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The stem comprises two cylindrical sections divided by a bulbous knop. At the top there is a spike surrounded by a circular wavy-edged drip pan. At the bottom there are three curved legs with stylized animal's head terminals and a circular hole at the upper end. This hole is threaded loosely onto a central bolt and held there by a nut, which permits them to swivel into a tripod stand, or fold together for travelling. The upper and lower parts of the stem are engraved with shallow crossed lines. The knop is deeply engraved with four panels of a geometrical pattern, and each leg on its upper edge by shallow scrolls within an outline, all filled with  white enamel (much of it missing). A few very small areas of gilding remain on the legs."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"M.4-2007","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"M.4-2007"},{"priref":"141823","type":"priref","value":"141823"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141823","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141823"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Dr William J. Conte through Cambridge in America"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-175037","uid":"adlib-agent-175037","uuid":"ab60fdbf-3749-3e2e-84b8-40054e6b8c00"},"summary_title":"Conte, William J., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":2007,"latest":2007,"value":"2007-03-05"}],"method":{"value":"given"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1175,"from":{"earliest":1175,"era":["CE"],"latest":1175,"precision":"circa","value":"1175"},"latest":1225,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1225,"era":["CE"],"latest":1225,"value":"1225"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149652","uid":"adlib-agent-149652","uuid":"0d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98"},"summary_title":"Unknown"}],"note":[{"value":"If not, English, French"}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-123147","uid":"adlib-term-123147","uuid":"6475dbbd-60e9-3973-9e71-4f3abc5f5d82"},"summary_title":"12th Century, Late-13th Century, Early"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107139","uid":"adlib-term-107139","uuid":"9fd5ef13-3709-388f-b925-702787340e32"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"note":[{"value":"probably England"}],"summary_title":"England"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39741","uid":"adlib-term-39741","uuid":"47d44741-af05-37c3-b21e-0e278b114f3b"},"summary_title":"copper alloy"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"15.7"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-68009","uid":"adlib-term-68009","uuid":"91f3a501-d5d5-3088-afd6-87f5515a9250"},"summary_title":"candlestick"},"type":"object name"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-123146","uid":"adlib-term-123146","uuid":"6df95f4b-c04f-39e4-8f0c-99bc1b18c8b5"},"summary_title":"champlev\u00e9 enamels"},"type":"category"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Found in spoil from the Thames Exchange site, London, 1989 (recorded at the Museum of London); bought from Spink, London by the donor about 1990; lent to the Fitzwilliam in 2006 ; allocated to the Fitzwilliam Museum by Cambridge in America."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 116. The author compares the candlestick with one in the Mus\u00e9e municipal, Nevers, NOA 95","page":"116","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-9129","uid":"adlib-publication-9129","uuid":"5774611c-57f6-36aa-b84a-5eab40a047c3"},"summary_title":"Limoges Enamels. French Art in Medieval England with a Gazeteer of Limoges Finds"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002173","uid":"adlib-publication-200002173","uuid":"015e9a2c-0df7-319b-bea0-58099aae6226"},"summary_title":"Limoges Enamels"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For discussion of enamelled candlesticks belonging to the Church Commissioners (from Grove Priory), the Victoria and Albert Museum (M355\/1956), the Wallace Collection (IIIF 285), and the Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam (OMB.1)","page":"336-8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002104","uid":"adlib-publication-200002104","uuid":"5e346f5d-8b57-374c-ad92-ea0e41805aeb"},"summary_title":"3. 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foil"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39588","uid":"adlib-term-39588","uuid":"b17ff981-06b2-30a2-b9a9-b514fe84a191"},"summary_title":"copper"}}],"name":"Plaques"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"10.8"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"3.5"}]},"name":"Side Plaques"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"10.8"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"7.1"}]},"name":"Centre Plaque"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"11"}]},"name":"Closed"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"21.2"}]},"name":"Open"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107707","uid":"adlib-term-107707","uuid":"cbae1ed2-5069-35db-a029-700dc23ada11"},"summary_title":"Christian religion"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Copper, decorated in translucent and 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The Crucifixion in the centre panel with St James on the left wing and St Catherine on the right wing, enclosed in a wooden frame with folding wings"},{"value":"Three copper plaques, almost flat, and partly foiled in silver, enamelled in translucent royal blue, two shades of green, and mulberry, and opaque flesh, red, white, and black,and gilded.                                                                                                   On the centre plaque Christ hangs on a gilded Cross with the word INRI on a titulus above his head. He wears a crown of thorns, and a loin cloth, and blood streams from a wound in his right side. The Virgin Mary stands on the left with her hands extended, wearing a green veil, a royal blue gown over a green skirt, and a purple cloak. St John stands on the right with his hands clasped in prayer. He has long blonde hair and wears a blue gown with green sleeves, and a purple cloak. The cloudy blue sky is scattered with small groups of gold rays, and on the right is a white crescent moon enclosing a profile face. The lower background is uneven dark green.\n\nThe Saints on the two wings each stand on a green tiled floor beneath an ogee arch supported by diagonally fluted columns with a shallow apse behind them. Above the arches there are circular medallions, reserved in a black ground, that on the left wing occupied by a bearded man in profile to right wearing a turquoise helmet, and that on the right by a a clean-shaven man three-quarters to left wearing a green helmet. On the left wing St James is depicted as a pilgrim holding a staff in his right hand and an open book in his left. He is bearded, and barefooted, and wears a green hat, blue gown, and a dark bluish-green cloak. On the other wing St Catherine holds the hilt of a sword in her right hand, and an open book in her left. She wears a gold crown, a purple gown over a dark blue petticoat, and a royal blue cloak. The outlines of the costume, the architectural features, and medallions are gilded, and there are gold foliated scrolls in the spaces around the medallions."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"M.43-1904","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"M.43-1904"},{"priref":"156429","type":"priref","value":"156429"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/156429","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/156429"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Frank McClean bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-172414","uid":"adlib-agent-172414","uuid":"73d94f64-8c0d-30c1-9764-25b005f3ce1d"},"summary_title":"McClean, Frank"}],"date":[{"earliest":1904,"latest":1904,"value":"1904"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Frank McClean died in Brussels on 8 November 1904"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1850,"from":{"earliest":1850,"era":["CE"],"latest":1850,"precision":"circa","value":"1850"},"latest":1900,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1900,"era":["CE"],"latest":1900,"value":"1900"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149652","uid":"adlib-agent-149652","uuid":"0d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98"},"summary_title":"Unknown"}],"note":[{"value":"St Catherine and St James on the wings flanking the Crucifixion were early Christian martyrs, and among the saints most widely venerated in the later Middle Ages. Apart from their martyrdoms, they were particularly appropriate to accompany Nativity or Crucifixion scenes, because their feast days were respectively on 25 November and 25 July, the same day in the month as Christ's on 25 December.. \n\nAlthough in the style of Limoges Renaissance painted enamels, this triptych was made in the second half of the nineteenth century, probably in Paris. The martyrs on the wings were obviously inspired by their images on the wings of a famous late fifteenth-century triptych which has the inscription MONVAERNI on St Catherine\u2019s sword, then interpreted as the maker's name. In the nineteenth century that triptych was successively in the Didier-Petit, Odiot, and Cottreau collections in Paris, and was well known because it was exhibited at the Trocad\u00e9ro in the 1889 Exposition r\u00e9trospective. Since 1904 it has been in the Taft collection in the USA and is now in the Taft Museum, Cincinnati (See Documentation, Verdier, 1995). St Catherine's other attribute, a wheel, and her persecutor the Emperor Maxentius, which are shown on the original triptych wing have been omitted. Apart from its inferior quality, a feature which reinforces the dating of this triptych to the nineteenth century, is the stylistic mismatch between the wings and central Crucifixion which is reminiscent of early seventeenth-century examples, such as one by L\u00e9onard Limosin II in the Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Limoges.\n\nAn almost identical nineteenth-century triptych in a similar frame, is in the Museo Diocesano Francesco Gonzaga at Mantua (see Documentation, Venturi, 2010), and another was sold by Christie's in London on 4 July, 2000, lot 37. It has not been possible to remove the plaques in the Fitzwilliam's triptych from their frame to see if they are signed, but another triptych at Mantua, which has a similar frame, contains  a plaque signed by Samson of Paris, a firm famed for reproductions of ceramics and enamels."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-118652","uid":"adlib-term-118652","uuid":"5a255bf0-199c-337e-ae02-4096e18f0ccf"},"summary_title":"19th Century, second half"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-129470","uid":"adlib-term-129470","uuid":"8353db27-fba9-33c1-94a1-f268fd2a2d21"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"note":[{"value":"Probably made in Paris, or possibly in 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Clear counter-enamel with dark brown spots and mottled brown areas.   On the left a saddled white horse stands in profile to the right. A youth wearing a turquoise phrygian cap, a blue tunic, and yellow boots stands behind the horse, and has his right arm over the saddle. Two men stand by the horse\u2019s head holding its bridle. One, perhaps Hercules? wears a brown lion\u2019s mask, a brown tunic, and turquoise skirt . The other who has his back to the viewer, points with his right arm towards the right. He wears a turquoise helmet al antica with feather, a brown tunic with a triangular turquoise collar over a garment with blue, green and yellow sleeves, and blue and yellow tights. He has a sword, and three brown bags are suspended from beneath his tunic. An angry small boy wearing a yellow tunic runs from the right towards the horses, shaking his fist. An old woman wearing a blue dress and white cap stands behind him gesticulating. In front of her in the foreground, another man, perhaps a peasant, has his back to the viewer, and holds out both his arms out towards the left. He wears a yellow hat, a pink tunic, and ragged calf-length breeches, and has a knife in a brown sheath suspended from his waist. In the left foreground, a white dog runs towards the figures. The ground is painted with areas of pale purple and green, and there are two yellow plants in the foreground. Gold is used sparingly on the edge of the woman\u2019s cap, for the pattern on the sheath of the knife of the man standing in front of her, on the helmet and its feather on the other man, and on the edges of the horse\u2019s equipment. The plaque is mounted in a D-shaped wooden frame. covered in red velvet, with a gilt-metal inner edge on the front. 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The lack of stirrups on the horse and the Phrygian cap worn by the man standing behind the horse, suggest that it depicts a classical rather than a contemporary subject, perhaps the departure of Hector for the Trojan War.\n\nThe thin application of translucent enamels over a white ground is a characteristic of some enamels by Limosin made in the 1560s and early 1570s  The similarities between these enamels and the Fitzwilliam's plaque support its attribution to L\u00e9onard Limosin. Horses with similarly fierce eyes, and figures with elongated tapering legs appear in a plaque of 'Theseus and the Queen of the Amazons' dated 1563 in the Mus\u00e9e national de la Renaissance at \u00c9couen. The dog, horse, and streaky colouring of the ground with small yellow plants are strongly reminiscent of those on an oval  plaque in the Louvre representing Spring, on which a man and woman on horseback ride through a landscape accompanied by a white hound. This probably formed part of a set of Seasons, of which Winter also in the Louvre, is dated 1572. A large undated plaque in the Taft Museum, Cincinnati, titled 'The Children of Mars', depicts a contemporary scene of soldiers pillaging a village, and includes a horse with a saddle and stirrups being led away by a soldier and gesticulating figures reminiscent of those on the Fitzwilliam's plaque, particularly a man shown from the back with both arms raised to the right"}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-125332","uid":"adlib-term-125332","uuid":"76f10b5d-9bf4-36d4-b4e3-f4df05af8260"},"summary_title":"16th Century, third 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