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Cylindrical cup with a double-curved handle. The front is painted with a crown of blue flowers and green leaves above a script T made up of pink roses and green leaves, surrounded by an oval frame of chased gilding bordered by polychrome flowers. A border of stylized gilt leaves runs round the  upper edge, and bands of gilding encircle the foot and lip. 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Between then and 1789 over 1000 were produced. Sir Geoffrey de Bellaigure (see Documentation) cited over 80 in 1784, over 400 in 1785,nearly 500 in 1786, about 160 in 1787 and fewer than 20 in 1788. He  identified this as possibly as one of three gobelet litron decorated by Tardy for which he received payment shortly after \n19 August in 1784 (MNS Vj\u20193, fo. 257). Floral initials were also painted by C.-N. Buteux."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)\n\nThis is a gobelet litron of the second size with Savill's handle B. This size was usually supplied separately rather than in a tea set. 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The cylindrical cup has a scroll handle with leaf moulding on top. The circular saucer has deep sloping sides and a flat centre. The front of the cup is decorated with a tooled gold oval frame enclosing a head of Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Arouet, called Voltaire (1694-1778) in profile to left painted en grisaille in brown against a tomato-red ground. The frame is tooled with two zig-zag lines with cross binding at the cardinal points. The two sides are decorated with swags of small leaves, over which are pairs of cornucopia-like formal flowers pointing upwards, interlaced with pairs of palms pointing downwards, and round the handle is a wreath of larger leaves and berries. There are gilt bands round the lower edge and rim, and down the sides of the handle, which also has a formal leaf on its top. The inside of the saucer is decorated en suite with the sides of the cup, and has in addition a circle of leaves and berries in the centre."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.5 & A-2001","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.5 & A-2001"},{"priref":"38705","type":"priref","value":"38705"},{"date":[{"earliest":2001,"latest":2001,"value":"2001"}],"source":"The Fitzwilliam Museum","type":"Entry form","value":"151"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/38705","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/38705"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of both pieces but not identically","method":"painted in red enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced Ls below a crown"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on the cup below the factory mark","method":"painted in red enamel","transcription":[{"value":"Pt"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on cup to right of the  painter's mark","method":"painted in red enamel","transcription":[{"value":"HP"}],"type":"gilder's mark"},{"location":"on base of saucer below the factory mark","method":"painted in red enamel","transcription":[{"value":"HP"}],"type":"gilder's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"script N with an upward curve before the first upward stroke"}],"location":"on base of cup near edge of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"N"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"description":[{"value":"script M with long sloping first stroke"}],"location":"on base of saucer near edge of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"M"}],"type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the Rylands Fund"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-157407","uid":"adlib-agent-157407","uuid":"be30d5e5-9599-3b81-b0f2-9c573b5dd321"},"summary_title":"E. & H. 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Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)"},{"value":"The painter's mark is that identified as for Pierre-Nicolas Pithou a\u00een\u00e9 who was the older brother of Nicolas-Pierre Pithou jeune (1750-1818), both of whom were unusual among S\u00e8vres painters in undertaking portraits, and were among the first to work on hard-paste. Pierre-Nicolas Pithou, was employed at the factory from 1757 until his retirement in April 1790 and Nicholas-Pierre from 1759\/6-7, 1769-95 and 1814-18. However, in the records of payments to painters for 1777-80 (Vj 1, fol. 231) on 18 July 1777, two gobelet litron 2 (second size) with \u2018Teste de Voltaire\u2019 are listed under Pithou jeune\u2019s work for 1777 but without the amount paid being cited."},{"value":"The profile was probably based on the bust of Voltaire for which models were produced by the S\u00e8vres factory in 1767. This is traditionally attributed to Jean-Claude-Fran\u00e7ois Rosset (1793\/6-86), but without documentary evidence. An example is in the British Museum (1988,7-1,2)."},{"value":"This gobelet litron is of the second size (between 6.5cm and 7 cm high) made at S\u00e8vres which was used mainly for tea, but also for coffee and chocolate. The saucer is of the first size (between 14.3 cm. to 15.5 cm in diameter), a little larger than the first size (between 13 to 14.2 cm). Occasional matching of cups and saucers of different sizes was not unusual at S\u00e8vres. 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The text states that 'Both Pithou jeune and Pithou a\u00eesn\u00e9 painted cups with studies of Marie Antoinette in 1777, but l'a\u00eesn\u00e9's is referred to as a 'portrait', while Pithou jeune painted a 'tete de la Reine' on 21 January.'","page":"49","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2710","uid":"adlib-publication-2710","uuid":"ab7c6469-d3a6-3f1f-af02-9a875b7770ba"},"summary_title":"The Hector Binney Collection, European Ceramics, Continental Furniture and Works of Art"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-9044","uid":"adlib-term-9044","uuid":"99dcb503-1a64-3792-8a40-48eda95dd763"},"summary_title":"Neoclassical"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107532","uid":"adlib-term-107532","uuid":"f00fbddb-30d4-39ff-bcf3-a87fbac64158"},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"}},"summary_title":"cup and saucer","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"clear"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-27616","uid":"adlib-term-27616","uuid":"61e6a95d-84c8-3893-b6c8-213392262987"},"summary_title":"glazing (coating)"}}],"title":[{"value":"Gobelet litron et soucoupe"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-82570","_score":17.4164,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592996729000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-82570","indexed":1755194528118,"modified":1609849852000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-82570","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82570","uuid":"831e9a91-8b26-37ee-9fd7-9bf092bc2aae","version":7},"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161362","uid":"adlib-agent-161362","uuid":"d1288bdc-73de-34c6-86d1-0acf56e103d7"},"summary_title":"Gould, Cecil"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, pale green, greyish-green, yellow, brownish-orange, dark pink, and mauve"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"in blue, pale green, greyish-green, yellow, brownish-orange, dark pink, and mauve enamels"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}]},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","units":"cm","value":"13.5"}]},"name":"Foot"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-115","uid":"adlib-term-115","uuid":"94d65983-dea2-361b-b187-a968c98ab1d8"},"summary_title":"Nature"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Soft-paste porcelain painted in polychrome enamels with bouquets of flowers and gilded"},{"value":"Soft-paste porcelain, moulded, and decorated with painting in blue, pale green, greyish-green, yellow, brownish-orange, dark pink, and mauve enamels, and gilding. The glaze is slightly speckled inside and outside. The vase stands on a D-shaped solid base. The back of the bowl is almost flat with a depression on either side of the centre. The front is curved, and divided into two lobes, separated by stylised palms in relief which curve below each lobe and rise to form small handles at each end. The wavy upper edge is divided and folded back at each end. Each of the lobes is painted with a bouquet of flowers. The relief leaves are touched with blue and gold; the upper edge is feathered in blue, and there are gold bands round the upper edge, and round the edge of the base.\nA pair with C.4B-1955."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.4A-1955","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.4A-1955"},{"priref":"82570","type":"priref","value":"82570"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82570","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82570"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"the dots are one above the other"}],"location":"on base","method":"painted in blue enamel onto the unglazed body","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced, foliate Ls with a group of three dots above, three in the centre and one below"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"an illegible inscription in which some letters are readable"}],"location":"on base","method":"hand-written, probably in ink, appearing pale brown","type":"inscription"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the Leverton Harris Fund"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161362","uid":"adlib-agent-161362","uuid":"d1288bdc-73de-34c6-86d1-0acf56e103d7"},"summary_title":"Gould, Cecil"}],"date":[{"earliest":1955,"latest":1955,"value":"1955-05-26"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1955-05-26"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1751,"from":{"earliest":1751,"era":["CE"],"latest":1751,"precision":"circa","value":"1751"},"latest":1752,"note":[{"value":"Perhaps c.1750-1, see documentation Eriksen and Bellaigue, 1987"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1752,"era":["CE"],"latest":1752,"value":"1752"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-140732","uid":"adlib-agent-140732","uuid":"1cccf6bc-5e51-3e11-a849-d05785821974"},"summary_title":"Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory"}],"note":[{"value":"This open bowl-like flower vase, is likely to have been the form referred to in the Vincennes factory's records as a 'cuvette \u00e0 fleurs' or a 'pot \u00e0 fleur'. With its pair, C.4B-1955, it may have formed part of a garniture of three vases, with a larger one in the centre. \n\nIn the absence of other wide bowl-like Vincennes flower vases during the early 1750s, Eriksen and Bellaigue  (see Documentation 1987) identified this form as probably corresponding to a garniture of vases, listed twice, once as 'vases \u00e0 fleurs' and again as 'cuvettes \u00e0 fleurs' in the probate inventory of Jean-Henry-Louis Orry de Fulvy (1703-51), which was begun on 26  May 1751, and is now in the Archives Nationales.  In the inventory of the factory's stock taken of 1 October 1752 among the glazed wares there were five chimney garnitures in the form of bowls for flowers each defective costing 100 livres and amounting to 500 livres, which were still unsold in the inventory of 1 April 1753. (MNS I 7,p. 23) The report of the biscuit firing of 4 November 1752 included under moulded ware, one 'cuvette a fleur' of the first size and two of the second size which seems likely to have been another garniture of this type.  (Ledger in the Institut de France, MS 5673, p. 3. ) \n\nIt seems plausible to imagine that the large central vase resembled the one filled with an arrangement of porcelain flowers on metal stems acquired by the Mus\u00e9e national de C\u00e9ramique, S\u00e8vres in 1983 (MNC 25058). The museum already owned a pair of matching smaller bowls. (MNC 24427.1, 2), similar to the Fitzwilliam\u2019s but having pink edges, which suggests that they may have been decorated before July 1751 when the factory's chemist, Jean Helot, introduced a blue enamel. The Fitzwilliam's examples were probably made between that date and the introduction of the date lettering system in 1753. Another of the smaller size bowls with pink edges is in the Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio (71.147), and another with blue edges was sold at Christies, New York, on 24 October 2012, lot 21.  The bowls were also made with turquoise grounds."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis XV"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113744","uid":"adlib-term-113744","uuid":"da105475-9705-3ee7-94ad-24892e6217d4"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Val-de-Marne"}],"summary_title":"Val-de-Marne","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Vincennes"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"except underside of base; presumed 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Eriksen and Bellaigue suggest a date of c. 1750-1. Nothing resembling them was listed in the 1752 stock list.","page":"234-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2708","uid":"adlib-publication-2708","uuid":"8bd0fe01-f1e7-391a-9790-39dfbcf6c941"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain: Vincennes and S\u00e8vres 1740-1800"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3650","uid":"adlib-publication-3650","uuid":"a6c9b778-9484-30c5-8834-65c60bb2e6ba"},"summary_title":"Important Continental Porcelain and Pottery"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3664","uid":"adlib-publication-3664","uuid":"f25efea3-7517-3d67-8795-3fed23e56bde"},"summary_title":"Sotheby's Sale Catalogue, 29th-30th March 1971"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 76, nos. 155-6, further examples, a pair in the Mus\u00e9e national de C\u00e9ramique, S\u00e8vres (MNC 24427 1 and 2).The Fitzwilliam's pair are mentioned, p. 75. See also p. 75, no. 154, a larger vase with porcelain flower arrangement then in a private collection, since 1983 also at S\u00e8vres  (MNC 25058).","page":"pp. 75-6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3134","uid":"adlib-publication-3134","uuid":"3aca7c2c-770f-3903-8496-0510265bed08"},"summary_title":"Porcelaines de Vincennes, Les Origines de S\u00e8vres"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 132, fig. 27, the pair at S\u00e8vres which have pink edges. 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Both cup and saucer have a four-lobed oval outline with curving sides. The cup has a harp-shaped handle with a kick at the lower end. Both are decorated with sprays of polychrome flowers and foliage, some outlined in black. On the cup a long leaf has been painted at the lip to the right of the handle to conceal a defect in the glaze. 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Neither piece has a suspension hole in its footring, which  suggests that they were made before 1752."}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1752,"era":["CE"],"latest":1752,"precision":"circa","value":"1752"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-140732","uid":"adlib-agent-140732","uuid":"1cccf6bc-5e51-3e11-a849-d05785821974"},"summary_title":"Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory"}],"note":[{"value":"This form, described as a gobelet or tasse \u00e0 quatre pans ronde, made with or without a handle,  was being made by 9 July 1749 when one of the factory's painters, Louis-Denis Armand l\u2019ain\u00e9, signed and dated a handleless cup decorated with the different enamel colours then available.  Seven examples were mentioned in the inventory taken on the death of the director, Jean-Henry-Louis-Orry de Fulvy (3 May 1751), which was begun on 26 May 1751. The factory's stock inventory of 1 October 1752 listed  thirty-five mediocre cups decorated with flowers and gold at 6 livres, and fifteen at 4 livres  in the sale room.  The form was derived from a quatrefoil Meissen cup and saucer produced in the 1730s, and for that reason was later described as a 'Tasse Saxe'. \n\nThe decoration on early examples was inspired by Meissen landscapes or floral decoration. This cup and saucer are painted in the Meissen Holzschnittblumen (wood-cut flowers) style, with black used for stems and contours of leaves of the floral sprays or sprigs. This style of decoration was used on various Vincennes forms such as toilet jars, chamber pots, teapots, mustard pots, and bottle coolers. \n\nExamples similarly decorated with floral sprays and sprigs include a cup and saucer in the Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris (19685 A & B) which has the same mark on its cup as on this saucer; a cup without a saucer in the Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, County Durham (inv. no. X2307, from the Founders John and Josephine Bowes), and a handless cup and saucer is in the Belvedere Collection. 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The base has an eight-lobed edge decorated with eight moulded cockle shells alternately face up and face down. The foot of the vase has an eight-lobed edge and rises into an incurved stem which expands into the shallow bulb-shaped lower part of the vase. The sides of the vase are trumpet-shaped, and it has eight scallops round the rim.  On each side, is a handle rising from the foot into an elaborate scroll, joined to the widest part of the bulb and rising above to form a hollow foliated projection. The decoration is of alternating areas of bleu lapis lightly marbled with gilding and white panels painted on each side of the upper part with a spray of flowers which ignores the blue divisions. On the stem the white panels are decorated underglaze in blue with  four trefoil-shaped leaves with three dots above.The edges of the bleu lapis areas, the edges of the handles, the upper part of the base and the edges of the shells are gilded. A non-identical pair with C.9-1961"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.8-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.8-1961"},{"priref":"82587","type":"priref","value":"82587"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82587","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82587"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced Ls with a spot in the centre"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Louis C.G. 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The 'vase Duplessis' was made in four sizes, and in three main shapes, differing in details.  One, represented by the Fitzwilliam\u2019s pair, has a lobed foot and rim, and stands on either a low rocky base or a shell base. The body, rim, and handles but not the foot conform to an unsigned  drawing at the factory (R.1, liasse 3, dossier 6, fol. 2; fol. 1 shows outline minus handles).  It does not conform exactly to any of the three plaster models which survive, although its basic outline is similar to 'vase \u00e0 fleurs Duplessis uni' (see Documentation, Troude), The other versions were known as 'vase Duplessi enfants' and 'vase a fleurs Duplessis orn\u00e9' For illustrations of all three forms, see  Documentation, Roth and Corbeiller. \n\nExamples of the  'vase Duplessis' were fired in 1748  and in 1751 the posthumous inventory of the director, Jean-Henry-Louis Orry de Fulvy (1703-51) begun on 26 May 1751 mentions seven vases whose descriptions appear to corre\u00acspond to it, and which were described twice, once as part of his own estate and again on 15 September when it had been found that they belonged to the factory. Four sizes were mentioned among glazed and fire pieces in the inventory of 1 October 1752, of which the first size was the largest, and in the sale room there were nine decorated with a lapis ground and flowers but defective and only valued at 60 livres each. (MNS I 7 Inventaire g\u00e9neraux\/de la Manufacture 1752, p. 23-4 and p. 39).The first mention of the sale of a vase Duplessis in the marchand-mercier, Lazare Duvaux\u2019s 'Livre Journal' was on 16 January, 1752 to a M. Leonor La Resnaye, for 84 livres. The factory's sale ledger's record sales of vases Duplessis with a lapis (bleu lapis) ground and floral decoration on 25 January 1753  (Vy 1, p. 7 verso). three of the first size on 9 April 1753 (Vy 1, p. 11 recto), two of the first size on 19 July 1753, and three of the first size on 14 October 1754. \n\nIn addition to this one, seven vases Duplessis with bleu lapis grounds and scalloped rims are known, each decorated slightly differently with regard to the areas of ground colour and the shape of the handles and base: one in the Fitzwilliam Museum (C.9-1961) one in the Louvre (OA 7610) two in the Mineappolis Museum of Art (82.2.1 and 82.2.2), one in the Hermitage (3\u042423291), one in the Belvedere Collection (Catalogue no. 86), one with Adrian Sassoon, London, in Summer 2008 (inv. no. 979). 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The base has an eight-lobed edge decorated with eight moulded cockle shells alternately face up and face down. The foot of the vase has an eight-lobed edge and rises into an incurved stem which expands into the shallow bulb-shaped lower part of the vase. The sides of the vase are trumpet-shaped, and it has eight scallops round the rim.  On each side, is a handle rising from the foot into an elaborate scroll, joined to the widest part of the bulb and rising above to form a hollow foliated projection. The decoration is of alternating areas of bleu lapis lightly marbled with gilding and white panels painted on each side of the upper part with a spray of flowers which ignores the blue divisions. On the stem the white panels are decorated underglaze in blue with  four trefoil-shaped leaves with three dots above.The edges of the bleu lapis areas, the edges of the handles, the upper part of the base and the edges of the shells are gilded. The interior of the vase is undecorated"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.9-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.9-1961"},{"priref":"82613","type":"priref","value":"82613"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82613","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82613"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"crossed Ls with a dot between"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Louis C.G. 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The glaze is slightly speckled inside and outside. The vase stands on a D-shaped solid base. The back of the bowl is almost flat with a depression on either side of the centre. The front is curved, and divided into two lobes, separated by stylised foliage in relief which curve below each lobe and rise to form small handles at each end. The wavy upper edge is divided and folded back at each end. Each of the lobes is painted with a bouquet of flowers. The relief foliage is touched with blue and gold; the upper edge is feathered in blue, and there are gold bands round the upper edge, and round the edge of the base.\n\nAs a pair with C.4A-1955."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.4B-1955","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.4B-1955"},{"priref":"82572","type":"priref","value":"82572"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82572","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82572"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"the dots are one above the other"}],"location":"on base","method":"painted in blue enamel onto the unglazed body","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced, foliated Ls with a group of one dot above, and one inside the Ls"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the Leverton Harris Fund"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161362","uid":"adlib-agent-161362","uuid":"d1288bdc-73de-34c6-86d1-0acf56e103d7"},"summary_title":"Gould, Cecil"}],"date":[{"earliest":1955,"latest":1955,"value":"1955-05-26"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"The price was for the pair of vases"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1751,"from":{"earliest":1751,"era":["CE"],"latest":1751,"precision":"circa","value":"1751"},"latest":1752,"note":[{"value":"Perhaps  as early as 1750-1, see documentation Eriksen and Bellaigue, 1987"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1752,"era":["CE"],"latest":1752,"value":"1752"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-140732","uid":"adlib-agent-140732","uuid":"1cccf6bc-5e51-3e11-a849-d05785821974"},"summary_title":"Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory"}],"note":[{"value":"This open bowl-like flower vase, is likely to have been the form referred to in the Vincennes factory's records as a 'cuvette \u00e0 fleurs' or a 'pot \u00e0 fleur'. With its pair, C.4A-1955, it may have formed part of a garniture of three vases, with a larger one in the centre. \n\nIn the absence of other wide bowl-like Vincennes flower vases during the early 1750s, Eriksen and Bellaigue  (see Documentation 1987) identified this form as probably corresponding to a garniture of vases, listed twice, once as 'vases \u00e0 fleurs' and again as 'cuvettes \u00e0 fleurs' in the probate inventory of Jean-Henry-Louis Orry de Fulvy (1703-51), which was begun on 26  May 1751, and is now in the Archives Nationales.  In the inventory of the factory's stock taken of 1 October 1752 among the glazed wares there were five chimney garnitures in the form of bowls for flowers each costing 100 livres and amounting to 500 livres, which were still unsold in the inventory of 1 April 1753. (MNS I 7,p. 23) The report of the biscuit firing of 4 November 1752 included under moulded ware, one 'cuvette a fleur' of the first size and two of the second size which seems likely to have been another garniture of this type.  (Ledger in the Institut de France, MS 5673, p. 3. ) \n\nIt seems plausible to imagine that the large central vase resembled the one filled with an arrangement of porcelain flowers on metal stems acquired by the Mus\u00e9e national de C\u00e9ramique, S\u00e8vres in 1983 (MNC 25058). The museum already owned a pair of matching smaller bowls. (MNC 24427.1, 2), similar to the Fitzwilliam\u2019s but having pink edges, which suggests that they may have been decorated before July 1751 when the factory's chemist, Jean Helot, introduced a blue enamel. The Fitzwilliam's examples were probably made between that date and the introduction of the date lettering system in 1753 (or more likely 1754). Another of the smaller size bowls with pink edges is in the Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio (71.147), and another with blue edges was sold at Christies, New York, on 24 October 2012, lot 21.  The bowls were also made with turquoise grounds."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis XV"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113744","uid":"adlib-term-113744","uuid":"da105475-9705-3ee7-94ad-24892e6217d4"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Val-de-Marne"}],"summary_title":"Val-de-Marne","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Vincennes"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"presumed lead-glaze; except for the 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Eriksen and Bellaigue suggest a date of c. 1750-1. Nothing resembling them was listed in the 1752 stock list.","page":"p. 234","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2708","uid":"adlib-publication-2708","uuid":"8bd0fe01-f1e7-391a-9790-39dfbcf6c941"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain: Vincennes and S\u00e8vres 1740-1800"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3650","uid":"adlib-publication-3650","uuid":"a6c9b778-9484-30c5-8834-65c60bb2e6ba"},"summary_title":"Important Continental Porcelain and Pottery"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3664","uid":"adlib-publication-3664","uuid":"f25efea3-7517-3d67-8795-3fed23e56bde"},"summary_title":"Sotheby's Sale Catalogue, 29th-30th March 1971"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 75-6, nos. 155-6, two examples with pink edges in the Mus\u00e9e national de C\u00e9ramique, S\u00e8vres (MNC 24427 1 and 2) and p. 75, no. 154, a larger one in private collection, since 1983 also at S\u00e8vres (MNC 25058). 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The jug stands on a low, circular foot. The ovoid body contracts at the neck and then rises and flares out slightly to form a wavy-edged lip at the front. The handle springs from the rim and rises up slightly before curving outwards and downwards to meet the body at a point just above its junction with the foot. There is a band of white beading at the junction of the foot and body; stiff leaves in relief forming a calyx round the lower part of the body; and two husks and a cord in relief down the back of the handle. The ground is bleu c\u00e9leste, interrupted above and below the widest point by two reserved white bands between narrow gilt lines, painted with sprays of polychrome flowers separated by two gold husks. The wide bleu c\u00e9leste zone between them is decorated with gold rinceaux between which are two small and one large oval medallions, each painted en grisaille on a reddish-brown ground to resemble brown and white sardonyx cameos. The small medallions each contain a profile head: a Roman soldier and a young woman. The larger medallion has a scene with two Roman soldiers, the one on the right seated, probably Cincinnatus, and the one on the left standing. On the underside of the spout there is a circular reserve painted in polychrome with a wreath made up of two branches of different trees (? laurel and olive) tied with a bow at the bottom. At the top the branches meet on either side of a gold Imperial crown. Within the wreath is an E made up of flowers in monogram with II in gold, for Ekaterina II. The ground on either side is decorated with gold rinceaux. There is a gold band round the foot and a dentilated band and close-set strokes of different lengths round the lip. The leaves and husks in relief are gold and there are gold lines down the sides of the handles."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.47-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.47-1961"},{"priref":"93592","type":"priref","value":"93592"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/93592","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/93592"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's"}],"location":"on base","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"in script"}],"location":"on base","method":"painted in greyish-violet enamel","transcription":[{"value":"LG"}],"type":"gilder's mark"},{"location":"on base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"16"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on base below the 16","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"B2 or BZ"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"description":[{"value":"E made up of flowers with II in gold"}],"location":"on the side","method":"inscribed","transcription":[{"value":"E II"}],"type":"monogram"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. 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The other part comprised the pieces for dining. The service was remarkable for its immense size, 797 pieces including the biscuit figures for table decoration, and the speed with which it was made. It was the first wholly neoclassical service to be made at S\u00e8vres, and the forms were specially designed for it, the plates for example having smooth instead of lobed rims. The use of illusionistic cameos in the decoration reflected the Empress's interest in this aspect of antique art, and innovatory techniques were used to produce them .For descriptions of the service, see Savill (1988), Dawson (1994), and Peters ( 2005,  III) Four of the jugs are in the Hermitage in St Petersburg (see  Birioukova and Kazakevitch, (2005)."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106779","uid":"adlib-term-106779","uuid":"f0706fcd-d94c-3987-bcb5-f7f794332b6a"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis 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II, pp. 762-7, for the pieces components of the service, documentation, the commission, design, designers, completion, costs, payment, and technical aspects of the manufacture of the service, followed by extensive notes. See note 79 for a list of pieces not in the Hermitage, including the two in the Fitzwilliam Museum. Cf. pp. 467-72, two wine coolers C474-5, and pp. 472-79, four ice-cream coolers, C476-9","page":"762-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2709","uid":"adlib-publication-2709","uuid":"e4899c4a-b889-3004-9341-697b98920a9f"},"summary_title":"The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 141-44, no. 121, and colour pl. 20, a dessert plate (1948,12-3,13). 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