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Glaisher"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-122641","uid":"adlib-term-122641","uuid":"d5fb75d8-097d-3fd7-8e70-87e9d96d77f7"},"summary_title":"glazing"}}]},{"name":"Parts","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"earthenware, moulded and modelled, lead glazed and painted with polychrome enamels."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-111179","uid":"adlib-term-111179","uuid":"be5c887b-c0ed-3d89-82b2-c3a870e72a68"},"summary_title":"moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-121246","uid":"adlib-term-121246","uuid":"cd0cb1a4-68fa-396e-a2f5-856490890cd3"},"summary_title":"modelling"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-24306","uid":"adlib-term-24306","uuid":"baea8705-187b-3229-a6f9-73c5ef1a1de4"},"summary_title":"entertaining"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware figure group, moulded and modelled, lead glazed and painted with polychrome enamels."},{"value":"Stafforshire table-base group representing Polito\u2019s Menagerie. The table base has four feet  and two central props; it is painted brown, with relief polychrome garlands all around. A yellow booth stands on it; there are lamps and gathered curtains along the front of the roof and the top of a grey flight of steps centre front. To the left are a monkey seated on a barrel organ: a trumpeter, who also winds the organ: and a woman in a feathered hat. To the right are two trumpeters in long and a drummer. Above the booth is a tall fa\u00e7ade with an elephant with a castle on its back, framed by a tiger, two monkeys in trees, and a lion, all moulded in relief. The fa\u00e7ade is edged by a ribbon with the impressed inscription:  \u2018POLITOS \/ MENAGERIE OF THE MOST WONDERFUL BURDS AND BEASTS FROM MOST PART OF THE WORLD, LION etc.\u2019. The back is flat, with four vent holes just above the table-base and a concave curve to the top of the facade, all painted yellow; there are painted, relief trees on the sides. The underside is glazed but unpainted. Two figures, animals\/birds on top of the facade, steps at the front and a central lamp have been broken off."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.966-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.966-1928"},{"priref":"76466","type":"priref","value":"76466"},{"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume:  15","type":"old object number","value":"3514"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76466","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76466"}],"inscription":[{"type":"no visible mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"rectangular paper label handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"No. 3514. Staffordshire group of Polito\u2019s Menagerie b. in  London Sept 20 1911."}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928-12-07"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1825,"from":{"earliest":1825,"era":["CE"],"latest":1825,"precision":"circa","value":"1825"},"latest":1830,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1830,"era":["CE"],"latest":1830,"precision":"circa","value":"1830"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188632","uid":"adlib-agent-188632","uuid":"b379bf0c-f1b7-35d3-89f0-cbc229ee14ff"},"summary_title":"Unidentified Pottery"}],"note":[{"value":"Earthenware figure groups were popular from around 1810, although the earliest examples date from nearly a century earlier. A cheaper alternative to porcelain figures, they were often produced by small potteries; very few are marked. Classical or literary subjects were frequently copied from porcelain examples, but potters increasingly turned to scenes from everyday life and topical events. Early groups are often complex, with modelled and moulded parts, applied decoration and partially decorated backs. As demand increased, processes were streamlined for mass production and by c.1835 three-part press-moulding had largely replaced  earlier methods. Table-base groups, on four or six short legs, were made from c.1825-35; probably by just a few makers. They have in the past been attributed to Obadaiah Sherratt of Burslem, but without clear evidence. The large number of modelled figures here suggests a late 1920s date."},{"value":"Pottery models of Wombwell\u2019s and Polito\u2019s Menageries were equally popular, and there are a number of surviving examples. Versions on different table or other bases suggest they were made by several potters and sometimes the figures seem to have been made by different potters and\/or moulds shared between potteries, perhaps to save costs.  Figures of individual menagerie animals were also common."},{"value":"Travelling menageries were popular in England from the late 18th Century. Exotic animals, such as lions and elephants had previously only been seen in aristocratic collections; now menageries took them out to the general public. From c.1830s, with the addition of animal tamers\u2019 tricks, brass bands and human performers, the shows evolved into what we now know as circus. Stephani Polito bought the Exeter Change Menagerie, already established in London c.1810. He died in 1814, but Polito\u2019s Menagerie continued until c.1836. George Wombwell started his first menagerie c.1807 and by 1839 Wombwell\u2019s Menagerie included 15 wagons of animals; by 1850 there were three shows touring; the business continued until 1884."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120816","uid":"adlib-term-120816","uuid":"b8c35cb6-f02f-34c9-9dda-b3120e12c749"},"summary_title":"19th Century, second quarter"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107658","uid":"adlib-term-107658","uuid":"824d3ecf-92c1-33aa-8d45-2f0239317270"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Staffordshire"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"31"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"35"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47807","uid":"adlib-media-47807","uuid":"f8a8d064-06d7-3f06-a8b2-1df59f8cf626"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47808","uid":"adlib-media-47808","uuid":"870f882b-68b6-3f85-a1f7-9eb49d777f01"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134396","uid":"adlib-term-134396","uuid":"238a8c79-c8ce-3ed9-9d80-3a938ba82083"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire figure group (early)"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134395","uid":"adlib-term-134395","uuid":"6496499c-d144-363b-8111-4f8084f131f8"},"summary_title":"table base group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130680","uid":"adlib-term-130680","uuid":"4af9103f-c84b-3698-8764-bdecfcb876ec"},"summary_title":"flat-backed figure group"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Bought from Mr E. W. Giles of Fulham on 20 September 1911, for \u00a39.10s (nine pounds ten shillings) by Dr. J.W.L. Glaisher, FRS, Trinity College, Cambridge"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-76456","uid":"adlib-object-76456","uuid":"bc3e93ac-fe41-3f65-93aa-3e5fab7b0448"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},"summary_title":"figure group"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-76465","uid":"adlib-object-76465","uuid":"0c4fcc1e-49c1-3b1b-ac0e-be26d359489b"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},"summary_title":"figure group"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Vol. l, p. 126, no. 966","page":"126","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1031","uid":"adlib-publication-1031","uuid":"a5cc6cb3-2b6f-390a-af51-7e9d123e55ed"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Glaisher Collection of Pottery and Porcelain in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Plates 67-70 and b\/w images, various versions of Polito\u2019s and Wombwell\u2019s Menageries, on different bases, c.1825-35.","page":"261-275","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6492","uid":"adlib-publication-6492","uuid":"8f7a7c8d-d834-39c7-aba5-eddaaff4dd0c"},"summary_title":"English Earthenware Figures 1740-1840"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Polito\u2019s and Wombwell\u2019s Menageries and other relevant images in a Chapter on Staffordshire Figure Menageries which includes quote from Lord Byron\u2019s diary. Also re circus and performing animal figures.","page":"100-115","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5796","uid":"adlib-publication-5796","uuid":"f53034c1-658f-3808-ae92-bf4b4c428367"},"summary_title":"People, Passions, Pastimes, and Pleasures, Staffordshire Figures 1810-1835"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 130-1, lot 227, a group with a different base and retaining the figures on the extreme left and right missing from the Fitzwilliam's example. Estimate $8,000-12,000.","page":"130-1","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5791","uid":"adlib-publication-5791","uuid":"31c0840d-e63d-3ffb-a201-a74d0241f0d2"},"summary_title":"Property from the Collection of Josephine & Walter Buhl Ford II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Plate 73, Polito\u2019s Menagerie, on a marbled table-base. Notes that Mr & Mrs Polito died 1814 and Mr Wombwell 1850.","page":"92","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7215","uid":"adlib-publication-7215","uuid":"5a432fe5-59b0-3aa3-80ff-60e8c20dd302"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Chimney Ornaments"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-992","uid":"adlib-publication-992","uuid":"e26b9de8-5607-3d6e-82c1-bba7d8cb57c4"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. for menageries including Polito's and Wombwell's","page":"103-17","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003135","uid":"adlib-publication-200003135","uuid":"74428ebf-9d0f-3cf6-be56-8d84ed5d97c2"},"summary_title":"Elephants, Education and Entertainment. 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