[{"admin":{"added":1592951278000,"created":1312633275000,"id":"publication-2632","indexed":1616539746650,"modified":1312650322000,"processed":1615826073901,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-publication-2632","uuid":"64a355ff-02a0-3871-9dfd-748c4a3c6691","version":2},"lifecycle":{"publication":[{"date":[{"value":"1985"}],"place":[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"London"}],"summary_title":"London"}]}]},"summary_title":"English Enamels and British and Irish Ceramics","title":[{"primary":true,"value":"English Enamels and British and Irish Ceramics"}],"type":{"base":"publication"}},{"current_page":1,"data":[{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-39296","_score":19.10273,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999451000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-39296","indexed":1747160115966,"modified":1714465323000,"processed":1747159409017,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-39296","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/39296","uuid":"44b20e07-2c3a-3c7a-8292-bf73a0c6c9d1","version":5},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-157440","uid":"adlib-agent-157440","uuid":"3942ad37-9782-3cfd-b6bb-22f5b5f40d42"},"summary_title":"King George II"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37642","uid":"adlib-term-37642","uuid":"8f36efe3-4fe1-3da2-9944-000db5687ad7"},"summary_title":"porcelain"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}],"component":[{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"34.8"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"30.5"}]},"name":"Bust"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-98112","uid":"adlib-term-98112","uuid":"32d115a4-d3ac-33b0-b126-2a3da0fdf139"},"summary_title":"portrait"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain bust of George II, bewigged, and wearing armour, the Garter Star, and a cloak draped about his shoulders and fastened with an oval cabochon brooch, supported on an associated black marble socle"},{"value":"Soft-paste porcelain bust of George II, press-moulded, and coated inside and outside with very pale greyish-blue lead-glaze. The glaze has many brown speckles. The back of the bust below the shoulders is open, and the marks of paring away of the clay to make the wall thinner are visible. The narrow base has a large circular hole to facilitate its attachment to a socle. A small shallow fragment from another object has adhered to the underside of the right shoulder. The King faces front with his head turned three-quarters to his left. He has a long curling wig, and wears a shirt and neckcloth under armour, the breastplate of which is ornamented with scrolls and foliage. Over his left shoulder plate is the Star of the Order of the Garter, partly concealed by a cloak which is drawn in folds around his shoulders, and is held together above the Order by an oval cabochon brooch. The circular black marble socle is associated."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"B6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1070","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1070","uuid":"2cb713dc-899f-35df-9c15-515a05f38d48"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.7-1951","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.7-1951"},{"priref":"39296","type":"priref","value":"39296"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/39296","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/39296"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"8"}],"type":"factory mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Bequeathed by R.F. Lambe"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-150035","uid":"adlib-agent-150035","uuid":"fa690cce-1746-3446-a03f-0fc97eb77f4a"},"summary_title":"Lambe, Roger Francis"}],"date":[{"earliest":1951,"latest":1951,"value":"1951"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1951-08-02"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1745,"from":{"earliest":1745,"era":["CE"],"latest":1745,"precision":"circa","value":"1745"},"latest":1760,"note":[{"value":"Chaffer's factory operated between 1745\/5 and 1765. The date  refers to the porcelain only."}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1760,"era":["CE"],"latest":1760,"value":"1760"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"probably","role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-157665","uid":"adlib-agent-157665","uuid":"b68c5501-4b5f-39e8-8048-c9b58de684e3"},"summary_title":"Bow Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-156379","uid":"adlib-agent-156379","uuid":"0c1c2442-d77d-3ccc-825c-68420ac0d648"},"summary_title":"Vauxhall Porcelain Factory"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-157441","uid":"adlib-agent-157441","uuid":"9868b4c7-0a9f-3530-a4b7-56d381fd24d0"},"summary_title":"Richard Chaffers & Co."}],"note":[{"value":"Nineteen examples of this bust of George II  (1683-1760) have been recorded. The Fitzwilliam's bust  lacks both the socle found with some examples, and the rococo style wall bracket to support it, which is more rare. Their attribution is contentious. Since the 19th century they been variously attributed to Chelsea, Plymouth. Bow, Worcester, Chaffers Liverpool, and most recently Vauxhall. On accession this bust was attributed to Chelsea, although its glaze is unlike Chelsea porcelain. It was reattributed to Richard Chaffers' Factory, Liverpool, by Dr Bernard Watney in 1968. This reattribution rested on spectrographic analysis of two examples respectively in the British Museum and in Dr Watney's collection. These showed that the body contained soapstone (steatite), which suggested Liverpool as a possible place of manufacture. Worcester porcelain is also steatitic, but as that factory made very few figures the bust is unlikely to have been made there. More recently the Vauxhall factory which also made steatitic soft-paste, has been adopted as an alternative.  Accepting any of these three attributions would place the busts' date of manufacture in the late 1740s or 1750s, as it seems unlikely that they were made after the King's death.  Analysis of early products of the Bow factory have indicated that some of them contained steatite, and that therefore this bust might equally have been made by the Bow factory before its establishment in the New Canton factory in Essex. This would place its date in the mid 1740s when the King was popular after his participation in the Battle of Dettingen in 1743 and the defeat of the Stuart Rebellion of 1745-6. The two most recent publications on the busts, Bimson, 2011, and Daniels and Ramsay, 2013 weigh these possibilities, and give the current locations of the recorded examples."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106451","uid":"adlib-term-106451","uuid":"9cdfd62c-ee07-3884-ae08-c797aad08631"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107736","uid":"adlib-term-107736","uuid":"e93a8dd1-d76d-320b-be9b-afa352e322a1"},"summary_title":"George 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note","value":"Uncertain before Roger Francis Lambe (1872-1951), London"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 18, B6","page":"18","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-992","uid":"adlib-publication-992","uuid":"e26b9de8-5607-3d6e-82c1-bba7d8cb57c4"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Delvigne noted fourteen examples of this bust.","page":"236-48","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200000876","uid":"adlib-publication-200000876","uuid":"9ac2cc27-0d3e-3b3c-9a0b-1afc34be21b9"},"summary_title":"The Bust of George II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Watney records sixteen examples. He suggested Ricahrd Chaffers' Liverpool factory as their maker. His own, example, is pl. 51a, the interior b. H. 13\u00bd\".","page":"48","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200000854","uid":"adlib-publication-200000854","uuid":"312f9898-68dc-30a2-8a15-5acdc8869472"},"summary_title":"The King, the Nun and other Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. An example painted with oil colours and gilding, p. 36, II. 33, then attributed to Chelsea.","page":"36","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2716","uid":"adlib-publication-2716","uuid":"1839e893-0fd8-312e-9443-9e7bccf27506"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Collection of English Porcelain in the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities and Ethnography of the British Museum"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Figure 10, and pl. 4, a white example with porcelain socle, formerly in the Arthur Hurst Collection (sold Sotheby's, 28 November 1940, lot 41), then attributed to Chelsea.","page":"17","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2614","uid":"adlib-publication-2614","uuid":"bd0c2e2e-8e28-3664-bf00-fe50da012352"},"summary_title":"Chelsea and other English Porcelain, Pottery and Enamel in the Irwin Untermyer Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. An example from Temple Newsam House, Leeds, p. 253, O26 an socle for the bust in the Victoria and Albert Museum, p. 254, no. 0 27.","page":"253-4","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2341","uid":"adlib-publication-2341","uuid":"9f995346-7a8d-3fd8-910c-b973dd37873b"},"summary_title":"Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth's England"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 34, no. 126, and pl. 11, a white example with a porcelain socle. This bust had been attributed to Plymouth by Lady Charlotte, and was attributed to Chelsea by Rackham.","page":"34","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1013","uid":"adlib-publication-1013","uuid":"e6774d16-9d42-373b-a20c-90a966447f48"},"summary_title":"Victoria and Albert Museum Department of Ceramics, Catalogue of English Porcelain, Earthenware, Enamels and Glass collected by Charles Schreiber Esq., M.P.,  and the Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Schreiber, and presented to the Museum in 1884, Volume I, Porcelain"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2632","uid":"adlib-publication-2632","uuid":"64a355ff-02a0-3871-9dfd-748c4a3c6691"},"summary_title":"English Enamels and British and Irish Ceramics"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Lot 446, another on a black wooden pedestal. H. 34 cm. Estimate \u00a310-15,000; fetched \u00a335,200. Formerly sold at Sotheby's on 29 May 1956, lot 114 (\u00a31,150 to Tilley).","page":"p. 225","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2581","uid":"adlib-publication-2581","uuid":"1028337b-2c06-329b-ac8e-30af68e34013"},"summary_title":"Ceramics from the Rous Lench Collection including British Pottery and Porcelain, Dutch Delft . . ."},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For a discussion of the possible attribution and date of this bust, and the locations of the sixteen examples. The author sites Errol Manners' discovery of a bust listed as 'a large bust of George the IId and bracket' among the 'China in Store Room' on the second day of the 1775 sale held at Holland House - the earliest reference to one (no other large busts of George II in porcelain are known). The author concludes that without further evidence about the sculptor, a commission o other documentary evidence it is not possible to give a conclusive attribution.","page":"549-54","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002797","uid":"adlib-publication-200002797","uuid":"7a463f94-f7f8-3fe2-9508-6531bf08a991"},"summary_title":"A Porcelain Bust of George II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 141, pl. 32 the soft-paste porcelain bust of George II in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, attributed to Vauxhall, c. 1760, and pl. 33 an example in a private collection, also attributed to Vauxhall and dated c. 1760. Cf. also p. 142, pl. 34, the bust of George II with its socle and bracket in Leeds City Art Galleries. H. 39.0 cm. Cf. p. 139, an ivory bust of George II by Johann Christian Friedrich L\u00fccke, c. 1760. H. 18.7 cm. V&A, and pl. 35 a plaster bust of George II in armour with draped shoulder,  attibuted to Louis Fran\u00e7ois Roubilac. H. 57.5 cm, which has very different treatment of the curling wig. Private collection. The author discusses and rejects the possiblity that either L\u00fccke or Roubiliac was responsible for the model for the porcelain bust, which he dates towards the end of the king's life.","page":"123-46","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002922","uid":"adlib-publication-200002922","uuid":"c941949f-9a8c-388b-b5d9-46e538ce1d51"},"summary_title":"Some Baroque sources of English ornamental porcelains"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 54, no. D\/R 2013 - 16. For the other busts see pp. 32-58. The authors give historical and scientific reasons for attributing the busts to Bow rather than Liverpool or Vauxhall, and discuss earlier attributions.","page":"54","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7633","uid":"adlib-publication-7633","uuid":"ee051b51-e1bf-3287-82b8-361db9ccff47"},"summary_title":"The George II Busts and Historic Wall Brackets"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2348","uid":"adlib-publication-2348","uuid":"af161f90-7d29-335e-95e9-1685bb70b1e0"},"summary_title":"Alumni cantabrigienses: a biographical list of all known students, graduates and holders of office at the University of Cambridge, from the earliest times to 1900"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-9010","uid":"adlib-term-9010","uuid":"ecd03def-5d2a-3b43-bb92-76be16fbabf6"},"summary_title":"Rococo"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23035","uid":"adlib-term-23035","uuid":"f9693b6b-2e4a-3666-acf8-973403f65fce"},"summary_title":"bust"}},"summary_title":"bust","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain (probably steatitic), press-moulded, and coated inside and outside with very pale greyish-blue lead-glaze, which has bubbled, particularly on the shoulders, and, here and there, where these have burst, small craters. 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The deep convex underside is glazed and does not have a ventilation hole. The roughly circular, rounded conical base has vertical ridges to resemble the bark on a tree stump, and has three applied flowers and leaves at the front. On the viewer's right it has a projecting broken off branch. The owl perches on the stump with his left foot on the branch, looking straight ahead. There is a large circu-lar ventilation hole in the back of the top of its head. The plumage is mainly white with brown and very pale yellow feathers here and there, and circles of brown feathers round both eyes, which are brown with black pupils. Its beak is yellow, and its feet are yellow with brown short lines overall, and black claws. One flower is dark pink with a yellow centre, and the other two are blue. The leaves are green and there are spaced green splodges on the base."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.59-1932","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.59-1932"},{"priref":"41909","type":"priref","value":"41909"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/41909","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/41909"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Mrs W.D. Dickson"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-180712","uid":"adlib-agent-180712","uuid":"855e3948-593a-3b3c-9d66-028df74284fe"},"summary_title":"Dickson, W. D. 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