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Transfer printed design shows a seated allegorical figure of \u2018Sculpture\u2019 twisting to work on the hair of a bearded male head. In the background are a sculpted nude female figure and dolphin on a plinth; in the foreground, a book, tools and a plumb line. The figures and objects are filled with shaded blocks of colour. The woman\u2019s skirt is magenta and her classical top yellow. She wears brown Roman sandals and a sprig of green foliage in her brown hair. The back of the tile is pressed into coffered squares, unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.13-1983","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.13-1983"},{"priref":"15303","type":"priref","value":"15303"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15303","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15303"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"letters in the spaces of moulded grid pattern"}],"method":"pressed in relief","transcription":[{"value":"MINTON\/HOLLINS,\/& Co;\/PATENT\/TILE\/WORKS\/STOKE ON\/TRENT"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"in space of moulded grid pattern"}],"method":"pressed in relief","transcription":[{"value":"3"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"hand-painted in black","transcription":[{"value":"507"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the J.R.V. Smyth Fund."},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-158056","uid":"adlib-agent-158056","uuid":"d3404969-df00-35f3-84f7-498fbf3c2304"},"summary_title":"Eve, Joan"}],"date":[{"earliest":1983,"latest":1983,"value":"1983-06-13"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Price includes two other tiles"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1875,"from":{"earliest":1875,"era":["CE"],"latest":1875,"precision":"circa","value":"1875"},"latest":1880,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1880,"era":["CE"],"latest":1880,"value":"1880"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153867","uid":"adlib-agent-153867","uuid":"becae2e5-6f72-35bb-8087-e37b4176e7e7"},"summary_title":"Minton Hollins & Co."},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192328","uid":"adlib-agent-192328","uuid":"b3eeebc7-a738-3c22-aedd-cbc7580adddd"},"summary_title":"unidentified artist"}],"note":[{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793, originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. From the mid 1830s, new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares were introduced, and in 1844 the factory was commissioned to produce floor tiles to Pugin\u2019s designs for the new Palace of Wedminster. The 1840s also saw the introduction of dust-pressed tiles, made by pressing powdered clay into a moulding box, building on a process patented by Richard Prosser for making buttons. Dust-pressed tiles dry more quickly and are less likely to warp. Moreover, by introducing dies into the moulding box, a single press can produce relief decoration and a moulded back - a characteristic feature of dust-pressed tiles, which aids  bonding with mortar. In 1845, Herbert Minton took two nephews, Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins, into partnership. In 1868, following a dispute, Hollins left to set up a tile works trading as Minton, Hollins & Co., which continued successfully into 1950s, before merging with Johnson tiles. Mintons also continues to produce tiles."},{"value":"This tile is one of a series of allegorical figures representing The Arts. Three are in the Fitzwilliam Collection: \u2018Sculpture\u2019, \u2018Design\u2019 and \u2018Architecture\u2019, there may also have been others, perhaps including \u2018Music\u2019. The series was also produced in 6 inch tiles. These three tiles may originally have been displayed as plaques or inset as panels into a cabinet or washstand. The series is linked by a unified colour-scheme, similarly drawn and clothed figures and recurring attributes. The allegorical theme and dress are classical, but the setting, pose and bold colours give the tiles a more modern air. Although examples of this design are rare, tile series were popular at the time, with subjects ranging from \u2018agriculture\u2019 to \u2018musical instruments\u2019; another version of Arts and Sciences, designed by John Moyr Smith for Mintons China Works in c.1892, shows more classically posed figures."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Late"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-116524","uid":"adlib-term-116524","uuid":"2532ce61-8150-3256-b951-d5175a8faa11"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"20.7"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"20.7"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-12450","uid":"adlib-media-12450","uuid":"492d9eeb-3d3e-3ecb-823a-b6c446e45687"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/C_13_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616252409675,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/mid_C_13_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616252409675,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/C_13_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616252409675,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/preview_C_13_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616252409675,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107484","uid":"adlib-term-107484","uuid":"935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd"},"summary_title":"plaque"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Purchased from Mrs Joan Eve, Cambridge."}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15307","uid":"adlib-object-15307","uuid":"cb6bfab4-c2bb-3a5c-bf4b-b4f9bf7222af"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15309","uid":"adlib-object-15309","uuid":"325d69bc-1e4b-3c2d-a0c0-d1a1bc3ce040"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-74504","uid":"adlib-object-74504","uuid":"89020702-7eaf-37e6-aa85-9526884592f8"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-110143","uid":"adlib-term-110143","uuid":"7880ba6f-ffc7-3954-a9b0-88af32dbff6c"},"summary_title":"panel"}},"summary_title":"panel"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15302","uid":"adlib-object-15302","uuid":"df15d696-5363-3c1f-9a01-34bbf626c29b"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. no.305, a 6\u201d tile printed under-glaze with a near identical image of\u2018Sculpture\u2019, noting design registered 8 November 1875, and no.306 \u2018Music\u2019, in a similar style; 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Upper surface decorated with a geometric pattern of four floral motifs in white, buff and dark red-brown, inlaid after forming with a  plaster dye, and lead-glazed. 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The resulting indentations are then filled with different coloured slips (liquid clay); a thin layer of glaze is then applied before firing."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton (1765-1836), originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, his son Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"The sandwich construction of the tile combines a fine surface for the inlaid pattern with the robustness of the coarse clay centre and also prevents warping. The design here is made to be part of a continuing pattern.  The texture and bright colours of the finished tile echo Minton\u2019s coloured lead-glazed \u2018Majolica wares\u2019, introduced to great acclaim at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Majolica ware tiles were also popular in the latter part of the century, but generally used for wall or fireplace decoration."},{"value":"Tile making increased dramatically in 19th century Britain, encouraged by church building and restoration and by new concerns about public health. Minton lead the way in both innovation and the revival of mediaeval production methods, using recently re-discovered techniques to make inlaid (or encaustic) floor tiles for the Houses of Parliament and other major buildings, introducing dust-pressing methods and making a wide range of printed and moulded relief tiles."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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Although examples of this design are rare, tile series were popular at the time, with subjects ranging from \u2018agriculture\u2019 to \u2018musical instruments\u2019; another version of Arts and Sciences, designed by John Moyr Smith for Mintons China Works in c.1892, shows more classically posed figures."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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Transfer printed design shows a seated allegorical figure of \u2018Design\u2019 holding a mirror and a pair of dividers, leans on a decorated plinth. In the background are a sculpted nude female figure and dolphin on a plinth (representing sculpture) and a domed building (representing architecture); in the foreground, a palette and brushes (representing painting). The figures and objects are filled with shaded blocks of colour. The woman\u2019s dress is green, flowing over it is a magenta cloak or shawl. Her shoes and hair, and the plinth, are brown. The back of the tile is pressed into coffered squares, unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.14-1983","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.14-1983"},{"priref":"15307","type":"priref","value":"15307"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15307","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15307"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"in spaces of moulded grid pattern"}],"method":"pressed in relief","transcription":[{"value":"MINTON\/HOLLINS,\/& Co;\/PATENT\/TILE\/WORKS\/STOKE ON\/TRENT"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"pressed in relief","transcription":[{"value":"3"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"painted in dark magenta","transcription":[{"value":"511"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the J.R.V. Smyth Fund."},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-158056","uid":"adlib-agent-158056","uuid":"d3404969-df00-35f3-84f7-498fbf3c2304"},"summary_title":"Eve, Joan"}],"date":[{"earliest":1983,"latest":1983,"value":"1983-06-13"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Price includes two other tiles"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1875,"from":{"earliest":1875,"era":["CE"],"latest":1875,"precision":"circa","value":"1875"},"latest":1880,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1880,"era":["CE"],"latest":1880,"value":"1880"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153867","uid":"adlib-agent-153867","uuid":"becae2e5-6f72-35bb-8087-e37b4176e7e7"},"summary_title":"Minton Hollins & Co."},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192328","uid":"adlib-agent-192328","uuid":"b3eeebc7-a738-3c22-aedd-cbc7580adddd"},"summary_title":"unidentified artist"}],"note":[{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793, originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. From the mid 1830s, new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares were introduced, and in 1844 the factory was commissioned to produce floor tiles to Pugin\u2019s designs for the new Palace of Wedminster. The 1840s also saw the introduction of dust-pressed tiles, made by pressing powdered clay into a moulding box, building on a process patented by Richard Prosser for making buttons. Dust-pressed tiles dry more quickly and are less likely to warp. Moreover, by introducing dies into the moulding box, a single press can produce relief decoration and a moulded back - a characteristic feature of dust-pressed tiles, which aids  bonding with mortar. In 1845, Herbert Minton took two nephews, Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins, into partnership. In 1868, following a dispute, Hollins left to set up a tile works trading as Minton, Hollins & Co., which continued successfully into 1950s, before merging with Johnson tiles. Mintons also continues to produce tiles."},{"value":"This tile is one of a series of allegorical figures representing The Arts. Three are in the Fitzwilliam Collection: \u2018Sculpture\u2019, \u2018Design\u2019 and \u2018Architecture\u2019, there may also have been others, perhaps including \u2018Music\u2019. The series was also produced in 6 inch tiles. These three tiles may originally have been displayed as plaques or inset as panels into a cabinet or washstand. The series is linked by a unified colour-scheme, similarly drawn and clothed figures and recurring attributes. The allegorical theme and dress are classical, but the setting, pose and bold colours give the tiles a more modern air. Although examples of this design are rare, tile series were popular at the time, with subjects ranging from \u2018agriculture\u2019 to \u2018musical instruments\u2019; another version of Arts and Sciences, designed by John Moyr Smith for Mintons China Works in c.1892, shows more classically posed figures."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Late"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-116524","uid":"adlib-term-116524","uuid":"2532ce61-8150-3256-b951-d5175a8faa11"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"20.7"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"20.7"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-12451","uid":"adlib-media-12451","uuid":"5f66c5fe-f306-3a04-9062-26d8a7325c8b"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/C_14_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616256743529,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/mid_C_14_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616256743529,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/C_14_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616256743529,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa12\/preview_C_14_1983.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616256743529,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107484","uid":"adlib-term-107484","uuid":"935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd"},"summary_title":"plaque"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Purchased from Mrs Joan Eve, Cambridge."}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15303","uid":"adlib-object-15303","uuid":"03073fda-a817-3702-b681-ff1bc60fdd9f"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15309","uid":"adlib-object-15309","uuid":"325d69bc-1e4b-3c2d-a0c0-d1a1bc3ce040"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15302","uid":"adlib-object-15302","uuid":"df15d696-5363-3c1f-9a01-34bbf626c29b"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-74504","uid":"adlib-object-74504","uuid":"89020702-7eaf-37e6-aa85-9526884592f8"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-110143","uid":"adlib-term-110143","uuid":"7880ba6f-ffc7-3954-a9b0-88af32dbff6c"},"summary_title":"panel"}},"summary_title":"panel"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. no.305, a 6\u201d tile printed under-glaze with a near identical image of\u2018Sculpture\u2019, noting design registered 8 November 1875, and no.306 \u2018Music\u2019, in a similar style; p.189 \u2018Arts\u2019 series tiles by Moyr Smith.","page":"192-193","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1510","uid":"adlib-publication-1510","uuid":"f739d550-22fd-381e-b31e-2f6208b08465"},"summary_title":"Collecting Victorian Tiles"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. other examples of Minton tiles and information about dust-pressed and other methods of tile production.","page":"112-128,153","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7715","uid":"adlib-publication-7715","uuid":"29edbc25-dc1e-3d52-a24f-f12860415948"},"summary_title":"Tiles and Tilework of Europe"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. formation of Minton Hollins & Co.","page":"183-185","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3003","uid":"adlib-publication-3003","uuid":"642094f9-3e39-3eeb-90ea-42311670123e"},"summary_title":"Minton: The First Two Hundred Years of Design & Production"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2727","uid":"adlib-publication-2727","uuid":"02232f50-fd3b-3b8a-9687-1a8ff3f7c0d1"},"summary_title":"Minton 1798-1910"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7697","uid":"adlib-publication-7697","uuid":"78ab2e7d-b46a-3610-9abd-ab9839494cf3"},"summary_title":"Dictionary of Minton"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"concept","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-875","uid":"adlib-term-875","uuid":"aceffc81-8fd7-318e-834c-9aa67cc94f75"},"summary_title":"design"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"design"}],"summary_title":"design"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"dust-pressed earthenware moulded on one side, transfer-printed and hand-painted."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120099","uid":"adlib-term-120099","uuid":"3bf1805b-c754-33c7-821e-078d5216c6c0"},"summary_title":"dust-pressing"}},{"note":[{"value":"black"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-27516","uid":"adlib-term-27516","uuid":"4ca4faa9-b8b1-339a-abe0-8b8a8a4a647f"},"summary_title":"transfer-printing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}],"title":[{"value":"'Design' tile"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-75411","_score":16.757633,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592991044000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-75411","indexed":1754330635214,"modified":1754303260000,"processed":1754330624263,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-75411","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75411","uuid":"b1ef0c69-cf68-3131-a98f-ea557d4e00e5","version":6},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-133689","uid":"adlib-term-133689","uuid":"4ef26466-81ce-3d12-aa11-d9f705180c56"},"summary_title":"majolica ware"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-122641","uid":"adlib-term-122641","uuid":"d5fb75d8-097d-3fd7-8e70-87e9d96d77f7"},"summary_title":"glazing"}}]}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware, moulded in relief, majolica glaze decoration"},{"value":"Circular plate with moulded ridge running around inner and outer sides of rim. Centre decorated with a raised design incorporating eight ears of wheat radiating from a geometric leaf and flower motif , surrounded by a strip of stylised leaves. Rim decorated with the motto \u2018WASTE NOT WANT NOT\u2019, in Gothic lettering, the words separated by floral motifs. The letters are glazed deep blue,  other parts are clear glazed. The underside is recessed, forming a pronounced foot-rim, and glazed. A suspension hole has been drilled through one of the floral motifs on the rim."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.52-1972","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.52-1972"},{"priref":"75411","type":"priref","value":"75411"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75411","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75411"}],"inscription":[{"location":"underside","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"MINTONS \/ BB"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"(script-type letter)"}],"location":"underside","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"E"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"(Roman type)"}],"location":"underside","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"E"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"underside","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"430"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"tiny oval stamp containing cross"}],"location":"underside","method":"impressed","type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Bought using the Perceval Fund and a Grant-in-Aid from the Victoria and Albert Museum"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160895","uid":"adlib-agent-160895","uuid":"a1eb7880-da59-3f1e-96f8-35488a6c8c56"},"summary_title":"Stainton, Thomas"}],"date":[{"earliest":1972,"latest":1972,"value":"1972"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1972-10-19"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1875,"era":["CE"],"latest":1875,"note":[{"value":"dated"}],"value":"1875"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153865","uid":"adlib-agent-153865","uuid":"853be336-7cfb-32d1-aa54-fb4dff401cf0"},"summary_title":"Minton & Co."},{"@link":{"qualifier":"(from 1873)","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192318","uid":"adlib-agent-192318","uuid":"44c204bb-e5d3-3e5f-a7cd-7f9bae4b2916"},"summary_title":"Mintons Ltd"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"designer"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-111263","uid":"adlib-agent-111263","uuid":"e4a27eac-d26a-3f1a-b0f7-b241d1cd4ffd"},"summary_title":"Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore"}],"note":[{"value":"Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812-1852) was a leading proponent of the Gothic style and believed it could be successfully applied to all designs, from domestic tableware to church interiors. A three-coloured, inlaid version of this plate was shown at the Birmingham Exhibition of 1849 and an engraving was printed in the Journal of Design the following year. The design, listed in the Minton ornamental shape books as \u2018430 Tray, bread, Pugin\u2019s \u2018WASTE NOT WANT NOT\u2019, encaustic (M)\u2019, was available for many years, produced with either inlaid (encaustic) design or in relief-decorated Majolica (the final \u2018M\u2019 in the shape book indicates Majolica).  On this Majolica example, the factory mark indicates a date after 1873, which is confirmed by the impressed year mark for 1875."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793,  originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. Minton encaustic tiles, designed by Pugin c.1850, featured extensively in Pugin\u2019s designs for the interior of the new Palace of Westminster and wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 were introduced, to great acclaim, at the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"The ears of wheat in the design symbolise bread, indicating the function of the plate. The motto \u2018waste not want not\u2019, first recorded in 1772, would have had special meaning when Pugin designed the plate, at the end of a decade when many people went hungry. An earlier version, \u2018willful waste makes woeful want\u2019 was in use from c.1576."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Late"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-116524","uid":"adlib-term-116524","uuid":"2532ce61-8150-3256-b951-d5175a8faa11"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"34.3"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"2.5"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-45140","uid":"adlib-media-45140","uuid":"9c685891-c23b-37cb-a712-446d65745bb1"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/mid_C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/preview_C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-45141","uid":"adlib-media-45141","uuid":"99b18b3a-ea64-39cb-b01a-3c0c6bd2f3ae"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/mid_C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/preview_C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-117138","uid":"adlib-term-117138","uuid":"e2a9f298-5d84-3e66-84d5-5fd4649077be"},"summary_title":"bread plate"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"From the Charles & Lavinia Handley-Read Collection. Purchased from the executor, Thomas Stainton, 1972."}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-75074","uid":"adlib-object-75074","uuid":"0ab6e574-5d63-3b95-9483-a1466ae80dac"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-88137","uid":"adlib-term-88137","uuid":"eeab1777-4158-31f4-8f8a-0015cb1910f7"},"summary_title":"ewer"}},"summary_title":"ewer"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-75036","uid":"adlib-object-75036","uuid":"4a8ee79b-3553-37ee-b325-693f7128447a"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}},"summary_title":"vase"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-74966","uid":"adlib-object-74966","uuid":"5d74eb4d-6d87-33d6-a1b3-d3ed5f8bffb8"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-91154","uid":"adlib-term-91154","uuid":"e8910136-0f36-3b86-960d-f7466393839d"},"summary_title":"tazza"}},"summary_title":"tazza"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-74920","uid":"adlib-object-74920","uuid":"a1038f68-ef6b-3650-b2c3-2ae0b59a7616"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-88137","uid":"adlib-term-88137","uuid":"eeab1777-4158-31f4-8f8a-0015cb1910f7"},"summary_title":"ewer"}},"summary_title":"ewer"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15302","uid":"adlib-object-15302","uuid":"df15d696-5363-3c1f-9a01-34bbf626c29b"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. an early example, with inlaid design in three colours, now in the V&A (C.46-1972). See pp.17-18 for factory and date marks.","page":"17-18","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2727","uid":"adlib-publication-2727","uuid":"02232f50-fd3b-3b8a-9687-1a8ff3f7c0d1"},"summary_title":"Minton 1798-1910"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. B39, an example with inlaid design.","page":"30","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1048","uid":"adlib-publication-1048","uuid":"3731e4a6-d392-3c17-9cbb-1cb7a099cfbb"},"summary_title":"Victorian and Edwardian Decorative Art , The Handley-Read Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. contemporary engraving of plate, made by Minton and design attributed to Pugin. See also Vol. III, p.88.","page":"Vol.II p. 97","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002963","uid":"adlib-publication-200002963","uuid":"8e90a81b-ad38-3148-b5ba-24f060b2f42a"},"summary_title":"Journal of Design and Manufactures"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7717","uid":"adlib-publication-7717","uuid":"cfc591c4-fcca-3992-be8b-eb0ca6658ce0"},"summary_title":"Design from 1860, Auction 18002,  21 April 2010"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Pugin design for bread plate with ill. of similar designs. See p.345 for listing in Minton shape book, p.379 for factory marks.","page":"53, 345, 379","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3003","uid":"adlib-publication-3003","uuid":"642094f9-3e39-3eeb-90ea-42311670123e"},"summary_title":"Minton: The First Two Hundred Years of Design & Production"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. a different design of bread plate by Pugin, no 368, motto \u2018Waste Not \u2013 Want Not \u2013 Spare Not\u2019.","page":"71","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7698","uid":"adlib-publication-7698","uuid":"47b18eed-f183-34ab-a010-3ed1821bbf58"},"summary_title":"Minton \u2018Majolica\u2019: an historical survey and exhibition catalogue"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7718","uid":"adlib-publication-7718","uuid":"34e60420-f402-3d01-a0dd-999df7025476"},"summary_title":"Pugin: a Gothic passion"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. re Pugin\u2019s links with Minton and bread plate exh. 1949. Also ill. design for a block printed soup plate. p.367 for Minton bibliography, pp.378-80 for marks.","page":"292-293","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7697","uid":"adlib-publication-7697","uuid":"78ab2e7d-b46a-3610-9abd-ab9839494cf3"},"summary_title":"Dictionary of Minton"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 173, no. 183, decorated in blue and red, Minton, 1851","page":"163-174","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002916","uid":"adlib-publication-200002916","uuid":"b85b802d-8d56-3271-85d1-4ae390599633"},"summary_title":"The Ceramic Designs of A.W.N. Pugin"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. marks, incl. \u2018best body\u2019 mark.","page":"440-442","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2663","uid":"adlib-publication-2663","uuid":"a2faf0b6-febd-3d16-82e0-6444a2dc48e7"},"summary_title":"Encyclopaedia of British Pottery and Porcelain Marks"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Minton majolica ware ewer & basin (ill.) and information about Minton majolica.","page":"110","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1030","uid":"adlib-publication-1030","uuid":"9cf77d50-a614-3947-8d0e-919f695fe7b0"},"summary_title":"Fitzwilliam Museum Handbooks, English Pottery"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10670","uid":"adlib-term-10670","uuid":"c8fcad8a-6e94-3268-a195-a27c0bf17540"},"summary_title":"Gothic Revival"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134012","uid":"adlib-term-134012","uuid":"160b5d6c-6f79-3344-ba71-1edd82c255bd"},"summary_title":"Birmingham Exhibition, 1849"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-117138","uid":"adlib-term-117138","uuid":"e2a9f298-5d84-3e66-84d5-5fd4649077be"},"summary_title":"bread plate"}},"summary_title":"bread plate","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"relief moulded earthenware with Majolica glazes"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-111179","uid":"adlib-term-111179","uuid":"be5c887b-c0ed-3d89-82b2-c3a870e72a68"},"summary_title":"moulding"}}],"title":[{"value":"Pugin bread plate"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-74920","_score":16.757633,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999652000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-74920","indexed":1754330645442,"modified":1714467790000,"processed":1754330624263,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-74920","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74920","uuid":"a1038f68-ef6b-3650-b2c3-2ae0b59a7616","version":6},"agents":[{"@link":{"note":[{"value":"Art Director of Minton"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192154","uid":"adlib-agent-192154","uuid":"008703e9-2a85-3b84-a33f-7620291deb49"},"summary_title":"Arnoux, Leon"},{"@link":{"note":[{"value":"1813-57; designer of forms"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-173234","uid":"adlib-agent-173234","uuid":"f45c17a6-8606-3224-b71e-f1a1926aedfd"},"summary_title":"Jeannest, Pierre Emile"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-150829","uid":"adlib-agent-150829","uuid":"12e8b411-c52f-3a3a-99ed-a862ffafad8e"},"summary_title":"Triton"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-133689","uid":"adlib-term-133689","uuid":"4ef26466-81ce-3d12-aa11-d9f705180c56"},"summary_title":"majolica ware"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-32638","uid":"adlib-term-32638","uuid":"97b8d1a5-7b8f-3a2a-a275-7d001aeaae2b"},"summary_title":"enamel"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Depth","units":"cm","value":"56"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"8"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"62.5"}]},"name":"Stand"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"75"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"33"}]},"name":"Ewer"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-1111","uid":"adlib-term-1111","uuid":"46c949dd-f376-3538-878f-397baee5be09"},"summary_title":"mythology"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware ewer and stand, moulded in several parts and decorated with applied high relief figures, green, ochre, buff and magenta majolica glazes  and blue enamel."},{"value":"The ewer is of classical shape with a small foot, ovoid body, tall neck and scrolled rim. The highly ornate loop handle which extends above the rim is modelled as Triton, a merman bending backwards and clutching his bifurcated foliate tail. A moulded mermaid is applied below the spout, her arms spread as on the prow of a ship.  The body is decorated with applied green foliage set on a magenta ground, two moulded masks and four large oval turquoise panels.  The underside is hollow and clear-glazed, except for a broad foot-rim, with a central metal wing-nut bolting the base to the body."},{"value":"The stand is oval with a wide flared rim. Around the rim are four more moulded masks, holding oak-leaf swags over four slightly convex, plain turquoise ovals.  The circular centre is mid-blue, encircled by a thin band of ochre and a wider band of green foliage on magenta ground. The underside is clear glazed."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"C 19","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1072","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1072","uuid":"5f0c5c3b-ca10-352c-8c84-8027304959ff"},"summary_title":"Victorian and Edwardian Decorative Art - The Handley-Read Collection"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1682","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1682","uuid":"4e7148c5-e3d5-3b39-8195-7ad42d347c5f"},"summary_title":"Variations on Ceramic Themes, Big is Beautiful?"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.40 & A-1972","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.40 & A-1972"},{"priref":"74920","type":"priref","value":"74920"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74920","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74920"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"circle with protruding line"}],"location":"underside of stand","method":"impressed","type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"A or triangle"}],"location":"underside of stand","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"A"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"smudge"}],"location":"underside of ewer","method":"painted in blue","type":"mark?"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the Perceval Fund and grant-in-aid from the Victoria and Albert Museum"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160895","uid":"adlib-agent-160895","uuid":"a1eb7880-da59-3f1e-96f8-35488a6c8c56"},"summary_title":"Stainton, Thomas"}],"date":[{"earliest":1972,"latest":1972,"value":"1972-10-19"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Check date of accession in register"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1856,"era":["CE"],"latest":1856,"note":[{"value":"date mark for 1856"}],"value":"1856"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153865","uid":"adlib-agent-153865","uuid":"853be336-7cfb-32d1-aa54-fb4dff401cf0"},"summary_title":"Minton & Co."},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"designer"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-173234","uid":"adlib-agent-173234","uuid":"f45c17a6-8606-3224-b71e-f1a1926aedfd"},"summary_title":"Jeannest, Pierre Emile"}],"note":[{"value":"At least five examples of this shape, designed by Pierre Emile Jeannest (1813-57), are known. This and another have plain turquoise panels. Others have finely painted narrative panels. One of these, now in the Victoria & Albert Museum (no.8107&A-1863), was painted by Thomas Allen with classical gods (after Polidoro da Caravaggio) while the stand shows the Labours of Hercules (after Lebrun). It was shown by Minton at the London International Exhibition of 1862. The shape, however, was in use earlier as indicated by the date-mark, 1856, on the Fitzwilliam example and an early listing in the Minton ornamental shape book 3, c.1854-62, which reads: \u2018616: \u2018Ewer and stand, Jeannest, with Triton handle, H.2\u20196\u201d \u2018. The Greek god Triton, son of Poseidon, was the messenger of the sea; he is typically represented as the merman seen here."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793, originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, Herbert Minton  (1793-1858) revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"Pierre-Emile Jeannest, (1813 \u2013 1857) was a French ceramic and silver designer. The son of a sculptor, he worked for Minton c.1846-1852, designing Parian figures, majolica ware and tableware. He later worked for Elkingtons, designing silver, whilst continuing to supply Minton designs as a freelance. He also taught the model class at Stoke School of Design."},{"value":"This is a particularly ambitious example of  mid-nineteenth century ceramics combining Renaissance sources with  innovation. Minton launched wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 at the Great Exhibition of 1851, to great acclaim. The new product took inspiration from  Italian  maiolica, tin-glazed earthenware with finely painted decoration, Della Robbia sculpture, and the brightly coloured lead-glazes favoured by Bernard Palissy. Other factories, including Wedgwood, followed suit, but Minton\u2019s Majolicaware  developed in the late 1840s was notable for an exceptionally wide  palette of glazes developed under the leadership of Art Director L\u00e9on 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Notes survival of a \u2018related drawing\u2019\n See p.17-18 for date mark.","page":"95-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2727","uid":"adlib-publication-2727","uuid":"02232f50-fd3b-3b8a-9687-1a8ff3f7c0d1"},"summary_title":"Minton 1798-1910"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7708","uid":"adlib-publication-7708","uuid":"30dc90f4-447b-3dfb-894c-45261c4cb67a"},"summary_title":"19th Century Furniture, Sculpture, Ceramics, Silver and Works of Art"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5707","uid":"adlib-publication-5707","uuid":"b6b6c845-9e48-324f-aa44-f8d7407d68a2"},"summary_title":"High Victorian Decorative Arts and Design"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 78, lot 449, sale 5 October 1993, illustrated, a very similar ewer with similar plain turquoise panels, but without stand. 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Two strap handles rejoin the body at the rim and are then joined by a continuous loop across the top. The surface is covered with incised and inlaid clay patterns, in light and dark brown, which imitate those used on 16th-century \u2018Henri II\u2019 or \u2018St Porchaire\u2019 ware. A light brown modelled dog sits atop the loop handle and unpainted relief decoration, including a bearded mask, putti and a rope circling the upper body; four incised straps decorate the foot. The underside is recessed, with a small central vent hole."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"G26","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1072","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1072","uuid":"5f0c5c3b-ca10-352c-8c84-8027304959ff"},"summary_title":"Victorian and Edwardian Decorative Art - The Handley-Read Collection"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.43-1972","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.43-1972"},{"priref":"75074","type":"priref","value":"75074"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75074","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75074"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the Perceval Fund and grant-in-aid from the Victoria and Albert Museum"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160895","uid":"adlib-agent-160895","uuid":"a1eb7880-da59-3f1e-96f8-35488a6c8c56"},"summary_title":"Stainton, Thomas"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1972-10-19"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1870,"from":{"earliest":1870,"era":["CE"],"latest":1870,"value":"1870"},"latest":1880,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1880,"era":["CE"],"latest":1880,"value":"1880"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153865","uid":"adlib-agent-153865","uuid":"853be336-7cfb-32d1-aa54-fb4dff401cf0"},"summary_title":"Minton & Co."},{"@link":{"qualifier":"possibly","role":[{"value":"designer"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192191","uid":"adlib-agent-192191","uuid":"c7e392c5-668a-3e9a-937f-f21eaf7e01d9"},"summary_title":"Arnoux, Joseph Francois Leon"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"decorator"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192190","uid":"adlib-agent-192190","uuid":"36e2c626-ea7f-3790-a100-3ee0296a3753"},"summary_title":"Toft, Charles"}],"note":[{"value":"Minton launched wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 at the Great Exhibition of 1851, to great acclaim. The new product took inspiration from Renaissance maiolica, but used brightly coloured lead-glazes and favoured sculptural forms rather than finely painted decoration. The Minton Art Director L\u00e9on Arnoux (1816-1902), however, sought to more directly reproduce Renaissance techniques and shapes, and in 1858 produced his first imitation of 16th-century French \u2018Henri II\u2019 inlaid earthenware (also known as \u2018Saint Porchaire\u2019 ware or \u2018Faience d\u2019Oiron\u2019). Many of Arnoux\u2019s designs. Charles Toft Snr. (1832-1909), who later became chief modeller for Wedgwood, specialised in realising this type of decoration during the 1860s-70s, drawing on Delange\u2019s book of all the known examples, published in 1861. Minton continued to offer \u2018Henri II\u2019 ware until c.1893."},{"value":"Only a limited number of pieces was produced, however, and mainly for display.  \u2018Henri II\u2019 ware was fragile and, as Colin Minton Campbell noted, \u2018it is very expensive, from the inlaying of the clays, and the effect is not equal to the cost\u2019 (Jones, 150). The geometric ornamentation was made by pressing metal dies into the unfired surface and then filling the depressions with clay. The relief decorations were moulded and applied. Although unlike Majolica ware in appearance, the glaze used is similar."},{"value":"Several versions of this example exist, including at the V & A Museum (CIRC.825-1920). These generally have an additional foot-plate and more painting on the relief decoration. 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Launched at the Great Exhibition of 1851, to great acclaim, wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 took inspiration from Italian maiolica, tin-glazed earthenware with finely painted decoration. Some Minton designers, such as Kirkby, favoured close imitation of Italian designs (as here),    though 19th-century \u2018Majolica ware\u2019 more often favours sculptural forms and brightly coloured lead glazes."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton (1765-1836) , originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, his son Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. 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The action takes place during the First Crusade (1095-99), when the Crusaders were trying to capture Jerusalem. During a night time battle, Clorinda was mortally wounded by Tancred, a Christian knight, to whom her identity was unknown. Knowing that death was close, Clorinda asked to be admitted to the Christian faith, and when Tancred removed her helmet, he was stricken with grief as he recognized her as the maiden with whom he had earlier fallen in love. \n.\nThe original marble sculpture of Clorinda by John Bell (1812-95) was exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 1848, and the Parian versions have 'JOHN BELL\/February\/1848' impressed into their backs. The model was intended as a companion to 'Dorothea' produced in 1847, which likewise shows a girl in male attire. Clorinda was initially made for Summerley's Art Manufactures, and was exhibited by Minton at the Great Exhibition in 1851. Clorinda is shown wounded and defeated, in a pose which does not convey the bravery and determination of her character, or the dreadful poignancy of her death. It was Minton Parian figure no. 203, and was one of the firm's most popular Parian models which remained in production for many years.  This model bears the factory's year cypher for 1876.\n\nFelix Summerley's Art Manufactures was an enterprise founded in 1847 by Henry Cole (1808-82) with a view to improving public taste by commissioning works of art and designs for useful objects from well known artists and designers, and having these produced for sale by selected manufacturers, such as Minton."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-140302","uid":"adlib-term-140302","uuid":"e2ee0a2b-cb3c-3aa3-a16d-fa138275b21d"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-97680","uid":"adlib-term-97680","uuid":"d0493beb-d54a-30ea-970d-e525d2e9403e"},"summary_title":"Victoria"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110455","uid":"adlib-term-110455","uuid":"5e7df88f-a1c2-39c8-a341-807aa544c9d0"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke-on-Trent"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106216","uid":"adlib-term-106216","uuid":"825b8379-ec94-388e-9a59-624e40c090d0"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"London"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37641","uid":"adlib-term-37641","uuid":"d33bd1e6-52fc-3822-a9ba-88f8aa268061"},"summary_title":"Parian (porcelain)"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"34.3"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"22.3"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"bought from Richard Graham, Northampton at the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham, Antiques Fair in 1999 by John Edward Trice, MA, LLM (1941-2022); 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Cf. p. 67, fig. 90 right, Clorinda and text below.","page":"57-8, 67","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3696","uid":"adlib-publication-3696","uuid":"5c3f4560-6fd0-3fcd-9629-de48b64bea5c"},"summary_title":"The Parian Phenomenon, A Survey of Victorian Parian Porcelain Statuary and Busts"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 73, no. K4. Clorinda Wounded by her Lover, the example formerly in the Minton Museum at Stoke-on-Trent.. p. 72, no. K3 Dorothea, the example formerly in the same museum.","page":"73, 72","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-992","uid":"adlib-publication-992","uuid":"e26b9de8-5607-3d6e-82c1-bba7d8cb57c4"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 113-30 Nineteenth Century Figures. Cf. p. 119, lower left pl., showing' Dorothea', 'Clorinda', and between them, 'Miranda'. 'Probably three of the most popular Parian figures, they were produced in white Parian, tinted Parian and multi-coloured Persian glazes.'","page":"113-30","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3003","uid":"adlib-publication-3003","uuid":"642094f9-3e39-3eeb-90ea-42311670123e"},"summary_title":"Minton: The First Two Hundred Years of Design & Production"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}},"summary_title":"figure","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"Parian porcelain, slip cast; the base has a narrow flange round its edge, and is open so that the interior of the lower part of the figure is visible"}],"note":[{"value":"in more than one part"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28383","uid":"adlib-term-28383","uuid":"1abc8fbe-1c71-3b7c-8a53-64d9cc93199f"},"summary_title":"slip casting"}}],"title":[{"value":"Clorinda"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}}],"first_page_url":"?page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"?page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","active":false},{"url":"?page=1","label":"1","active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"","per_page":24,"prev_page_url":null,"to":12,"total":12}]