{"admin":{"added":1592997162000,"created":1438776411000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-205051","indexed":1747159607267,"modified":1609950270000,"processed":1747159409017,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-205051","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/205051","uuid":"de35312c-a604-38ea-9ace-2d36c26b3a00","version":5},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109566","uid":"adlib-term-109566","uuid":"d4c82710-992a-334e-8267-7b59546717a2"},"summary_title":"fan"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134338","uid":"adlib-term-134338","uuid":"806687b7-3751-3c0f-ba03-37af5c2cc8b4"},"summary_title":"Lennox Boyd"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-32149","uid":"adlib-term-32149","uuid":"8d0a972c-4bee-31ec-9bee-976d7cc14d21"},"summary_title":"bone"}}],"name":"Sticks","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-25884","uid":"adlib-term-25884","uuid":"86bb7058-7ded-3d65-8de1-80ad064ebbee"},"summary_title":"forming"}}]},{"name":"Leaf","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"Much later, understood to have been undertaken by the artist John Roddam Spencer Stanhope (1829-1908)."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-26621","uid":"adlib-term-26621","uuid":"e2ddba51-8549-3217-9d8f-85744eccca79"},"summary_title":"hand colouring"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-99807","uid":"adlib-term-99807","uuid":"6a23afb4-3d15-3ece-a1f8-29cd185df9ca"},"summary_title":"etching"}}]}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Jacobite fan in a frame, a hand coloured etching dated 25 February 1746, on shaped bone sticks. The etching depicts the Jacobite forces in in retreat from Stirling. On the left, British army officer General Hawley arrives to help defend Stirling Castle (seen in the background), which was held by Hanoverian supporters. To the right, Jacobite clansmen (in support of deposed James II and VII), women, soldiers on foot and horseback, and a man and woman in a carriage are seen retreating. In the central background, the Kirk of St Ninan's, used as a gunpowder store by Jacobite forces, is shown blowing up, an event which is now thought to have been accidental, due to carelessness in the rush to retreat. This explosion occurred on 1 February 1746, and killed ten people."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"M.472-2015","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"M.472-2015"},{"priref":"205051","type":"priref","value":"205051"},{"source":"Christie's","type":"sale number","value":"206"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/205051","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/205051"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Initials (illegible) of artist and date of etching"}],"location":"Lower left edge of leaf","transcription":[{"value":"[?] W Feb. 25 1746"}],"type":"date and initials"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Accepted by H. M. Government in lieu of inheritance tax from the Lennox Boyd Estate"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-150141","uid":"adlib-agent-150141","uuid":"aa66239a-2b6d-36c3-80b2-cf5f2b976e97"},"summary_title":"H.M. Government"}],"date":[{"earliest":2015,"latest":2015,"value":"2015-04-27"}],"method":{"value":"allocated"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1746,"era":["CE"],"latest":1746,"value":"1746"}],"note":[{"value":"Another example of this fan, but more fully-coloured, is in the collection of the Stirling Smith Art Gallery & Museum, Scotland."},{"value":"Fans had been used as means of political propaganda previously, but using them specifically to campaign against the Jacobite cause had been encouraged by the writer Joseph Addison (1672-1719), writing the year after the first Jacobite Uprising (1715):\n\n\u201cIt is with great pleasure that I see a race of female-patriots springing up in this island. The fairest among the daughters of Great Britain no longer confine their cares to a domestic life but are grown anxious for the welfare of their country, and shew themselves good stateswomen as well as good housewives [\u2026] As an instance of this cheerfulness in our fair fellow-subjects to oppose the designs of the pretender, I did but suggest in one of my former papers that , \u2018That the fan might be made use of with good success against Popery\u2026\u2019 when immediately they took the hint, and have since had frequent consultations upon several ways and methods to \u2018make the fan useful\u2019 [including] \u2018To show their disbelief of any Jacobite story by a flirt of it [the fan].\u201d"},{"value":"In an attempt to assure the government of the town\u2019s loyalty and distance themselves from the Jacobites, many versions of this fan were produced, each one from an etching, and distributed to women of the town to try and convince government forces of their support. Shortly before the Battle of Culloden, the Duke was made a free man of Stirling and it is thought that women visibly carried these fans o that occasions, displaying their support for him and his army. This fan is therefore a piece of propaganda. On it, government forces are accompanied by a trumpeting seraph, in an attempt to show that they had the support of God. However, government forces showed little mercy to Jacobite supporters. Cumberland ordered his troops to stab any men who survived on the battlefield and subsequently sought out Jacobite supporters in the Highlands, killing anyone suspected of supporting the Jacobite cause, burning settlements and livestock and imprisoning women."},{"value":"The later colouring is understood to have been undertaken by the artist John Roddam Spencer Stanhope (1829-1908). The fan was formerly in the collection of his niece."},{"value":"The scene depicted on this fan, the Jacobite retreat from Stirling Castle, took place on 1 February 1746. It followed the Battle of Falkirk Muir (17 January 1746), one of many skirmishes that led to the climax of the Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Culloden (16 April 1746), at which the Jacobite cause was lost for good. At this battle, the last pitched on British soil, the forces of Charles Edward Stuart (\u2018Bonnie Prince Charlie\u2019) who believed in his family\u2019s rightful claim to the throne, were defeated by the Duke of Cumberland, son of the Hanoverian King George II. In early January 1746, the Jacobite army had besieged Stirling Castle (here on the left in the background), strengthening the town\u2019s pro-Jacobite reputation. The government sent General Hawley (1685-1759), seen here on the left on horseback, to take back the Castle. Although his forces were at first outmaneuvered by the Jacobites, they eventually overpowered the rebel force, who withdrew as depicted here. In the rush to remove supplies stored in the nearby Kirk of St Ninian\u2019s, a store gunpowder exploded, killing ten Jacobite supporters."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106400","uid":"adlib-term-106400","uuid":"3e80c102-1483-3c39-b2f4-67e333d653d8"},"summary_title":"18th Century"}]}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109566","uid":"adlib-term-109566","uuid":"d4c82710-992a-334e-8267-7b59546717a2"},"summary_title":"fan"}},{"value":"Framed Fan"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"From the collection of Mrs A. M. Spencer Stanhope, a niece of the artist.\nLennox Boyd Estate.  Christie's no. 206"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109566","uid":"adlib-term-109566","uuid":"d4c82710-992a-334e-8267-7b59546717a2"},"summary_title":"fan"}},"summary_title":"fan","title":[{"value":"Jacobite Fan"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}