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The top of the brim is encircled by twelve holes for externally-flush lining-rivets of which four remain, lacking their internal heads."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"HEN.M.25-1933","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"HEN.M.25-1933"},{"priref":"18267","type":"priref","value":"18267"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/18267","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/18267"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"J.S. Henderson Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-154334","uid":"adlib-agent-154334","uuid":"28c0c8e2-3ec7-3d3a-9e13-b60fa3a6b434"},"summary_title":"Henderson, James Stewart"}],"date":[{"earliest":1933,"latest":1933,"value":"1933-03-16"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1933-03-16"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1440,"era":["CE"],"latest":1440,"precision":"circa","value":"1440"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149652","uid":"adlib-agent-149652","uuid":"0d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98"},"summary_title":"Unknown"}],"note":[{"value":"The helmet has suffered extensive corrosion, resulting in heavy overall pitting and numerous perforations.  The largest of the latter, namely at the apex, each side and the right rear of the crown, at the top and bottom right of the brim, and at the bottom left of the brim have been repaired with riveted and welded internal patches.  The edge of the brim shows numerous cracks.  A small section of the brim has been replaced towards the rear of the right side."},{"value":"The type of kettle hat with a down turned brim projecting as a point at the front appears, from the evidence of an illumination of an address of the town Prato to Robert of Anjou preserved in the British Library, Royal Ms. E. Ix. fol. 21 (G.F. Laking, A Record of European Armour and Arms, Vol. II, London, 1920, fig. 414) to have been introduced in the 14th century.   A fine example, excavated from the approach to the Grand Louvre, Paris, is identifiable as that  of Charles VI of France in the Inventaire de l'Ecurie du Roi of 1411 (M. Fleury, 'La R\u00e9surrection du Casque Brise de Charles VI', Conaissance des Arts, No. 439, September 1988, pp. 150-5).  This type of kettle hat is seen in 15th century illustrations from France, Flanders, South Germany and especially Spain (Claude Blair, European Armour, London, 1958, p.110) where it evolved into the cabacete (J. G. Mann, 'Note on Armour worn in Spain from the Tenth to the Fifteenth Century', Archaeologia, Vol. LXXXIII, 1933, p. 296, pls. LXXXIII & LXXXVIII).  All these examples, however, have pointed, almond-shaped skulls, whereas the present helmet has a rounded skull with a slight medial ridge characteristic of the period of about 1440.\nDespite its unusual skull form, its light-weight and relatively poor quality, the present helmet appears to be authentic.  In condition, it is reminiscent of pieces derived from the armoury of the Knights of St. John at Rhodes, much of which came into the hands of the 19th century Parisian dealer Louis Bachereau, and was subsequently widely dispersed on the market."},{"value":"Western European"}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107270","uid":"adlib-term-107270","uuid":"98ebf37f-42ba-3d8c-b75f-102d703acef1"},"summary_title":"15th Century"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108963","uid":"adlib-term-108963","uuid":"1fe700c4-66f7-3c5f-bfb8-74069ac8fdec"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Europe"}],"summary_title":"Europe","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Europe"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-40136","uid":"adlib-term-40136","uuid":"28e1cd6e-7c25-339f-8cd2-2aaae536a0c5"},"summary_title":"steel"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Depth","units":"cm","value":"33.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"24.2"},{"dimension":"Weight","units":"kg","value":"1.155"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"26.4"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-77982","uid":"adlib-term-77982","uuid":"6ef2355f-cbc1-3a49-8929-30b1fa23b387"},"summary_title":"kettle hat"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Mr James Stewart Henderson of  'Abbotsford', Downs Road, St Helen's Park, Hastings, Sussex."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1809","uid":"adlib-publication-1809","uuid":"c679fcbc-7514-3602-bacd-e075bed039e7"},"summary_title":"A Record of European Armour and Arms Through Seven Centuries"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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Henderson"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"or latten"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39588","uid":"adlib-term-39588","uuid":"b17ff981-06b2-30a2-b9a9-b514fe84a191"},"summary_title":"copper"}}],"name":"Inlay"},{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-33522","uid":"adlib-term-33522","uuid":"d2a924aa-f118-3a9e-b2bc-10e6f461aee6"},"summary_title":"wire"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-40902","uid":"adlib-term-40902","uuid":"ec39a220-e629-3548-92f0-14937d5d3167"},"summary_title":"leather"}}],"name":"Bound Tang"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Depth","units":"cm","value":"15"},{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"6"}]},"name":"Pommel"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","units":"cm","value":"89.5"}]},"name":"Blade"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"28.5"}]},"name":"Grip"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"30.5"}]},"name":"Cross"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"4.9"}]},"name":"Blade At Hilt"},{"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-26908","uid":"adlib-term-26908","uuid":"93db4eba-7855-3a51-a5b6-3c0d8390f722"},"summary_title":"incising"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-27645","uid":"adlib-term-27645","uuid":"c489df47-4067-3e45-80d3-a0c71cedaaf8"},"summary_title":"inlay (process)"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23385","uid":"adlib-term-23385","uuid":"4c17df77-7d4e-32bf-8ec9-921b71d218a2"},"summary_title":"religion"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Hand-and-a-half sword or bastard sword. ('Great sword', or 'War Sword', or 'Great Espee d'Allegmagne'). Type XIIIA. Very deep wheel-shaped pommel with very small central boss, with a cross (once inlaid with latten or copper) or incised on one face. Long tang, with restored 19th century grip. Straight cross of rectangular section widening toward the tips from broadened midpoint. Long, heavy blade, tapering very slightly with a wide shallow fuller running two-thirds of its length."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"HEN.M.188-1933","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"HEN.M.188-1933"},{"priref":"18827","type":"priref","value":"18827"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/18827","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/18827"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-154334","uid":"adlib-agent-154334","uuid":"28c0c8e2-3ec7-3d3a-9e13-b60fa3a6b434"},"summary_title":"Henderson, James Stewart"}],"date":[{"earliest":1933,"latest":1933,"value":"1933-03-16"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Bequeathed by Mr James Stewart Henderson of  'Abbotsford', Downs Road, St Helen's Park, Hastings, Sussex, 1933, bequest no. 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There are also many 13th and early 14th century references to 'Espees de Guerre', 'Swords of War', 'Schlachtschwerte' and so on to distinguish them from the smaller kind of sword ('Arming Sword' in 15th century English) and to set them apart for their prime use as battle-swords. They are not to be confused with two-handed swords.\nA sword of the same dimensions with a similar hilt, including the cross in the central boss of the pommel, is on the tomb-effigy at Bopfingen in Wurttemburg, dated 1359, and there are others in Germany, Spain and England, all dating between c.1320-1360, too numerous to mention individually."},{"value":"This sword has a long, slightly tapering blade, common right across Europe from the late 12th to the 14th centuries. The grip, which is a restoration, is long enough to use an extra hand when greater force was needed. 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