{"admin":{"added":1592997097000,"created":1320755055000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-185831","indexed":1755194567578,"modified":1711380196000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-185831","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/185831","uuid":"5684936e-2b77-349d-a6d6-af186597fb99","version":9},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188418","uid":"adlib-agent-188418","uuid":"28cfbfd5-1447-3550-a89c-74fc922d93f3"},"summary_title":"Rice, Thomas Dartmouth"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188417","uid":"adlib-agent-188417","uuid":"999ab032-adde-3e0f-bc50-918d2525144d"},"summary_title":"Crow, Jim"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"black, blue, red, pink, yellow and green"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-98112","uid":"adlib-term-98112","uuid":"32d115a4-d3ac-33b0-b126-2a3da0fdf139"},"summary_title":"portrait"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Lead-glazed eartheware figure painted in enamels and gilt"},{"date":[{"earliest":2011,"latest":2011,"value":"2011-11-29"}],"value":"White earthenware moulded in several parts. Painted in black, blue, red, pink, yellow and green enamels, and gilt. The underside is concave and glazed. The back is moulded and decorated, with a vent hole concealed under the figure's behind, 6.5 cm from the bottom."},{"value":"The square base is encircled by a thick gilt line. Thomas Dartmouth Rice is dancing, right hand raised to his bowler hat, left hand on his hip, supported by a short pillar. The figure is well coloured. He has a black face and hands and wears: a pink jacket, touched with black; a blue waistcoat; a white shirt; a red neckerchief; yellow knee-breeches, decorated with squares of green; a brown hat and black shoes. His jacket, waistcoat, breeches and hat are edged in gilt."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.4-2011","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.4-2011"},{"priref":"185831","type":"priref","value":"185831"},{"source":"The Fitzwilliam Museum","type":"entry form","value":"1050"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/185831","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/185831"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Rectangular paper label, handwritten in black script"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"\u2018T.D.Rice as \u201cJim Crow\u201d VR c1836 see paper in cabinet\u2019"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Gift of Ms Anne Stow"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188415","uid":"adlib-agent-188415","uuid":"c843886d-fca3-322a-8c4d-24e131885bef"},"summary_title":"Stow, Anne, Ms"}],"date":[{"earliest":2011,"latest":2011,"value":"2011"}],"method":{"value":"given"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1836,"from":{"earliest":1836,"era":["CE"],"latest":1836,"precision":"circa","value":"1836"},"latest":1845,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1845,"era":["CE"],"latest":1845,"precision":"circa","value":"1845"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188416","uid":"adlib-agent-188416","uuid":"8da4c02c-e280-3013-a4da-6e3d6d6efc70"},"summary_title":"Dudson"}],"note":[{"value":"This figure depicts the white American actor Thomas Dartmouth Rice (1808-60) in his most famous role, that of \u2018Jim Crow\u2019, supposedly an elderly black man. Rice performed blackface and drew on aspects of African American culture, most notably vernacular speech, music and dance. His \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 persona was appropriated from the folk stories of a trickster by the same name that had long been popular among enslaved black people. Rice also popularised a traditional slave song entitled \u2018Jump Jim Crow\u2019 (1828). However, his exaggerated and racist depiction of the character meant that the term \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 was later used to refer to a generalised negative and stereotypical view of black people and was applied to the segregation laws that became prevalent in the U.S.A between 1870s and 1960s. The source of this figure is an image of Rice\u2019s character that appears on the lithograph music cover of a song performed by Rice when he visited England, in 1836. \nThe modelling of this figure is the same as that of a \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 which has been identified as Dudson figure (Dudson and Morgan,2006). Surviving ledgers for the period 1840-42 indicate that the Dudson factory produced figures of \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 in at least two sizes, priced at twelve shillings, six shillings and ten shillings a dozen. It appears to have been the only named theatrical figure they made at the time. The Dudson factory was founded in 1800 and at this time operated in Hope Street, Hanley, making a wide range of products, including both porcelain and earthenware figures. The latter are notable for the high standard of their decoration.\nA very similar figure, though in different pose, was made by John and Rebecca Lloyd, who made both earthenware and porcelain figures at Shelton between 1834 and 1852. The figure, which has been found with an impressed Lloyd Shelton mark, seems to be based on the same music cover source."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120127","uid":"adlib-term-120127","uuid":"ee2ddbd4-503c-30f5-8cf9-3c2d121bd315"},"summary_title":"Victoria I"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110443","uid":"adlib-term-110443","uuid":"8e41da15-698e-303b-ac89-c241a4e52efc"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Hanley"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107611","uid":"adlib-term-107611","uuid":"790e5a19-a186-34d5-a16e-2d8dff9f6247"},"summary_title":"white earthenware"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"6"},{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"in","value":"2.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"16.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"in","value":"6.5"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"},"type":"category"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130674","uid":"adlib-term-130674","uuid":"2728ba11-801b-318a-8f24-c6f4b99f08e3"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire figure"},"type":"category"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130678","uid":"adlib-term-130678","uuid":"c683fbc6-ba3a-3ab1-b2f5-41493ff3588d"},"summary_title":"flat-backed figure"},"type":"category"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Gift of Ms Anne Stow"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-71613","uid":"adlib-object-71613","uuid":"bd8313cb-bcd9-3856-b2dd-72702f8daabc"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-107609","uid":"adlib-term-107609","uuid":"71b65ef8-c0fb-319e-925f-37526bfc6764"},"summary_title":"flask"}},"summary_title":"flask"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.37: a very similar figure, though 146mm and differently decorated. The accompanying text indicates that figures were made in different sizes. Also, p.126, a list of figures ordered from the factory in 1842-44, compiled from original ledgers.","page":"34","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7327","uid":"adlib-publication-7327","uuid":"c13ba931-026a-3859-80c8-ffd7530320c9"},"summary_title":"Dudson Staffordshire Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Plate E37, Fig. 73: a very similar figure, though with different enamelling and 5 \u00be in. Also, Fig.72, another figure of Crow standing, and a lithograph music cover inscribed: \u2018Jim Crow!\u2019, with an illustration of a figure dancing.","page":"435","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3585","uid":"adlib-publication-3585","uuid":"784308ef-9535-3132-970c-45af8a273a64"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures and Allied Subjects of the Victorian Era"},{"@link":{"notes":"Fig.152: a similarly moulded figure, 6 \u00bc in, but in a slightly different pose and with a round base inscribed \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 in gilt script; impressed \u2018Lloyd Shelton\u2019.","page":"115","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7296","uid":"adlib-publication-7296","uuid":"ebd8a711-3a9e-3a56-ac62-2432cac6fe69"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Pottery: The Tribal Art of England"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.1123: a very similar figure, but with different decoration. Also a copy of the music cover described above and two other small figures of Rice as \u2018Jim Crow\u2019.","page":"307","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7227","uid":"adlib-publication-7227","uuid":"6dc55e19-7dee-3713-a8a4-c81f86e35351"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire Figures 1835-1875, Book One: portraits, naval & military, theatrical & literary characters"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7328","uid":"adlib-publication-7328","uuid":"3f063ff2-8128-3529-985a-c8c7410ccf06"},"summary_title":"Dudson: a family of potters since 1800"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7217","uid":"adlib-publication-7217","uuid":"c1860f2b-473e-3562-a129-4344ff68ed22"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"activity","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106480","uid":"adlib-term-106480","uuid":"b059cfb8-07ea-3c75-9f41-3c892139ca4c"},"summary_title":"dancing"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"dancing"}],"summary_title":"dancing"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}},"summary_title":"figure","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"White earthenware moulded in several parts. Painted in black, blue, red, pink, yellow and green enamels, and gilt. The underside is concave and glazed. The back is moulded and decorated, with a vent hole concealed under the figure\u2019s behind, 6.5 cm from the bottom."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130724","uid":"adlib-term-130724","uuid":"94dc0522-7bb7-3aa7-a884-0878f90b9d28"},"summary_title":"press moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}],"title":[{"value":"Thomas Dartmouth Rice as 'Jim Crow'"},{"value":"Jim Crow"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}