{"admin":{"added":1592970273000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-48107","indexed":1756836093671,"modified":1724157540000,"processed":1756836091179,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-48107","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/48107","uuid":"af3ae69a-63a7-3e90-afed-62a32a588a3a","version":8},"agents":[{"@link":{"note":[{"value":"Pandolfo Petrucci commissioned a tile pavement for the Palazzo Petrucci, Sienna"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-174723","uid":"adlib-agent-174723","uuid":"f5006ccd-3053-3b74-8a64-2ba3ee5b976d"},"summary_title":"Petrucci, Pandolfo"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108348","uid":"adlib-term-108348","uuid":"667e7a19-db33-3d85-bd9b-c2dafd8e02ff"},"summary_title":"tin-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42865","uid":"adlib-term-42865","uuid":"92be1d50-bb1c-3472-950f-b140ee6cdde9"},"summary_title":"maiolica"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"dark blue, green, yellow, orange, brownish-red, and black"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]},{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39575","uid":"adlib-term-39575","uuid":"cdf6707a-1eeb-3622-a26b-6e54f1f8d4ab"},"summary_title":"tin-glaze"}}],"name":"Upper Surface","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"cream earthenware, tin-glazed on the upper surface.  Painted in dark blue, green, yellow, orange, brownish-red, and, on the border tile, black."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-1111","uid":"adlib-term-1111","uuid":"46c949dd-f376-3538-878f-397baee5be09"},"summary_title":"mythology"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Cream earthenware, tin-glazed on the upper surface.  Painted in dark blue, green, yellow, orange, brownish-red, and, on the border tile, black. Pentagonal with part of the right and left sides chipped off.\nThe main field has a yellow ground decorated with grotesques: a vase and a mask on a pole between addorsed griffins seated on a bowl, flanked by foliated scrolls. The border comprises a narrow row of oval and circular beads, and a wider row of egg and dart ornament."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.127-1927","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.127-1927"},{"priref":"48107","type":"priref","value":"48107"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/48107","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/48107"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"F. Leverton Harris Bequest, 1926"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-157197","uid":"adlib-agent-157197","uuid":"ab234587-3b80-398a-9715-ce74f88dbb64"},"summary_title":"Harris, F. Leverton, The Right Hon."}],"date":[{"earliest":1927,"latest":1927,"value":"1927"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1509,"era":["CE"],"latest":1509,"precision":"circa","value":"1509"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-189453","uid":"adlib-agent-189453","uuid":"73c60f26-7cd8-3336-9e7e-efe2008e3a3c"},"summary_title":"Unidentified Siena pottery"}],"note":[{"value":"The use of ornamental grotesques gained impetus in Italy after the discovery in about 1480 of the painted decoration of Nero's Domus Aurea in Rome.  By then its rooms were below ground and became known as grotte, from which the term grot\u00actesche was derived. Taken up by artists such as Pinturicchio and Signor\u00acelli, and dissemi\u00acnated by prints, grotesques rapidly became one of the most popular forms of Renaissance decoration. Maiolica potters working in Siena  had local examples in the splendid pendentives of the vault in the Piccolom\u00acini Library in the Cathe\u00acdral, which was commissioned by Cardinal Francesco Piccolomini from Pintur\u00acicchio and was completed about 1507.                                                                                                                                                                            \nThis tile fragment (and C.128-1927, C.129-1927, and C.130-1927) and another border tile fragment which has lost most of its glaze (C.131-1927) formed part of a tile pavement commissioned by Pandolfo Petrucci (1452-1512) for the Camera Bella, one of a suite of rooms in the Palazzo Petrucci which were to be occupied by his heir Borghesi Petrucci on his marriage to Vittoria Piccolomini which took place on 22 September 1509. The room is thought to have been decorated between 1508 and Petrucci's death, and three of the tiles are dated 1509. The pavement comprises pentagonal tiles of two sizes, square tiles and rectangular border tiles. Some of the square tiles are decorated with the quartered arms of Piccolomini and Petrucci, celebrating the 1509 marriage, or with trophies, or with figures in landscapes reminiscent of those by Pinturicchio, Signorelli and Genga. The majority are decorated with grotesques, and the pavement as a whole is one of the most outstanding illustrations of this genre on early sixteenth-century maiolica. Miller and Graves (see Documentation) have shown that the tiles were originally arranged in a way which produced an eight-pointed star and cross pattern comparable to Islamic star and cross tile patterns. The cross being formed by a square tile with four pentagonal tiles around it and the star by a small square with four small pentagonal tiles to form a cross, and four contrasting square tiles in the spaces between them. \nThe earliest recorded date for the dispersal of the pavement is November 1854 when the British Museum purchased one from the estate of a London dealer, William Forrest, who died in that year. (inv. 1854,11-2,2). The largest group surviving together is in the Victoria and Albert Museum, which acquired 475 tiles from the pavement in the 1857, but now has about 433, and there are over 90 in other collections. Further examples in Britain , are six in the Potteries Museum and Art Gallery, Stoke-on-Trent, two in the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, two in the Courtauld Gallery, London, and two fragments probably from the pavement in the Brtiish Museum. When cataloguing the seventeen  tiles in the Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe, Ham\u00acburg in 1984, Rasmussen listed the locations of other tiles from the pavement, and his list was updated and added to by Thornton and Wilson in 2009. The largest group is held by the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. (See Documention)."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-129192","uid":"adlib-term-129192","uuid":"2dba38f0-9a5e-3bba-9551-1573d7540a59"},"summary_title":"16th Century, Early"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-11364","uid":"adlib-term-11364","uuid":"7245b126-74ce-3569-8149-2aeb1daafa35"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Italy"}],"summary_title":"Italy","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Siena"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Depth","units":"cm","value":"3.2"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"19.4"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"15.5"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110002","uid":"adlib-term-110002","uuid":"ebb4a3e3-f205-389c-9cd1-ccd3a2bff3f8"},"summary_title":"tile fragment"}},{"value":"fragment of a tile"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Purportedly purchased in Siena by F. Leverton Harris."}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same provenance"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-48109","uid":"adlib-object-48109","uuid":"53e3a998-96e0-3cd3-9283-6226a9b85f92"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-110002","uid":"adlib-term-110002","uuid":"ebb4a3e3-f205-389c-9cd1-ccd3a2bff3f8"},"summary_title":"tile fragment"}},"summary_title":"tile fragment"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same provenance"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-48119","uid":"adlib-object-48119","uuid":"0ec94ce2-19bb-372c-9b05-fc924e6c187e"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-110002","uid":"adlib-term-110002","uuid":"ebb4a3e3-f205-389c-9cd1-ccd3a2bff3f8"},"summary_title":"tile fragment"}},"summary_title":"tile fragment"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same provenance"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-71760","uid":"adlib-object-71760","uuid":"ea784965-aaac-3588-9861-897396227bca"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-89400","uid":"adlib-term-89400","uuid":"194f8c99-93e1-30de-9465-9209222dafaa"},"summary_title":"jug"}},"summary_title":"jug"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pp. 138-139, no. 197A","page":"pp. 138-9","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3010","uid":"adlib-publication-3010","uuid":"e3e61863-a797-3051-8d0a-20288306ca36"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica and Incised Slipware in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. vol. I, pp. 132-3, no. 386, vol. II, pl. 62, tiles from the Palazzo Petrucci","page":"132-3","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1571","uid":"adlib-publication-1571","uuid":"4e0f6f47-bf3a-3285-8417-f9bff14edde2"},"summary_title":"Victoria and Albert Museum, Catalogue of Italian Maiolica"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 176-7 pl. 205, colour illustration of an area of laid floor tiles from the Camera Bella, Palazzo Petrucci, Siena, c. 1509 (Victoria & Albert Museum inv. no. 4915-1857)","page":"176-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7526","uid":"adlib-publication-7526","uuid":"ceb92dd4-7854-3192-82d7-ddfa5f0f3dd4"},"summary_title":"Italian Renaissance Maiolica"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 116-27, nos. 79-95, tiles from the Palazzo Petrucci, Siena, where references are given for examples elsewhere.","page":"116-27","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6052","uid":"adlib-publication-6052","uuid":"48f217d2-c44b-3144-be9a-3c7741e5f67e"},"summary_title":"Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, Italienische Majolika"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 105-06, no. 374, dated 1509. See also no. 371 and 373 now at \u00c9couen, and nos. 375-99. For a further acquisition see Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2003 berlow.","page":"105-106","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1574","uid":"adlib-publication-1574","uuid":"159ac368-4d4c-3d0c-a949-566b288054c6"},"summary_title":"Catalogue des majoliques des mus\u00e9es nationaux"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Vol. II, pp. 608-11, no. 378, a pentagonal tile. The authors discuss the pavement in relation to architectural and mural decoration of the period, and the approximate date of its dispersal judging by the dates when tiles were purchased by museums and private collectors. On p. 610 they update and add to the list of tiles made by Rasmussen, 1984. See also pp. 611-2, no. 379 two fragments  of tiles.","page":"Vol. II, pp. 608-12","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6434","uid":"adlib-publication-6434","uuid":"4524f0a3-0484-3e51-8720-80332f8ac8a2"},"summary_title":"Italian Renaissance Ceramics: A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection, Volume I and Volume II"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002882","uid":"adlib-publication-200002882","uuid":"8de3daaa-89bb-3a56-bb72-edbc68a7e104"},"summary_title":"Ancora due righe su Siena"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8947","uid":"adlib-publication-8947","uuid":"52ba0d6b-52e3-3851-9b56-2681ab3df986"},"summary_title":"Early English and Continental Pottery from the John Philip Kassebaum Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 33, nos. 21-2.","page":"33","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7529","uid":"adlib-publication-7529","uuid":"9257f380-1802-32af-bc3b-9d0b0abd8e70"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the National Museums of Scotland"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 58, no. 20, (inv. ECl. 2377) and pp. 58-9, no. 21 (inv. ECl. 2469), examples in the Mus\u00e9e national de la Renaissance, at \u00c9couen, formerly in the Mus\u00e9e de Cluny, Paris, when cited by Rasmussen, 1984.","page":"58-9","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8945","uid":"adlib-publication-8945","uuid":"9af956eb-b189-300f-96c4-6f5724ebad10"},"summary_title":"Majolique, La fa\u00efence italienne au temps des humanistes 1480-1530"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 140-4, no. 25, dated 1509, and no. 26. (inv. nos. O 1966.GP72.1 and O 1966 GP72.2) Tiles formerly in the Gambier Parry collection.","page":"140-4","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8944","uid":"adlib-publication-8944","uuid":"8ae54e96-a8df-31e0-8da3-ff6694ce355b"},"summary_title":"Italian and Other Early Modern Ceramics in the Courtauld Gallery"},{"@link":{"notes":"pp. 58-60 contribution by Marie-Laure de Rochebrune on thirty-three tiles from the Palazzo Petrucci pavement set into a table top attributed to the \u00e9beniste, Alexandre-Georges Fourdinois (1799-1871) made about 1860.","page":"58-60","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8946","uid":"adlib-publication-8946","uuid":"591dbe82-dd4a-34d0-a851-fa24bbfd366c"},"summary_title":"Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Catalogue. Nouvelles acquisitions du d\u00e9partement des Objets d'art 1995-2002"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 384, nos. 507a-b two pentagonal tiles with grotesques on a dark brown ground with an egg and dart border from the pavement in the Camera Bella of the Palazzo Petrucci in Siena.","page":"384","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8977","uid":"adlib-publication-8977","uuid":"9396b466-54b6-378f-93a2-987508bde686"},"summary_title":"Maiolica and Ceramics in the National Museum of the Bargello"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"animal","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108315","uid":"adlib-term-108315","uuid":"ea06694f-bb83-3a27-b0af-df81ae797f21"},"summary_title":"griffin"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"griffin"}],"summary_title":"griffin"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110002","uid":"adlib-term-110002","uuid":"ebb4a3e3-f205-389c-9cd1-ccd3a2bff3f8"},"summary_title":"tile fragment"}},"summary_title":"tile fragment","title":[{"value":"Fragment of a pentagonal tile from the Palazzo Petrucci, Siena"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}