IDENTIFIERS ----------- id: 224732 accession number: P.14628-R(28) DATE AUDIT ---------- created: Wednesday 5 September 2018 updated: Monday 2 October 2023 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ---------------- object type: From a complete pack of 52 playing-cards; hand-coloured woodcut on white laid paper with watermarked fleur-de-lis. A single image, hand-coloured in black, red, yellow, dark blue and lighter blue inks. The Queen, a full-length figure, holds a yellow flower in her left hand. A printed title or name at upper right: 'RACHEL'. This name for the Queen of Diamonds (a reference either to Rachel, the wife of Jacob in the Old Testament or to a historical figure) is unique to French playing cards where the court cards are associated with historical or mythical characters. The single image pattern of the court cards was designed by engraver and sculptor, Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux (1751-1832) in 1813, whose name can be found at the centre of the shield on the Jack of Clubs. His designs were based on earlier versions of the so-called Paris pattern, which became the official French pattern in 1813. The verso is blank. The pack can be dated through reference to the Jack of Clubs, which is printed with the name for French excise administration (Administration des Contributions Indirectes) and a date of 1816. From the 19th century until 1945, the appearance of playing cards for domestic consumption was regulated by the French government and all cards were produced on watermarked paper made by the state to show payment of the stamp tax. title: playing card LICENSING --------- text license status: CC0 image license status: CC-BY-NC-SA OWNERSHIP --------- instutition: The Fitzwilliam Museum department: Paintings, Drawings and Prints creditline: Bequeathed by Spencer George Perceval, 1923 STABLE URL ---------- url: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/224732 TECHNIQUES ---------- hand colouring TECHNIQUES ---------- woodcut CATEGORIES ------ category: print DATING ------ creation date: 1816 - 1816 creation date earliest: 1816 creation date latest: 1816 culture: 19th Century CREATORS -------- maker: Gatteaux, Nicolas Marie