15929705770001312637261000Standard Recordobject-139831170905693028416782699090001709056916824fitz-onlineadlib-object-139831https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/139831a8872ccd-b200-35d5-bf80-1d35855af40315referenceagent-181576adlib-agent-181576ca99da2c-9767-3d8b-9a2b-c3d52caf8189Chandon de Briailles, Countesspersonreferenceagent-149979adlib-agent-1499796dc5c6bc-c35c-392c-97e7-bf4726ec3006St Michaelreferenceterm-107563adlib-term-10756338dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ffenamelsturquoisereferenceterm-39699adlib-term-3969908affb9a-2365-37a4-b11d-a2790cc1d570paste (glass)referenceterm-32638adlib-term-3263897b8d1a5-7b8f-3a2a-a275-7d001aeaae2benamelreferenceterm-39593adlib-term-39593e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312dgoldDecorationcopper, champlevé, engraved, chased, enamelled and giltreferenceterm-29641adlib-term-296412cca4338-6a77-3f63-9174-0a137a118930chasingreferenceterm-121144adlib-term-121144b3476a15-2afb-3808-b97e-70c4ade94c8echamplevé enamellingreferenceterm-28681adlib-term-28681c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559gildingreferenceterm-29409adlib-term-29409f1f4145c-3fc8-365a-9df5-c7f7131d3bc2engravingHeightcm35.8Whole On Standreferenceterm-23385adlib-term-233854c17df77-7d4e-32bf-8ec9-921b71d218a2religionApplied Artscopper, champlevé, engraved, chased, enamelled and gilt, the volute terminating in a serpent's head, and having a two-legged dragon inside it being attacked with a staff by St MichaelCopper, champlevé, engraved, chased, enamelled, and gilded. The shaft is in two sections divided by a knop of flattened sherical form with a central ridge. The knop is of an openwork design of eight biting beasts, their tails ending in foliated scrolls. They are engraved with a scale pattern, except for a plain band on their back which is studded with three small turquoise pastes. The lower or socket part of the shaft is decorated with blue enamel with a foliated scroll pattern reserved in the metal. To it are attached three beasts (one missing) with their heads downwards and their tails curled above touching the lower part of the knop; the back of each is set with turquoise pastes. The crook which springs from a collar of leaves, has a serrated outer edge, and is decorated with a scale pattern in blue enamel; it terminates in a serpent's head. The volute contains the winged figure of St Michael plunging a spear vertically through the back of the dragon. Its body is marked with scales except for a plain band running down either side which is studded with turquoise pastes, and its tail passes through the curl of the volute terminating in a spray of foliage fixed to the stem of the crosier.M.2-19241accession numberM.2-1924139831priref139831urihttps://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/139831https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/139831referenceagent-149638adlib-agent-1496387376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8The Fitzwilliam MuseumGiven by the Rt. Hon. F. Leverton-Harrisreferenceagent-151483adlib-agent-15148326fbb332-a159-3961-80ad-ff1bd1a618c2Harris, Frederick Leverton192419241924-06-20given12201220CE1220circa1220124011240CE12401240workshopreferenceagent-149652adlib-agent-1496520d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98UnknownThe Book of Revelation 12:7-9 (the final Book in the Christian Bible) tells how the archangel Michael and his angels defeated the dragon, alias Satan, in battle. Satan and his angels were then cast out of heaven. During the Middle Ages, this was one of the most popular themes for the decoration of the volutes on croziers (from the Latin crocia, a crook), because it symbolised the bishop’s duty to eradicate sin from his diocese, and to protect his flock from evil. Some fifty-eight croziers ornamented with this subject have been recorded, out of which about thirty are of this type, with a volute terminating in a serpent’s head, and inside the volute, a two-legged dragon being attacked with a staff by St Michael. The croziers were made over a long period. One was found in the tomb of Pelahyo de Cebeyra, Bishop of Mondoñedo (d. 1217), now in the the Museo Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, and another in the tomb of Bishop Jean II de la Cour d’Aubergenville (d. 1256) in Évreux Cathedral. They appear to have been passed down with other ecclesiastical objects, and some were buried in the tombs of clerics buried long after their presumed date of manufacture. An example was found in a mid-fifteenth century Bishop’s tomb in Notre Dame in Paris.referenceterm-125334adlib-term-125334b818e9ff-b105-37c5-86a1-a24db946c00f13th Century, first halfreferenceterm-10603adlib-term-1060309088083-a78d-3d70-9f4f-343b5c3283d7Medievalreferenceterm-15498adlib-term-1549861725bf5-360f-3837-8aab-3c90b956a537literalFranceFrancecountryliteralHaute VienneHaute VienneregionLimogesreferenceterm-39588adlib-term-39588b17ff981-06b2-30a2-b9a9-b514fe84a191copperreferencemedia-115278adlib-media-1152789796db2d-9743-3f66-9228-795e3b10a5ffjpegaa/aa20/M_2_1924.jpg1heightpixels760widthpixels53816606728257721imagejpegaa/aa20/mid_M_2_1924.jpg1heightpixels706widthpixels50016606728257721imagejpegaa/aa20/M_2_1924.jpg1heightpixels760widthpixels53816606728257721imagejpegaa/aa20/preview_M_2_1924.jpg1heightpixels353widthpixels25016606728257721image0media
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imagereferenceterm-125335adlib-term-125335dc9e3d14-d70e-31b9-b228-75cb1a71e74aCrozier headobject namereferenceterm-123146adlib-term-1231466df95f4b-c04f-39e4-8f0c-99bc1b18c8b5champlevé enamelscategoryhistory noteCountess Chandon de Briailles; purchased from Félix Joubert (1872–1953), Chelseareferenceagent-149638adlib-agent-1496387376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8The Fitzwilliam MuseumPubl. p. 284, no. 148284referencepublication-6308adlib-publication-63088646bb74-23de-33c1-a771-41c1851399b7Les Crosses limousines du XIIIe sièclePubl. p. 10, and pl. XVII.10referencepublication-1569adlib-publication-15694825b83f-3a92-3c6d-b58b-2686ea0509e0The Leverton Harris CollectionPubl. p. 158, fig. 1, under pp. 158-9, no. 33, a comparable corzier head, dated to the second quarter of the 13th century. H. 18.4 cm.158referencepublication-6311adlib-publication-631191d2ec3f-376a-37a7-b4d2-73fcb919f25eThe Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Medieval Scultures and Works of ArtPubl. p. 98, fig. 2.4098referencepublication-6368adlib-publication-63689c344200-cd9c-3b07-ac5e-06c969ee810cI Turned It Into a Palace, Sydney Cockerell and the Fitzwilliam Museumreferencepublication-6309adlib-publication-6309b1a94906-ef6a-3e82-bbe0-c69eea7ded21Catalogue of Pastoral StavesCf. pp. 74-5, no. 9, and pl. 9, a crozier with St Michael and the Dragon; different decoration on shaft74-5referencepublication-6121adlib-publication-6121edb2cc2b-550b-3473-bce4-a7a6664c85a0Smalti-Avori del Museo d'Arte AnticaRef. Cited p. 46. Bilimoff identified thirty Limoges crosiers of this type.37-51referencepublication-200002228adlib-publication-200002228a536dc9a-51a8-36bc-81e9-8cc6f2e72d72Saint Michel dans les crosses limousines, styles et chronologieRef. Blair discusses the career of the restorer Félix Joubert, described by J.H. Duveen as the 'Chelsea Wizard'. He collected and restored armour, weapons, and enamels, and also practiced as a sculptor, decorative painter, cabinetmaker, and designer.165-8referencepublication-200003261adlib-publication-20000326158004fae-c935-3dfa-a460-28d9bdde9a92Crediton: the Story of Two Helmetsreferencepublication-6310adlib-publication-63106bc09acb-83e9-3889-af97-3241c348dcd8L'Oeuvre de Limoges, Emaux limousins du Moyen AgeCf. pp. 36-8 and p. 45, no. 2. A crozier head with the dragon's wing still in position, excavated in 1929 at the cathedral of Lescar, in the Pyrénéese-Atlantique is dated to c. 1220-1230.36-8 and 45referencepublication-8897adlib-publication-88974d762994-6219-3aa4-a019-de2aa8e41394La crosse et l'anneau, éclats médiévaux du trésor de LescarCf. pp. 46-49, no. 8, a bishop's crosier showing St Michael and the Dragon, dated to c. 1220-1240. This is an addition to the list made by Bilimoff in 1979. The Fitzwilliam's example is cited on p. 46 and 48.46-49referencepublication-8911adlib-publication-8911432e26e6-d8c7-3413-83c1-a9c57a7ed276The Neutelings Collection. Four centuries of medieval sculptureanimalreferenceterm-107785adlib-term-107785c70edf96-a6e9-39b0-99bb-d97be0cef893dragonanimalreferenceterm-92358adlib-term-9235868999a62-b2c3-39f5-886e-c0510807c0c2serpentactivityreferenceterm-108431adlib-term-10843180611b07-5219-3749-86ef-73c31b1984b8killingliteraldragondragonliteralserpentserpentliteralkillingkillingreferenceterm-125335adlib-term-125335dc9e3d14-d70e-31b9-b228-75cb1a71e74aCrozier headCrozier headSt Michael and the Dragonobject
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