b956a537"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Haute Vienne"}],"summary_title":"Haute 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H. 18.4 cm.","page":"158","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6311","uid":"adlib-publication-6311","uuid":"91d2ec3f-376a-37a7-b4d2-73fcb919f25e"},"summary_title":"The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Medieval Scultures and Works of Art"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 98, fig. 2.40","page":"98","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6368","uid":"adlib-publication-6368","uuid":"9c344200-cd9c-3b07-ac5e-06c969ee810c"},"summary_title":"I Turned It Into a Palace, Sydney Cockerell and the Fitzwilliam Museum"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6309","uid":"adlib-publication-6309","uuid":"b1a94906-ef6a-3e82-bbe0-c69eea7ded21"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of Pastoral Staves"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 74-5, no. 9, and pl. 9, a crozier with St Michael and the Dragon; different decoration on shaft","page":"74-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6121","uid":"adlib-publication-6121","uuid":"edb2cc2b-550b-3473-bce4-a7a6664c85a0"},"summary_title":"Smalti-Avori del Museo d'Arte Antica"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref.  Cited p. 46. Bilimoff identified thirty Limoges crosiers of this type.","page":"37-51","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002228","uid":"adlib-publication-200002228","uuid":"a536dc9a-51a8-36bc-81e9-8cc6f2e72d72"},"summary_title":"Saint Michel dans les crosses limousines, styles et chronologie"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Blair discusses the career of the restorer F\u00e9lix Joubert, described by J.H. Duveen as the 'Chelsea Wizard'. He collected and restored armour, weapons, and enamels, and also practiced as a sculptor, decorative painter, cabinetmaker, and designer.","page":"165-8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003261","uid":"adlib-publication-200003261","uuid":"58004fae-c935-3dfa-a460-28d9bdde9a92"},"summary_title":"Crediton: the Story of Two Helmets"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6310","uid":"adlib-publication-6310","uuid":"6bc09acb-83e9-3889-af97-3241c348dcd8"},"summary_title":"L'Oeuvre de Limoges, Emaux limousins du Moyen Age"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 36-8 and p. 45, no. 2. A crozier head with the dragon's wing still in position, excavated in 1929 at the cathedral of Lescar, in the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9ese-Atlantique is dated to c. 1220-1230.","page":"36-8 and 45","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8897","uid":"adlib-publication-8897","uuid":"4d762994-6219-3aa4-a019-de2aa8e41394"},"summary_title":"La crosse et l'anneau, \u00e9clats m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux du tr\u00e9sor de Lescar"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 46-49, no. 8, a bishop's crosier showing St Michael and the Dragon, dated to c. 1220-1240. This is an addition to the list made by Bilimoff in 1979. The Fitzwilliam's example is cited on p. 46 and 48.","page":"46-49","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8911","uid":"adlib-publication-8911","uuid":"432e26e6-d8c7-3413-83c1-a9c57a7ed276"},"summary_title":"The Neutelings Collection. 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