[{"admin":{"added":1592963111000,"created":1312636875000,"id":"publication-1508","indexed":1616540067509,"modified":1409071248000,"processed":1615826338571,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-publication-1508","uuid":"e85553c5-9ccd-38e9-be31-91db994e0a76","version":2},"lifecycle":{"publication":[{"date":[{"value":"1962"}],"place":[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"London?"}],"summary_title":"London?"}]}]},"summary_title":"Victorian Pottery","title":[{"primary":true,"value":"Victorian Pottery"}],"type":{"base":"publication"}},{"current_page":1,"data":[{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-15302","_score":19.106264,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592984171000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-15302","indexed":1754330645142,"modified":1714464859000,"processed":1754330624263,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-15302","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15302","uuid":"df15d696-5363-3c1f-9a01-34bbf626c29b","version":6},"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-190684","uid":"adlib-agent-190684","uuid":"2579108e-638f-3b33-9b9f-1609c02ae9ce"},"summary_title":"Minton, Herbert"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192153","uid":"adlib-agent-192153","uuid":"c4be50a6-9d1e-3e13-8186-fd7504317801"},"summary_title":"Campbell, Colin Minton"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"dark brown"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"name":"Middle"},{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"fine buff"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"name":"Top And Bottom"}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware floor tile with inlaid geometric design, lead-glazed."},{"value":"Tile formed from a sandwich of fine buff earthenware top and bottom and a thick layer of coarse red-brown earthenware in the middle. 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The resulting indentations are then filled with different coloured slips (liquid clay); a thin layer of glaze is then applied before firing."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton (1765-1836), originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, his son Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"The sandwich construction of the tile combines a fine surface for the inlaid pattern with the robustness of the coarse clay centre and also prevents warping. The design here is made to be part of a continuing pattern.  The texture and bright colours of the finished tile echo Minton\u2019s coloured lead-glazed \u2018Majolica wares\u2019, introduced to great acclaim at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Majolica ware tiles were also popular in the latter part of the century, but generally used for wall or fireplace decoration."},{"value":"Tile making increased dramatically in 19th century Britain, encouraged by church building and restoration and by new concerns about public health. Minton lead the way in both innovation and the revival of mediaeval production methods, using recently re-discovered techniques to make inlaid (or encaustic) floor tiles for the Houses of Parliament and other major buildings, introducing dust-pressing methods and making a wide range of printed and moulded relief tiles."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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Two handles modelled as snakes, coil on the rim and curve down to meet the rounded shoulders. Painted in dark blue on a white ground with a frieze of putti playing on swags linked by two bearded masks below the handles. The frieze is bordered by Renaissance-style scrolling foliage and motifs, also on the neck and foot; the handles have a blue snake-skin pattern painted onto the cream clay. The underside has an unglazed foot-rim and a deep indentation into the stem."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1072","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1072","uuid":"5f0c5c3b-ca10-352c-8c84-8027304959ff"},"summary_title":"Victorian and Edwardian Decorative Art - The Handley-Read Collection"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-2046","uid":"adlib-exhibition-2046","uuid":"3c0cfca9-2b18-38eb-8224-69831f794488"},"summary_title":"Alfred Stevens, 1817-1875"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-2370","uid":"adlib-exhibition-2370","uuid":"2d49a842-0f2f-31d5-bd38-16ad210e3a69"},"summary_title":"The Victorian Vision of Italy"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.42-1972","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.42-1972"},{"priref":"75036","type":"priref","value":"75036"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75036","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75036"}],"inscription":[{"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"MINTON"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"a horizontal line crossing 'Z'"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"A"}],"type":"date mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"658"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"B"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"two rectangular paper labels handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"Vase, MINTON, designed by Alfred Stevens. Date mark [crossed Z] for 1864. cf. H. Wakefield Victorian Pottery pl.42: an almost identical vase in V&A, same date \u00a34.00 Portobello Dec. 1966.  \/  See Stannus. H Alfred Stevens and his Work, London, 1891, pl. XLVII - the design for the frieze of this vase with putti, masks etc. reproduced (also details in other plates of V & A M Minton-Stevens vases)."}],"type":"label"},{"location":"loose inside vase","method":"rectangular paper label, typewritten","transcription":[{"value":"Ex Leicester, The Victorian Vision of Italy, Cat. No. 137"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"From the Charles & Lavinia Handley-Read Collection, bought from the Perceval Fund and the V & A grant-in-aid fund."},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160895","uid":"adlib-agent-160895","uuid":"a1eb7880-da59-3f1e-96f8-35488a6c8c56"},"summary_title":"Stainton, Thomas"}],"date":[{"earliest":1972,"latest":1972,"value":"1972-06-17"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1972-10-19"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1864,"era":["CE"],"latest":1864,"note":[{"value":"marked; design produced 1861"}],"value":"1864"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153865","uid":"adlib-agent-153865","uuid":"853be336-7cfb-32d1-aa54-fb4dff401cf0"},"summary_title":"Minton & Co."},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"designer"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-130331","uid":"adlib-agent-130331","uuid":"f95f28ac-13ef-3848-8ccc-ed140fd91227"},"summary_title":"Stevens, Alfred George"}],"note":[{"value":"Alfred Stevens (1817-1875) was a painter, sculptor and designer. He spent several years studying in Italy, before working for Minton c.1859-1862. This design, which he originally produced in 1861, illustrates his interest in echoing the decoration of Italian Renaissance maiolica. Stevens produced other similar designs using this shape of vase, but he may not have designed the shape as it was in use before he joined the company."},{"value":"Minton launched wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 at the Great Exhibition of 1851, to great acclaim. The new product took inspiration from the earlier Italian maiolica, tin-glazed earthenware with painted decoration, but used brightly coloured lead-glazes and generally favoured  sculptural forms rather than finely painted decoration. A few Minton designers, however, such as Stevens and the Minton Art Director, L\u00e9on Arnoux, sought closer imitation using enamels and shapes based on Urbino models (as here), though such work was never so widely produced."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton (1765-1836), originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, his son Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. 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The neck is shaped in a rough hexagon, with the rim shaped to match the sections. The exterior is decorated with naturalistic bulrushes, in relief, the leaves running from foot to shoulder or rim. The handle is also shaped as a bulrush and leaves. The outside is smear-glazed, the interior fully glazed and shiny. The underside is recessed and smear-glazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.47-1981","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.47-1981"},{"priref":"75217","type":"priref","value":"75217"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75217","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75217"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Countess Shelagh S. 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The smear-glazing makes the most of the way that colour-stained clays show off crisply-moulded ornament, whilst the stoneware would be durable in an everyday setting. There are several examples in the Fitzwilliam Collection. This jug\u2019s bulrush design indicates its function, as a water jug."},{"value":"The Ridgway family produced stoneware and porcelain in Staffordshire from the 1790s until the 20th Century. Trained by their father, Job, the brothers William and John already had a reputation for drab (coloured) stoneware  decorated with applied relief sprigs when William Ridgway established Church Works, Hanley, in 1831. He was also a noted philanthropist, building alms houses and a school for local children \u2013 many of whom he employed in his potteries. With his partner James Leonard Abington and (later) his son Edward, by 1843 he operated six pot-works in Hanley and Shelton. The business  became known for its relief-moulded jugs, for which it is likely that Abington was the modeller, and was re-named Ridgway & Abington in 1845. One of the first to offer such jugs, in the early 1830s, they produced some 26 designs over the next 30 years. Other potters followed, notably Minton and Charles Meigh, and relief moulded jugs (some with ceramic or metal lids) in a wide variety of design became a popular household mainstay for water, beer milk and other liquids which might now be kept in bottles, cans or plastic jars."},{"value":"The decoration is unusual. However, an 1849 review in The Journal of Design and Manufactures commends it over the more common use of narrative or classical designs: 'The bulrush jug is calculated for a large sale, by reason, as it seems, of its demanding probably little labour to finish it, and its consequent cheapness\u2026 we presume [it] is for tee-totallers, from the watery character of its ornament\u2019. The same design was used on a mustard pot and a sugar box, both with metal lids, and some jugs have \u2018BULRUSH\u2019 impressed on the base; only two Ridgway jug designs were named in this way. The design seems to have instigated a new fashion, as several other potteries, notably Dudson, produced naturalistic relief moulded jugs from the 1850s.   It may have been influenced by Richard Redgrave\u2019s 1847 \u2018Well Spring\u2019 carafe, is decorated with water weeds and flower heads, which is also in the Fitzwilliam Collection (C.50-1972)."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106851","uid":"adlib-term-106851","uuid":"e155f998-1e0b-3f2a-851c-24f44d05dd59"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110443","uid":"adlib-term-110443","uuid":"8e41da15-698e-303b-ac89-c241a4e52efc"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Hanley"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"pale 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