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He and his allies soon threatened to remove the Sudan entirely from the Khedive's control. Several serious defeats of Egyptian forces in 1884 led to a concerted British campaign in defence of Egyptian claims, but control could not be recovered. The British withdrew their forces to Egypt and to Khartoum, where General Gordon defended the city whilst awaiting a relief column that, beset by Mahdist attacks, arrived too late.\nAfter this disaster Suakim, on the Red Sea, remained the last British bridgehead in Sudan, and was subject to a number of sieges. The Suakin Field Force, formed to defend this outpost, were repeatedly engaged by Mahdist troops without much conclusion beyond heavy casualties to either side, until the eventual complete British withdrawal in 1890.\nThe bars on this medal indicate participation in four such engagements, of which several were extremely small. It was awarded to E. H. 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The Watson Collection includes another medal of his; Lester Watson acquired this one at some point before 1928."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"CM.1221-2009","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"CM.1221-2009"},{"priref":"141315","type":"priref","value":"141315"},{"type":"Watson Catalogue","value":"115"},{"type":"ordering","value":"M-0104"},{"type":"previous object number","value":"LW.0104"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141315","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141315"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Bust of Victoria facing left with veil"}],"location":"obverse","transcription":[{"value":"VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX"}],"type":"design"},{"description":[{"value":"Sphynx on pedestal facing 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