1593000220000 1536160979000 Standard Record object-224719 1753812157585 1696250467000 1753812119276 adlib fitz-online adlib-object-224719 https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/224719 bcaf5534-1583-3153-9198-851e1506ba9c 5 reference term-98032 adlib-term-98032 82c0807b-e8e4-3d5c-ac68-1a6390880fea print Paintings, Drawings and Prints From a complete pack of 52 playing-cards; hand-coloured woodcut on white laid paper with watermarked fleur-de-lis. A single image, hand-coloured in black, red, yellow, dark blue and lighter blue inks. The Queen, a full-length figure, stands in profile facing left and holds a red flower with three petals in her right hand, which is probably a lily representing the fleur-de-lis, national flower of France. A scene within her costume depicts the head of an animal, possibly another emblem relating to France and which is comparable to the head of the cockerel or Gallic rooster ('le coq gaulois') seen on the King of Diamonds. A printed title or name at upper right: 'PALLAS'. This name for the Queen of Spades (presumably a reference to Pallas Athene of Greek mythology) is unique to French playing cards where the court cards are associated with historical or mythical characters. The single image pattern of the court cards was designed by engraver and sculptor, Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux (1751-1832) in 1813, whose name can be found at the centre of the shield on the Jack of Clubs. His designs were based on earlier versions of the so-called Paris pattern, which became the official French pattern in 1813. The verso is blank. The pack can be dated through reference to the Jack of Clubs, which is printed with the name for French excise administration (Administration des Contributions Indirectes) and a date of 1816. From the 19th century until 1945, the appearance of playing cards for domestic consumption was regulated by the French government and all cards were produced on watermarked paper made by the state to show payment of the stamp tax. P.14628-R(15) 1 accession number P.14628-R(15) 224719 priref 224719 uri https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/224719 https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/224719 reference agent-149638 adlib-agent-149638 7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8 The Fitzwilliam Museum Bequeathed by Spencer George Perceval, 1923 reference agent-151972 adlib-agent-151972 a004cfc5-52e8-3956-a6a6-7c2db8044ad8 Perceval, Spencer George 1923 1923 1923 bequeathed 1816 1816 circa 1816 printmaker reference agent-190749 adlib-agent-190749 b689db89-2e54-369b-b7f9-658dc66d1895 Gatteaux, Nicolas Marie height 82mm x width 53mm reference term-106853 adlib-term-106853 25492eb4-1164-35eb-8dce-3601486f3415 19th Century reference term-94829 adlib-term-94829 7f4ebbd8-99be-3d4c-91b4-0632f2758469 playing card reference agent-149638 adlib-agent-149638 7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8 The Fitzwilliam Museum reference term-8399 adlib-term-8399 6611ae15-9298-340e-8c20-9fc4c7a76bf8 French

reference term-94829 adlib-term-94829 7f4ebbd8-99be-3d4c-91b4-0632f2758469 playing card

playing card reference term-26621 adlib-term-26621 e2ddba51-8549-3217-9d8f-85744eccca79 hand colouring reference term-29158 adlib-term-29158 0a707cc2-e3a2-373e-895e-3ac50510e219 woodcut object OBJECT