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Circular with wide sloping rim and shallow curved well, convex in the centre.\nThe front is decorated overall with the Suicide of Hero. In the foreground, Leander lies drowned in the Hellespont. On the right, a man seated on a rock looks towards him, raising his right arm. On the left, Cupid stands holding a flaming torch. In the background there is an archway inscribed 'AMOR.NE. CAVSA' (Love is the cause of it), the lower part of a tower, and a doorway with a window above. Hero is shown throwing herself from a window in the tower. The edge is encircled by a very narrow black band and a wide yellow band. The back is decorated with a wreath of blue leaves on a continuous wavy stem. The base is inscribed in blue, 'Leandro in Mare &.\/Hero alla finestra\/.61.\/.S."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.21-1995","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.21-1995"},{"priref":"79589","type":"priref","value":"79589"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/79589","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/79589"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on arch","method":"painted","transcription":[{"value":"AMOR.NE.CAVSA"}],"type":"inscription"},{"location":"on base","method":"painted","transcription":[{"value":"Leandro in Mare &.\/Hero alla finestra\/.61.\/.S."}],"type":"inscription"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the F. Leverton Harris Fund and the Leonard D. Cunliffe Fund"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"date":[{"earliest":1995,"latest":1995,"value":"1995"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1995"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1561,"era":["CE"],"latest":1561,"note":[{"value":"dated '61'"}],"precision":"dated","value":"1561"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160372","uid":"adlib-agent-160372","uuid":"02812d23-6ab3-39e0-a4c3-f8e746eed805"},"summary_title":"Sforza di Marcantonio"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"printmaker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-97017","uid":"adlib-agent-97017","uuid":"50d126f7-214f-3e19-b339-bffa736d939b"},"summary_title":"Veneziano, Agostino"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"printmaker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-35821","uid":"adlib-agent-35821","uuid":"7864b6fe-8b62-333d-b6ff-dcc5decb8942"},"summary_title":"Dente, Marco (Marco da Ravenna)"}],"note":[{"value":"During the second and third decades of the sixteenth century the maiolica industry in Pesaro was less flourishing than in the previous century. This situation improved after Guidobaldo II della Rovere succeeded to the dukedom of Urbino in 1538, because he preferred to live at Pesaro. The presence of the court stimulated local industries, and from around 1540 Pesaro became a significant producer of istoriato maiolica, that is, painted with narrative scenes."},{"value":"Hero was a priestess of Venus at Sestos. Leander, her lover, used to swim the Hellespont to see her, guided by a torch which she held up from the window of a high tower. One night in winter, when Hero had begged him to come despite the inclement weather, he was drowned, and she committed suicide by throwing herself from the tower. The lovers were mentioned in Ovid's Heroides, 18 and 19."},{"value":"Sforza di Marcantonio da Casteldurante was recorded as a potter, and sometimes also as a painter in documents in Pesaro between in 1550 and 1552, and almost every year from 1563 until 1580, when he made his will on 17 November, and probably died shortly after. He signed himself 'SFORZA' on two panels dated 1567, respectively in the British Museum and the Museo Civico Medievale, Bologna. Dishes signed '.S.' in 1561, as this one is, and in some years up to and including 1576, are attributed to him on the basis of similarities with these panels. Sforza's choice of subjects, iconography, and inscriptions suggest that during the late 1530s he had been contact with the Urbino maiolica painter, Francesco Xanto, whose latest signed works are dated in 1542. Several of Sforza's designs closely follow those on plates by Xanto, who painted several dishes with versions of 'Hero and Leander' between 1532 and 1538. Xanto probably knew the story from a translation of Ovid's Heroides, but on the backs of the dishes he quoted from Francesco Petrarch's Trionfi, III, 21 'Leandro in mare ed Hero a la fenestra'  (or Trionfi, II in editions with commentary by Bernardo Ilicini, first published in 1475).  The first dish decorated with this subject which is attributed to Sforza was painted in 1546 (Christie's, 25 May 1962, lot 110); the latest, in the Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig, is dated 1576, and initialled '.S.'  Both, like the Fitzwilliam's dish, have an inscription from Petrarch, and the figure of Leander used by Xanto, which was taken from a Marcantonio Raimondi school print, known as the 'Battle with the Cutlass' by Marco Dente (Bartsch, XIV, p 171, no. 211), or Agostino da Veneziano. The three dishes illustrate the persistence of popular themes over a long period, the influence of an outstanding maiolica painter on another, and the repetitive nature of much maiolica painting."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106602","uid":"adlib-term-106602","uuid":"bbb4c00f-eefa-3d64-9441-7a75aa07736e"},"summary_title":"16th Century"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113179","uid":"adlib-term-113179","uuid":"e74d25a1-07c3-3a30-b91b-004673211ee5"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Italy"}],"summary_title":"Italy","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"The Marches"}],"summary_title":"The Marches","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Pesaro"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"30"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"4.2"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-52825","uid":"adlib-media-52825","uuid":"f29d9a81-9e93-3fdd-9406-554647e4635c"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":748}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/mid_C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":508},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":748}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/preview_C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":254},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-90855","uid":"adlib-term-90855","uuid":"b48207ec-774d-3e3e-8ab3-536996bc5dac"},"summary_title":"dish"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Purchased. Given to the vendor's husband by his mother, who bought it an antique shop."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Front cover, text p. 17","page":"p. 17","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-656","uid":"adlib-publication-656","uuid":"e34cd340-f467-31dd-b9f5-160b9af3268b"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum Annual Report, 1995"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pp. 76-7, no. 33","page":"76-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3010","uid":"adlib-publication-3010","uuid":"e3e61863-a797-3051-8d0a-20288306ca36"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica and Incised Slipware in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pl. 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Dishes attributed to Sforza di Marcantonio, The dish dated 1576 is on p. 351, no. 496.","page":"345-51","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3402","uid":"adlib-publication-3402","uuid":"c8af0496-64ae-35b9-ad9f-d5671244769a"},"summary_title":"Italienische Majolika, Katalog der Sammlung"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3409","uid":"adlib-publication-3409","uuid":"24781af6-8b3f-3e49-b0e1-b76724c9bf6f"},"summary_title":"Ceramisti pesaresi nei documenti notarili dell'Archivio di Stato di Pesaro sec. XV-XVIII"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. See p. 94, n. 54 for reference to a document recording Sforza di Marcantonio's presence in Pesaro on 17 May 1548","page":"94","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-9105","uid":"adlib-publication-9105","uuid":"5cfdd45c-0379-3268-b5ba-70bf8826921a"},"summary_title":"Girolamo e Giacomo Lanfranco dalle Gabicce maiolicari a Pesaro nel secolo XVI,"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For the inscription from Petrarch","page":"228, 230-1","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200001099","uid":"adlib-publication-200001099","uuid":"221e4db2-30b4-37cc-8eac-7bed66fa4d24"},"summary_title":"Francesco Xanto Avelli and Petrarch"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 176-7, no. 129, a panel of the Dead Christ between the Virgin and St John, signed 'SFORZA' and dated 1567.","page":"176-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3388","uid":"adlib-publication-3388","uuid":"de185508-79d7-3c40-b470-36c015e8e566"},"summary_title":"Ceramiche occidentale del Museo Civico Medievale di Bologna"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Alessandro Bettini, 'La ceramica a Pesaro tra il XIV e il XVII secolo', pp. 31-95, on p. 79, no. 52 a shallow footed bowl decorated with the Holy family and Shepherds, dated 1543, attributed to the workshop of Girolamo Lanfrance. It had been suggested earlier by a different writer that this bowl might be by Sforza and therefore indicate that he had been in Pesaro at that date.","page":"79","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6388","uid":"adlib-publication-6388","uuid":"1f1298ea-c28b-3905-ad2b-fa59db7d742c"},"summary_title":"Fati di Ceramica nelle Marche dal Trecento al Novecento"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 68, no. 98, ill. p. 67, a panel of the Annunciation, signed SFORZA and  dated 1567.","page":"67-8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3227","uid":"adlib-publication-3227","uuid":"93afae36-69d1-3a32-bcca-d2487b5e0af7"},"summary_title":"Ceramic Art of the Italian Renaissance"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 251-2, no. 265, a plaque decorated with the Crucifixion with the Virgin, Magdalene and St John, attributed to Sforza di Marcantonio, and dated c. 1567 on the grounds of its similarity to the dated Annunciation plaque in the British Museum. The writer of this catalogue entry, Grazia Biscontini Ugolini, provides a survey of the known biography of Sforza and his work. She cites a notarial document of 1564 which states that he had a little workshop in the San Giacomo quarter of Pesaro. (ASP, notaio  Paolo Ubaldi, 26.5;n. 154 B 443 V.10 [1564])","page":"251-2","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3413","uid":"adlib-publication-3413","uuid":"8c672f50-56ae-3905-934c-aeda20f7cede"},"summary_title":"Milan, Museo d'Arti Applicate, Le ceramiche, Tomo primo"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 357-8, no. 211 a devotional panel of the Annunciation, signed 'SFORZA.D.P.' and dated 1567.","page":"357-8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6434","uid":"adlib-publication-6434","uuid":"4524f0a3-0484-3e51-8720-80332f8ac8a2"},"summary_title":"Italian Renaissance Ceramics: A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection, Volume I and Volume II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Vol. I, pp. 240-1, n. 728, vol. II, pl. 115. Inv. no. C.756-1925. A dish decorated with Hero and Leander and dated 1535 by Xanto Avelli da Rovigo.","page":"Vol. I, 240-1","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1571","uid":"adlib-publication-1571","uuid":"4e0f6f47-bf3a-3285-8417-f9bff14edde2"},"summary_title":"Victoria and Albert Museum, Catalogue of Italian Maiolica"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3721","uid":"adlib-publication-3721","uuid":"3aa50429-7c36-35f8-899a-6ca6df495d5b"},"summary_title":"The Collections of the National Gallery of Art, Systematic Catalogue, Western Decorative Arts, Part I, Medieval, Renaissance and Historicizing Styles including Metalwork, Enamels, and Ceramics"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 80, no. 40, a plate decorated with Hero and Leander and signed 'historia y' attributed to Francesco Xanto Avelli,  in Urbino c. 1527-31.","page":"80","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8915","uid":"adlib-publication-8915","uuid":"53de1acc-24ac-39fd-8418-d4ffc3f13e3b"},"summary_title":"Tin-glaze and Image Culture: the MAK Maiolica Collection in its Wider Context"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3175","uid":"adlib-publication-3175","uuid":"ab8fd5be-66f6-3413-aa8c-217219863fd3"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of a Collection of Italian Maiolica belonging to Henry Harris"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 141-55, the author examines the influence of Xanto on Sforza di Marcantonio, and illustrates several dishes decorated with the same subject by both painters to demonstrate this.","page":"141-55","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003334","uid":"adlib-publication-200003334","uuid":"bda9612a-3804-36e3-8893-2bd2c0dd8ef4"},"summary_title":"Xanto e Sforza di Marcantonio"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107506","uid":"adlib-term-107506","uuid":"b8480578-e5b1-3a8d-af71-509dcdbb2223"},"summary_title":"torch"},{"@link":{"relation":"event","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113271","uid":"adlib-term-113271","uuid":"f26dffff-4dd0-3376-aa38-fa1718178346"},"summary_title":"Suicide of Hero"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"torch"}],"summary_title":"torch"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Suicide of Hero"}],"summary_title":"Suicide of Hero"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-90855","uid":"adlib-term-90855","uuid":"b48207ec-774d-3e3e-8ab3-536996bc5dac"},"summary_title":"dish"}},"summary_title":"dish","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"Earthenware, tin-glazed, painted in blue, greyish-green, yellow, orange, shades of brown, and black; the reverse is pale beige and has several pin holes."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}}],"first_page_url":"?page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"?page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","active":false},{"url":"?page=1","label":"1","active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"","per_page":24,"prev_page_url":null,"to":3,"total":3}]