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The cylindrical cup has a scroll handle with leaf moulding on top. The circular saucer has deep sloping sides and a flat centre. The front of the cup is decorated with a tooled gold oval frame enclosing a head of Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Arouet, called Voltaire (1694-1778) in profile to left painted en grisaille in brown against a tomato-red ground. The frame is tooled with two zig-zag lines with cross binding at the cardinal points. The two sides are decorated with swags of small leaves, over which are pairs of cornucopia-like formal flowers pointing upwards, interlaced with pairs of palms pointing downwards, and round the handle is a wreath of larger leaves and berries. There are gilt bands round the lower edge and rim, and down the sides of the handle, which also has a formal leaf on its top. 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Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)"},{"value":"The painter's mark is that identified as for Pierre-Nicolas Pithou a\u00een\u00e9 who was the older brother of Nicolas-Pierre Pithou jeune (1750-1818), both of whom were unusual among S\u00e8vres painters in undertaking portraits, and were among the first to work on hard-paste. Pierre-Nicolas Pithou, was employed at the factory from 1757 until his retirement in April 1790 and Nicholas-Pierre from 1759\/6-7, 1769-95 and 1814-18. However, in the records of payments to painters for 1777-80 (Vj 1, fol. 231) on 18 July 1777, two gobelet litron 2 (second size) with \u2018Teste de Voltaire\u2019 are listed under Pithou jeune\u2019s work for 1777 but without the amount paid being cited."},{"value":"The profile was probably based on the bust of Voltaire for which models were produced by the S\u00e8vres factory in 1767. This is traditionally attributed to Jean-Claude-Fran\u00e7ois Rosset (1793\/6-86), but without documentary evidence. An example is in the British Museum (1988,7-1,2)."},{"value":"This gobelet litron is of the second size (between 6.5cm and 7 cm high) made at S\u00e8vres which was used mainly for tea, but also for coffee and chocolate. The saucer is of the first size (between 14.3 cm. to 15.5 cm in diameter), a little larger than the first size (between 13 to 14.2 cm). Occasional matching of cups and saucers of different sizes was not unusual at S\u00e8vres. 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Manners (Errol Manners), 66A Kensington Church Street, London, W9 4BY, from whom purchased."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. or Cf. Possibly the same as a similar cup and saucer then in a private collection, but the marks are not illustrated.","page":"48","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200000886","uid":"adlib-publication-200000886","uuid":"73ab93f4-9013-37fe-983f-99bf60343fc2"},"summary_title":"Voltaire et Fr\u00e9deric,. Une amiti\u00e9 comm\u00e9mor\u00e9e en porcelaine"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. See no. 113 the mark  Pt and p. 165, no 113 for the attribution of this mark to Pierre-Nicolas Pithou a\u00eesn\u00e9. On p. 164 Pithou jeune is mentioned in the factory records as painting portraits in 1777 and 1778 including one of Voltaire (Vj'I, fo. 231 ff).","page":"154","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2708","uid":"adlib-publication-2708","uuid":"8bd0fe01-f1e7-391a-9790-39dfbcf6c941"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain: Vincennes and S\u00e8vres 1740-1800"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. See Vol. I, p. 501 for a description of the development and use of the gobelet litron and the handle shapes, of which this example has shape B.  See Vol. III, p. 1061, for Pithou jeune, where the author notes that 'In documents it is sometimes difficult to distinguish him from his elder brother Pierre-Nicolas Pithou a\u00eesn\u00e9 who worked on similar subjects and sometimes collaborated with him.'","page":"501","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2709","uid":"adlib-publication-2709","uuid":"e4899c4a-b889-3004-9341-697b98920a9f"},"summary_title":"The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 195, no. 68, a white gobelet litron decorated with floral sprays, dated to 1747-49, h. 6.7 cm","page":"195","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3638","uid":"adlib-publication-3638","uuid":"9fdd0b21-49ec-37e9-9467-969617c4e941"},"summary_title":"La Porcelaine de Vincennes"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 792-3, under no. 196, for the origin of the term gobelet litron, the dates of introduction of the sizes, handles, and use. See p. 793, fig. 196.1, a reproduction of the drawing of 1 February 1753.","page":"792-3","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6636","uid":"adlib-publication-6636","uuid":"8a6e2d82-65e4-3d44-a739-2e4c393fd9c6"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 185-6, no. 150 Bust of Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Arouet, called Voltaire (1694-1778), c. 1767-73. See p. 186, note 4, for an alternative attribution for the source of the portrait","page":"185-6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3616","uid":"adlib-publication-3616","uuid":"7ae45eaf-b5a1-314c-856f-7e3419f1a94e"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain, A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Lot 144, a cup and saucer dated 1778 bearing a head and shoulders of Marie Antoinette in profile to right against a tomato-red ground, and bearing the mark of Pithou jeune, and gilder's marks of Vincent on the cup and Pr\u00e9vost on the saucer (marks not illustrated). Estimate \u00a34000-6000. The text states that 'Both Pithou jeune and Pithou a\u00eesn\u00e9 painted cups with studies of Marie Antoinette in 1777, but l'a\u00eesn\u00e9's is referred to as a 'portrait', while Pithou jeune painted a 'tete de la Reine' on 21 January.'","page":"49","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2710","uid":"adlib-publication-2710","uuid":"ab7c6469-d3a6-3f1f-af02-9a875b7770ba"},"summary_title":"The Hector Binney Collection, European Ceramics, Continental Furniture and Works of Art"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-9044","uid":"adlib-term-9044","uuid":"99dcb503-1a64-3792-8a40-48eda95dd763"},"summary_title":"Neoclassical"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107532","uid":"adlib-term-107532","uuid":"f00fbddb-30d4-39ff-bcf3-a87fbac64158"},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"}},"summary_title":"cup and saucer","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"clear"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-27616","uid":"adlib-term-27616","uuid":"61e6a95d-84c8-3893-b6c8-213392262987"},"summary_title":"glazing (coating)"}}],"title":[{"value":"Gobelet litron et soucoupe"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}}],"first_page_url":"?page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"?page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","active":false},{"url":"?page=1","label":"1","active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"","per_page":24,"prev_page_url":null,"to":1,"total":1}]