1592970669000 1312637261000 Standard Record object-156459 1755194558792 1711458894000 1755194515997 adlib fitz-online adlib-object-156459 https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/156459 4b747f33-7b62-32e1-bd49-e033aad91d72 9 reference agent-207554 adlib-agent-207554 baf3f648-050b-3d31-8502-940897b38eea Spencer-Churchill, John, 7th Duke of Marlborough (1822–1883) person reference agent-149696 adlib-agent-149696 c1d7b5bf-63d4-3ba4-a080-9810b80bf16c Christ person reference agent-154123 adlib-agent-154123 2fef3fa1-e550-35f4-b4de-2ced0eb2272a Virgin Mary person reference agent-179463 adlib-agent-179463 9ffb6937-b0fb-3266-b482-edebcfa4e0a6 Mary Magadalene person reference agent-153247 adlib-agent-153247 363ad1b4-deb4-39c5-b401-49f5079f98bb St John person reference agent-179462 adlib-agent-179462 51372307-6119-3f52-b215-bf73405afcc4 St Longinus person reference agent-179464 adlib-agent-179464 863ecf33-2ced-3680-b7b3-44d12b93815e St Disma reference term-107563 adlib-term-107563 38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff enamels reference term-125750 adlib-term-125750 2b10ac09-63c3-34ed-87d5-487058c1c344 Limoges painted enamels reference term-117089 adlib-term-117089 70d59fbc-64f7-304e-a336-bf6d65a433a8 Louis C. G. Clarke reference term-107470 adlib-term-107470 f6217ee1-61ca-3c57-92a1-dd13e97bc77c gilt-metal Width cm 22.4 Frame reference term-121155 adlib-term-121155 b898c0dc-7140-33c8-981b-6801b109c452 casting reference term-28681 adlib-term-28681 c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559 gilding reference term-32638 adlib-term-32638 97b8d1a5-7b8f-3a2a-a275-7d001aeaae2b enamel reference term-39593 adlib-term-39593 e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d gold Decoration rectangular slightly convex copper plaque, enamelled in bright blue, dark blue, turquoise, green, yellow, tan-brown, mulberry, purple grey, black, and white, and gilded. The reverse has clear counter-enamel with slight cloudiness here and there,over scratched criss-crossed lines and small groups of horizontal lines. reference term-28662 adlib-term-28662 dd47e505-ccda-3f2b-b576-6104109430e8 enamelling reference term-28681 adlib-term-28681 c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559 gilding reference term-39588 adlib-term-39588 b17ff981-06b2-30a2-b9a9-b514fe84a191 copper Height cm 24.4 Width cm 20.4 Plaque Height cm 26.4 Frame At Side Height cm 28.4 Frame At Centre reference term-108432 adlib-term-108432 a486efc4-a304-3aa3-93bd-528fc7ebaff4 New Testament Applied Arts Copper enamelled in polychrome and gilded. The Crucifixion, signed ‘LEONARDVS/ LEMOVICVS/.1536’. Rectangular slightly convex copper plaque, enamelled in bright blue, dark blue, turquoise, green, yellow, tan-brown, mulberry, purple grey, black, and white, and gilded. The reverse has clear counter-enamel with slight cloudiness here and there, over scratched criss-crossed lines and small groups of horizontal lines. Christ hangs on the Cross with a titulus inscribed ‘INRI’ in black. Blood streams from his wounds, and he wears a green crown of thorns, and a white loin cloth which billows out on either side of the Cross. Above there are four cherubs' heads, and, on the left the sun, and on the right, the crescent moon with a face. Lower down on each side there is a group of three cherubs' heads amid clouds. The blue sky is scattered with tiny gold stars. The repentant sinner, St Disma, hangs peacefully on a cross on the left. His soul is shown above his cross as a small nude figure being lifted to heaven by two angels. The urepentant sinner hangs contortedly on a rustic cross on the right. His soul is shown above being seized by a green devil. On each side of the Cross, there is a crowd with three horsemen on the left and two on the right. One on the left, St Longinus, spears Christ’s side, and another holds a billowing flag. On the extreme left is a man holds a standard with a helmet below, and, on a panel beneath it, the date ‘1536’ in black. Closer to the Cross a youth holding a pole with a panel inscribed ‘.VENI’. On the right of the Cross a man holds a pole with a tabella ansata initialled ‘LL.’. St Mary Magdalene kneels at the foot of the Cross which has a skull on the grass in front of it. In the left foreground, the swooning Virgin Mary is supported by Mary (the mother of James?) and St John. In the foreground to right are three men fighting over Christ’s garment, and in the lower right corner, two playing cards, and three dice on the ground. A panel at bottom centre, is signed ‘LEONARDVS/ LEMOVICVS/.1536’.In the landscape background there are is a large dark blue town or palace, a column of soldiers, and on the right, bushy turquoise trees. Gilding is used to outline and shade the costume, for the poles and standards, and the graining on the wood of the central Cross. The cast gilt-metal alloy frame, is decorated with acanthus leaves alternating with circular cabochon-like motifs, and has at top centre two winged putti holding a coronet over a ducal crown (?). The panel is held in position on the back by flat copper strips soldered to the frame. reference exhibition-1987 adlib-exhibition-1987 d4014c64-96ea-3161-bdd4-781601f731a8 Catalogue of the Special Loan Exhibition of Enamels on Metal M.112-1961 1 accession number M.112-1961 156459 priref 156459 uri https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/156459 https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/156459 on front painted in black LEONARDVS/ LEMOVICVS/.1536 signature on front, on pole with a tabella ansata painted in black LL initials on Cross painted in black INRI inscription rectangular paper label printed in the centre with '1' on back printed in black 1 label reference agent-149638 adlib-agent-149638 7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8 The Fitzwilliam Museum Louis.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960 reference agent-149875 adlib-agent-149875 89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16 Clarke, Louis Colville Gray 1961 1961 1961-04-27 bequeathed bequeathed 1960 1536 CE 1536 the frame is probably pre 1862 dated 1536 probably maker reference agent-79998 adlib-agent-79998 8b231843-3ad1-36a8-8be1-daf567af41ae Limosin, Léonard The Crucifixion was one of the subjects most frequently depicted on Limoges enamels in the first half of the sixteenth century. Here the scene includes persons mentioned in the Gospels - the Virgin Mary, St John and Mary Magdelene - with St Longinus, who by tradition was the soldier who pierced the crucified Christ’s side with his lance. The scene has a rather agitated character produced by crowds of small figures and horses around the Cross, which is very different from Léonard Limosin's later plaques of religious or mythological subjects. In 1986 Madeleine Marcheix, when discussing his oval Crucifixion plaque of 1556, in the Musée de l'Évêché, Limoges (inv. 857-4426) accepted this plaque as characteristic of his work during the period 1535-40, before he adopted a more overtly Mannerist style. Details of this Crucifixion, such as the treatment of the trees, and grasses in the foreground, and the intense, almost scowling facial expressions with a dark pupil to the eye close to the nose on some figures, can be compared with those on two plaques decorated with scenes from the life of St Anthony in the British Museum, which bear the arms of Jean de Langeac, bishop of Limoges, and are initialled and dated 1536 (1913,1220.28 and 1922,0707.1). Léonard Limosin was to become enameller to Francis I in the late 1540s, and his brilliant portrait plaques, and other enamels became highly sought after by collectors in the nineteenth century. The existence of four or five almost similar Crucifixion plaques either initialled or signed and dated 1535 and or 1536 raised doubts about their authenticity. (see the bibliography for references to these) However, ion beam analysis of the composition of this plaque's enamels in 2012 indicated that their elements and impurities are closely comparable to those used on other sixteenth-century enamels. The plaque's provenance also supports an early date. The production of pastiches of Renaissance enamels was already rife when the plaque was recorded in the Duchess of Marlborough's sitting room at Blenheim in 1862, but it was almost certainly one of a collection of over sixty enamels given to the 4th Duke and Duchess of Marlborough in 1793 by a Mr Samuel Spalding, before the revival of interest in enamelling techniques in the 1820s and 1830s. reference term-120009 adlib-term-120009 690a6332-cfc1-3411-a716-4dd4ec7d9a65 16th Century, second quarter reference term-15498 adlib-term-15498 61725bf5-360f-3837-8aab-3c90b956a537 literal France France country literal Haute Vienne Haute Vienne region Limoges reference media-136183 adlib-media-136183 b8b28d92-1c79-3425-9016-d6b51c073287 jpeg aa/aa20/M_112_1961_20_281_29.jpg 1 height pixels 760 width pixels 622 1616274312887 1 image jpeg aa/aa20/mid_M_112_1961_20_281_29.jpg 1 height pixels 611 width pixels 500 1616274312887 1 image jpeg aa/aa20/M_112_1961_20_281_29.jpg 1 height pixels 760 width pixels 622 1616274312887 1 image jpeg aa/aa20/preview_M_112_1961_20_281_29.jpg 1 height pixels 305 width pixels 250 1616274312887 1 image 0 media image reference media-136184 adlib-media-136184 85bb1d68-a5b1-3a56-ae31-43669d734734 jpeg aa/aa20/M_112_1961_20_282_29.jpg 1 height pixels 760 width pixels 601 1616264208466 1 image jpeg aa/aa20/mid_M_112_1961_20_282_29.jpg 1 height pixels 632 width pixels 500 1616264208466 1 image jpeg aa/aa20/M_112_1961_20_282_29.jpg 1 height pixels 760 width pixels 601 1616264208466 1 image jpeg aa/aa20/preview_M_112_1961_20_282_29.jpg 1 height pixels 316 width pixels 250 1616264208466 1 image 1 media image reference media-3746578074 portfolio portfolio-media-3746578074 b2366e0f-6f78-342e-ba8b-f864453737d0 jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/41/large_M_112_1961_1_200801_mf22_mas.jpg 1 height pixels 1496 width pixels 1024 1529370517000 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/41/mid_M_112_1961_1_200801_mf22_mas.jpg 1 height pixels 731 width pixels 500 1529370517000 1 image M.112-1961_1_200801_mf22_mas.tif 1529370517000 1 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/41/preview_M_112_1961_1_200801_mf22_mas.jpg 1 height pixels 365 width pixels 250 1529370517000 1 image pyramid tiff portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/41/M_112_1961_1_200801_mf22_mas.ptif 1 height pixels 4863 width pixels 3328 1529370517000 1 image 2 media image reference media-3913378436 portfolio portfolio-media-3913378436 aa80701c-7071-3afe-ad87-c05cc8c2eb23 jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/45/large_M_112_1961_2_200801_mf22_mas.jpg 1 height pixels 1536 width pixels 1024 1529370524000 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/45/mid_M_112_1961_2_200801_mf22_mas.jpg 1 height pixels 750 width pixels 500 1529370524000 1 image M.112-1961_2_200801_mf22_mas.tif 1529370524000 1 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/45/preview_M_112_1961_2_200801_mf22_mas.jpg 1 height pixels 375 width pixels 250 1529370524000 1 image pyramid tiff portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/505/45/M_112_1961_2_200801_mf22_mas.ptif 1 height pixels 4992 width pixels 3328 1529370524000 1 image 3 media image reference media-4131685834 portfolio portfolio-media-4131685834 b378373b-21b8-3e8e-a996-f5ed2cd0d875 jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/627/18/large_M_112_1961_1_200801_mfj22_dc1.jpg 1 height pixels 1218 width pixels 1024 1550048804000 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/627/18/mid_M_112_1961_1_200801_mfj22_dc1.jpg 1 height pixels 595 width pixels 500 1550048804000 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/627/18/M_112_1961_1_200801_mfj22_dc1.jpg 1 height pixels 3565 width pixels 2998 1550048804000 1 image jpeg portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/627/18/preview_M_112_1961_1_200801_mfj22_dc1.jpg 1 height pixels 297 width pixels 250 1550048804000 1 image pyramid tiff portfolio/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C/627/18/M_112_1961_1_200801_mfj22_dc1.ptif 1 height pixels 3565 width pixels 2998 1550048804000 1 image 4 media image reference term-107484 adlib-term-107484 935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd plaque history note Probably Mr Spalding by whom presented to George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough in 1793; if not, before 1862, John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough(1822-1883); offered for sale Christie’s, 14 June 1883, Catalogue of the choice collection of Limoges enamels, from Blenheim Palace; comprising upwards of eighty specimens including works of Susanne de Court, Jean Courtois, J. Laudin, F. Limousin, L. Limousin, J. Penicaud, P. Reymond, and other celebrated artists; also a beautiful old Sèvres table, p. 12, lot 58; unsold at £310; uncertain; Louis C.G. Clarke, MA, LL.D., Cambridge. reference agent-149638 adlib-agent-149638 7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8 The Fitzwilliam Museum Publ. Part II, p. 118, the enamel is described among those in the Duchess's Sitting Room, in a glass case opposite to the fireplace 118 reference publication-7009 adlib-publication-7009 e8db0a18-1d96-398c-9fe2-2e0762ce7a6c Catalogue Raisonné: or, a List of the Pictures in Blenheim Palace; with Occasional Remarks and Illustrative Notes, Part I and Part II Publ. p. 61, lent by the Duke of Marlborough 61 reference publication-6194 adlib-publication-6194 7d8edc6b-459b-3eb8-84c9-8b43101b820c Catalogue of the Special Loan Exhibition of Enamels on Metal held at the South Kensington Museum London in 1874 Publ. p. 12, lot 58 12 reference publication-6193 adlib-publication-6193 313ce2bd-bd00-35c7-8ced-bebd18b6a6f6 Catalogue of the choice collection of Limoges enamels, from Blenheim Palace; comprising upwards of eighty specimens including works of Susanne de Court, Jean Courtois, J. Laudin, F. Limousin, L. Limousin, J. Penicaud, P. Reymond, and other celebrated artists; also a beautiful old Sèvres table Publ. p. 266, fig. 3, and text p. 265-6 and note 5 on p. 267 giving the provenance. The author cites comparable plaques. 264-7 reference publication-200002192 adlib-publication-200002192 1325b63e-b35a-3f32-849c-0c40b5cf8867 Limoges. Musée muncipal, Une Crucifixion de Léonard Limosin Cf. pl. on p. 151, and p. 152 146-52 reference publication-200002663 adlib-publication-200002663 363ea3aa-cd77-3d7f-ad2c-fcd955464372 Zur Auktion der Sammlung M. V. Nemes, II Die Plastik und das Kunstgewerbe reference publication-7010 adlib-publication-7010 0e8edd8f-c41c-3e74-b846-680b65e5c057 Sammlung Marczell von Nemes, 2 Textilien, Skulpturen, Kunstgewerbe reference publication-5572 adlib-publication-5572 aaa9403c-e139-3848-9091-2bfcfdfd803f Enamels the XII to the XVI Century, a special exhibition at The Martin d’Arcy Gallery of Art Cf. p. 59, no. 81 a Crucifixion, initialled LL, and dated 1535 and 1536, dimensions 24.8 x 21.3 cm, Inv. no. 31.106 59 reference publication-8955 adlib-publication-8955 dfc96c56-fd4a-31b1-8a5f-10973f773354 The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. A Handbook of the Collection reference term-10618 adlib-term-10618 9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136 Renaissance reference term-102735 adlib-term-102735 9ffebc71-0d53-3435-b13f-9ab850955082 prayer named event reference term-108603 adlib-term-108603 b2e061d9-c8c1-3f1a-81f1-473920658929 The Crucifixion animal reference term-118890 adlib-term-118890 ea7c42bb-5706-36b1-b276-500b1ad2f9ed horse literal The Crucifixion The Crucifixion literal horse horse

reference term-107484 adlib-term-107484 935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd plaque

plaque object OBJECT