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For information about the composition of the Salviati Service and suggested dating. The inventory entry mentioning the service is reproduced in pl. II., is on fol. 54 recto of the Libri di commercio e di amminiastrazione patrimoniale, serie III, 100, Inventario di masserizie, mobili, ecc., del 1583 di Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati, in the Archivio Salviati, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.","page":"30-46","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200001126","uid":"adlib-publication-200001126","uuid":"f8c16f31-e6f5-3e02-86c2-dc945990b6b1"},"summary_title":"Terra d'Urbino tutta dipinta a paesi con l'armi de' Salviati': the paesi service in the 1583 inventory of Jacopo di Alamanno Salviati (1537-1586)"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 292-4, no. 123, a broad-rimmed bowl from the Salviati Service. Wilson discusses the popularity of German landscapes in Italy. 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The service was probably made in 1576, the date on one of the dishes. The original extent of the service is unknown, but an inventory of 1751 mentioned 116 pieces, and 108 are known today.  Most of the service remains in Munich in the Residenzmuseum, and the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum. Two dishes are in the Mus\u00e9e nationale de C\u00e9ramique, S\u00e8vres, and two in the Fitzwilliam Museum, and one in the Petit Palais, Paris, the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, the Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, and the Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche, Faenza. Twp pilgrim flasks are in a private collection. The most detailed, and fully illustrated description of the service and its historical background was published in 2009 (see the Documentation). \nThe service is decorated in compendiario (summary or sketchy) style with scenes from the Bible, classical mythology, and Roman history. The inscription on this dish describes the scene as 'alone Caesar crosses the river which enters the sea between Gaeta and Taracina' [?] .The subject has not been satisfactorarily explained. Timothy Wilson identified the subject as probably Caesar attempting to cross the Adriatic in a small boat, from Appian, Civil Wars, II, 9, or rather being rowed down the river Alor or Apsus before being driven back by the wind and waves at its mouth. However, this event took place on the eastern shore of the Adriatic, while Gaeta is on the west side of Italy, north of Naples. The second place mentioned was probably Tarracina (Terracina), situated north of Gaeta on the Appian Way which led to Brindisi on the Adriatic. This is puzzling because, although a few streams enter the sea between the two towns, and there are two lakes inland, there are no large rivers in the area."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106402","uid":"adlib-term-106402","uuid":"7466a5d6-293f-3bbc-9672-fa9dd41712be"},"summary_title":"16th Century, 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See Chapter III for a discussion of the service pieces, and their manufacture, and Chapter IV for the sources of the designs and inscriptions. The various versions of the Do. Pi. mark are illustrated on pp. 292-3, and a concordance of the locations, inventory numbers and catalogue numbers of the pieces, on p. 293.","page":"192-3","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8949","uid":"adlib-publication-8949","uuid":"794c0fa0-1afd-3463-88a0-7554362169dd"},"summary_title":"F\u00fcrstliche Majolika. Das Majolika-Service f\u00fcr Herzog Albrecht V. von Bayern"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 333-5, II, 9, for the passage suggested by Timothy Wilson as the source for the scene. 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Painted in blue, yellow, and orange."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Caesar crossing a river in a boat"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-80721","_score":17.667477,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592970444000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-80721","indexed":1747246326819,"modified":1707222731000,"processed":1747245848890,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-80721","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/80721","uuid":"8ac4c405-6126-3c20-a923-5e58326982c5","version":5},"agents":[{"@link":{"note":[{"value":"Albrecht V of Bavaria (1528-79) ruled as Duke of Bavaria from 1550 to 1579."}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160702","uid":"adlib-agent-160702","uuid":"63fe321d-3c32-31b8-b6e7-a01c869f8f41"},"summary_title":"Albrecht V of Bavaria"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-21228","uid":"adlib-agent-21228","uuid":"468c82f5-84cb-3fe0-af82-60d6c2cf1c09"},"summary_title":"Caesar, Gaius Julius"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-207515","uid":"adlib-agent-207515","uuid":"7263b7e3-8eab-30d4-9276-919a93583523"},"summary_title":"Pompey"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108348","uid":"adlib-term-108348","uuid":"667e7a19-db33-3d85-bd9b-c2dafd8e02ff"},"summary_title":"tin-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42865","uid":"adlib-term-42865","uuid":"92be1d50-bb1c-3472-950f-b140ee6cdde9"},"summary_title":"maiolica"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113302","uid":"adlib-term-113302","uuid":"2747e058-f9ff-3d49-9bc9-c69e97b18c26"},"summary_title":"H.S. Reitlinger"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, yellow, and orange"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109546","uid":"adlib-term-109546","uuid":"b51de94f-8382-3b95-905a-0ff3f4165fc8"},"summary_title":"Roman history"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Renaissance maiolica broad-rimmed bowl, painted in blue, yellow and orange with A Battle between Caesar and Pompey."},{"value":"Earthenware, tin-glazed overall. Painted in blue, yellow, and orange. Shape approximately 59. Circular with broad sloping rim and deep well. A Battle between Caesar and Pompey. Troops of cavalry are drawn up on the right and left, the former moving forward to attack. Above, there is an oval shield charged with the arms of the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria below a coronet. At the bottom of the rim is an inscription: `cavaleria di popeo simoue\/cotra cesare' (Cavalry of Pompey advances against Caesar). A narrow blue band and a yellow band between two orange encircle the rim. The base is marked in brownish-orange `.DO.PI  .'."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no. 236","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1665","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1665","uuid":"63658816-1634-3848-a45b-3eee31f953ac"},"summary_title":"Ceramic Art of the Italian Renaissance"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1613","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1613","uuid":"14ebcb02-6902-3d77-86f1-2632430766a6"},"summary_title":"The Fine Art and Antiques Fair"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.179-1991","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.179-1991"},{"priref":"80721","type":"priref","value":"80721"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/80721","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/80721"}],"inscription":[{"location":"at the bottom of the rim","method":"painted in blue","transcription":[{"value":"cavaleria di popeo simoue\/cotra cesare"}],"type":"inscription"},{"description":[{"value":".DO with line over O .PI with circumflex over I followed by short dash"}],"location":"on the base","method":"painted in blue","transcription":[{"value":".DO.PI -"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"H.S. Reitlinger Bequest 1950; transferred from the Reitlinger Trust, 1991"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-150552","uid":"adlib-agent-150552","uuid":"566a6fcb-b8cd-3926-9bbf-78d0c4a5cc81"},"summary_title":"Reitlinger, Henry Scipio"}],"date":[{"earliest":1991,"latest":1991,"value":"1991-04-29"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"H.S. Reitlinger lived at 45 Princes Gate, London, SW7, until the house was requisitioned for the duration of the Second World War. His collection was put into storage. After the peace, it was exhibited in Basle in 1949, but negociations for it to find a home there failed. Reitlinger died in Austria in 1950, and in accordance with his will the Reitlinger Trust was established and a private museum was opened in Maidenhead."}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1576,"era":["CE"],"latest":1576,"precision":"circa","value":"1576"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"workshop"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160588","uid":"adlib-agent-160588","uuid":"1db6a775-3634-3daa-9506-68c2bd07276d"},"summary_title":"Bettisi, Leonardo di Antonio"}],"note":[{"value":"This dish bears the arms of the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria and formed part of a service which belonged to Albrecht V (1528; ruled 1550-79). The service was probably made in 1576, the date on one dish. The original extent of the service is unknown, but an inventory of 1751 mentioned 116 pieces.  Most of the service remains in Munich in the Residenzmuseum, and the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum. The service is decorated in compendiario (summary or sketchy) style with scenes from the Bible, classical mythology, and Roman history, The scene on this dish is  titled 'cavaleria di popeo simoue\/cotra cesare (cavalry of Pompey advances against Caesar), and probably represents the battle between Caesar and Pompey at Pharsalus in 48BC, described in Appian's, Civil Wars, II, 11. The Fitzwilliam has another dish from the service, C.180-1991."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106402","uid":"adlib-term-106402","uuid":"7466a5d6-293f-3bbc-9672-fa9dd41712be"},"summary_title":"16th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108597","uid":"adlib-term-108597","uuid":"3730ea9f-6a64-338b-bdbd-0662bf55b8d2"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Italy"}],"summary_title":"Italy","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Emilia-Romagna"}],"summary_title":"Emilia-Romagna","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Faenza"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39575","uid":"adlib-term-39575","uuid":"cdf6707a-1eeb-3622-a26b-6e54f1f8d4ab"},"summary_title":"tin-glaze"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"25.2"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"4.1"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-52938","uid":"adlib-media-52938","uuid":"51151f3b-7add-34d5-94ae-d4b69b2d00f6"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/C_179_1991.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":746}]},"modified":1616253992083,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/mid_C_179_1991.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":509},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616253992083,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/C_179_1991.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":746}]},"modified":1616253992083,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/preview_C_179_1991.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":255},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616253992083,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-133664","uid":"adlib-term-133664","uuid":"6d031125-af1e-3802-8fca-4c39f9702697"},"summary_title":"broad-rimmed bowl"}},{"value":"dish"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Henry Scipio Reitlinger (d.1950); the Reitlinger Trust, Maidenhead, from which transferred in 1991."}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same service"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-80732","uid":"adlib-object-80732","uuid":"0ee363c8-fddd-3020-8465-e519d6869075"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-133664","uid":"adlib-term-133664","uuid":"6d031125-af1e-3802-8fca-4c39f9702697"},"summary_title":"broad-rimmed bowl"}},"summary_title":"broad-rimmed bowl"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 150, no. 236","page":"p. 150","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3227","uid":"adlib-publication-3227","uuid":"93afae36-69d1-3a32-bcca-d2487b5e0af7"},"summary_title":"Ceramic Art of the Italian Renaissance"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pp. 265-6, no. 340","page":"pp. 265-6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3010","uid":"adlib-publication-3010","uuid":"e3e61863-a797-3051-8d0a-20288306ca36"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica and Incised Slipware in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pp. 92-3, no. 41","page":"pp. 92-3","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3378","uid":"adlib-publication-3378","uuid":"e4a41d6d-c98c-3959-bcb4-041c12eeb88c"},"summary_title":"Fitzwilliam Museum Handbooks, Italian Maiolica"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pp. 200-01, no. 59. This catalogue provides the most extensive coverage of the components of the service and its historical background. The dish dated 1576 illustrating the Arrest of King Syphax (Livy, Ab urbe condita, XXX, 17, 102) is pp. 182-3, no. 50. See Chapter III for a discussion of the service pieces, and their manufacture, and Chapter IV for the sources of the designs and inscriptions. The various versions of the Do. Pi. mark are illustrated on pp. 292-3, and a concordance of the locations, inventory numbers and catalogue numbers of the pieces, on p. 293.","page":"200-01","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8949","uid":"adlib-publication-8949","uuid":"794c0fa0-1afd-3463-88a0-7554362169dd"},"summary_title":"F\u00fcrstliche Majolika. Das Majolika-Service f\u00fcr Herzog Albrecht V. von Bayern"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113255","uid":"adlib-term-113255","uuid":"4cef6f98-cf2d-3154-b5a2-e64242d11478"},"summary_title":"compendiario"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-125761","uid":"adlib-term-125761","uuid":"bce2de03-432e-3676-bb62-4a5042d2c1d3"},"summary_title":"dining"},{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107516","uid":"adlib-term-107516","uuid":"146a0bfc-a677-3f01-8f8a-18d01ec5f2f2"},"summary_title":"shield"},{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-86565","uid":"adlib-term-86565","uuid":"bc602259-e2f4-3e4d-be03-a95033c9700a"},"summary_title":"spear"},{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110720","uid":"adlib-term-110720","uuid":"a3c10876-e889-3e8d-a458-73e817c04520"},"summary_title":"coat-of-arms"},{"@link":{"relation":"animal","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-78765","uid":"adlib-term-78765","uuid":"46e462e7-1543-3aaa-90c1-2562102b738f"},"summary_title":"horse (animal)"},{"@link":{"relation":"event","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-25033","uid":"adlib-term-25033","uuid":"0e0b06c5-b9e3-3bbf-ac54-a64fe1c980f9"},"summary_title":"battle"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"shield"}],"summary_title":"shield"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"spear"}],"summary_title":"spear"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"coat-of-arms"}],"summary_title":"coat-of-arms"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"horse (animal)"}],"summary_title":"horse (animal)"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"battle"}],"summary_title":"battle"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-133664","uid":"adlib-term-133664","uuid":"6d031125-af1e-3802-8fca-4c39f9702697"},"summary_title":"broad-rimmed bowl"}},"summary_title":"broad-rimmed bowl","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"earthenware, tin-glazed overall. Painted in blue, yellow, and orange."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"A Battle between Caesar and Pompey"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-79589","_score":17.667477,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592970439000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-79589","indexed":1756836093015,"modified":1756820443000,"processed":1756836091215,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-79589","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/79589","uuid":"43093897-a7fc-378f-a268-3572433e298d","version":11},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160374","uid":"adlib-agent-160374","uuid":"2b38ae2f-690b-3048-b9c7-0da25326ee3f"},"summary_title":"Hero"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160373","uid":"adlib-agent-160373","uuid":"0aaecf15-ba8b-3924-a7a8-65784d378975"},"summary_title":"Leander"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-150796","uid":"adlib-agent-150796","uuid":"ec5a0c8a-e54c-3735-adea-0fd5dd14f994"},"summary_title":"Cupid"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108348","uid":"adlib-term-108348","uuid":"667e7a19-db33-3d85-bd9b-c2dafd8e02ff"},"summary_title":"tin-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42865","uid":"adlib-term-42865","uuid":"92be1d50-bb1c-3472-950f-b140ee6cdde9"},"summary_title":"maiolica"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, greyish-green, yellow, orange, shades of brown, and black; the reverse is pale beige"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39575","uid":"adlib-term-39575","uuid":"cdf6707a-1eeb-3622-a26b-6e54f1f8d4ab"},"summary_title":"tin-glaze"}}],"name":"Decoration"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-1111","uid":"adlib-term-1111","uuid":"46c949dd-f376-3538-878f-397baee5be09"},"summary_title":"mythology"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware, tin-glazed, painted in blue, greyish-green, yellow, orange, shades of brown, and black; the reverse is pale beige and has several pin holes. Circular with wide sloping rim and shallow curved well, convex in the centre.\nThe front is decorated overall with the Suicide of Hero. In the foreground, Leander lies drowned in the Hellespont. On the right, a man seated on a rock looks towards him, raising his right arm. On the left, Cupid stands holding a flaming torch. In the background there is an archway inscribed 'AMOR.NE. CAVSA' (Love is the cause of it), the lower part of a tower, and a doorway with a window above. Hero is shown throwing herself from a window in the tower. The edge is encircled by a very narrow black band and a wide yellow band. The back is decorated with a wreath of blue leaves on a continuous wavy stem. The base is inscribed in blue, 'Leandro in Mare &.\/Hero alla finestra\/.61.\/.S."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.21-1995","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.21-1995"},{"priref":"79589","type":"priref","value":"79589"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/79589","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/79589"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on arch","method":"painted","transcription":[{"value":"AMOR.NE.CAVSA"}],"type":"inscription"},{"location":"on base","method":"painted","transcription":[{"value":"Leandro in Mare &.\/Hero alla finestra\/.61.\/.S."}],"type":"inscription"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the F. Leverton Harris Fund and the Leonard D. Cunliffe Fund"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"date":[{"earliest":1995,"latest":1995,"value":"1995"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1995"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1561,"era":["CE"],"latest":1561,"note":[{"value":"dated '61'"}],"precision":"dated","value":"1561"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160372","uid":"adlib-agent-160372","uuid":"02812d23-6ab3-39e0-a4c3-f8e746eed805"},"summary_title":"Sforza di Marcantonio"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"printmaker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-97017","uid":"adlib-agent-97017","uuid":"50d126f7-214f-3e19-b339-bffa736d939b"},"summary_title":"Veneziano, Agostino"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"printmaker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-35821","uid":"adlib-agent-35821","uuid":"7864b6fe-8b62-333d-b6ff-dcc5decb8942"},"summary_title":"Dente, Marco (Marco da Ravenna)"}],"note":[{"value":"During the second and third decades of the sixteenth century the maiolica industry in Pesaro was less flourishing than in the previous century. This situation improved after Guidobaldo II della Rovere succeeded to the dukedom of Urbino in 1538, because he preferred to live at Pesaro. The presence of the court stimulated local industries, and from around 1540 Pesaro became a significant producer of istoriato maiolica, that is, painted with narrative scenes."},{"value":"Hero was a priestess of Venus at Sestos. Leander, her lover, used to swim the Hellespont to see her, guided by a torch which she held up from the window of a high tower. One night in winter, when Hero had begged him to come despite the inclement weather, he was drowned, and she committed suicide by throwing herself from the tower. The lovers were mentioned in Ovid's Heroides, 18 and 19."},{"value":"Sforza di Marcantonio da Casteldurante was recorded as a potter, and sometimes also as a painter in documents in Pesaro between in 1550 and 1552, and almost every year from 1563 until 1580, when he made his will on 17 November, and probably died shortly after. He signed himself 'SFORZA' on two panels dated 1567, respectively in the British Museum and the Museo Civico Medievale, Bologna. Dishes signed '.S.' in 1561, as this one is, and in some years up to and including 1576, are attributed to him on the basis of similarities with these panels. Sforza's choice of subjects, iconography, and inscriptions suggest that during the late 1530s he had been contact with the Urbino maiolica painter, Francesco Xanto, whose latest signed works are dated in 1542. Several of Sforza's designs closely follow those on plates by Xanto, who painted several dishes with versions of 'Hero and Leander' between 1532 and 1538. Xanto probably knew the story from a translation of Ovid's Heroides, but on the backs of the dishes he quoted from Francesco Petrarch's Trionfi, III, 21 'Leandro in mare ed Hero a la fenestra'  (or Trionfi, II in editions with commentary by Bernardo Ilicini, first published in 1475).  The first dish decorated with this subject which is attributed to Sforza was painted in 1546 (Christie's, 25 May 1962, lot 110); the latest, in the Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig, is dated 1576, and initialled '.S.'  Both, like the Fitzwilliam's dish, have an inscription from Petrarch, and the figure of Leander used by Xanto, which was taken from a Marcantonio Raimondi school print, known as the 'Battle with the Cutlass' by Marco Dente (Bartsch, XIV, p 171, no. 211), or Agostino da Veneziano. The three dishes illustrate the persistence of popular themes over a long period, the influence of an outstanding maiolica painter on another, and the repetitive nature of much maiolica painting."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106602","uid":"adlib-term-106602","uuid":"bbb4c00f-eefa-3d64-9441-7a75aa07736e"},"summary_title":"16th Century"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113179","uid":"adlib-term-113179","uuid":"e74d25a1-07c3-3a30-b91b-004673211ee5"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Italy"}],"summary_title":"Italy","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"The Marches"}],"summary_title":"The Marches","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Pesaro"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"30"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"4.2"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-52825","uid":"adlib-media-52825","uuid":"f29d9a81-9e93-3fdd-9406-554647e4635c"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":748}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/mid_C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":508},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":748}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa19\/preview_C_21_1995.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":254},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742584149739,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-90855","uid":"adlib-term-90855","uuid":"b48207ec-774d-3e3e-8ab3-536996bc5dac"},"summary_title":"dish"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Purchased. Given to the vendor's husband by his mother, who bought it an antique shop."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Front cover, text p. 17","page":"p. 17","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-656","uid":"adlib-publication-656","uuid":"e34cd340-f467-31dd-b9f5-160b9af3268b"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum Annual Report, 1995"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pp. 76-7, no. 33","page":"76-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3010","uid":"adlib-publication-3010","uuid":"e3e61863-a797-3051-8d0a-20288306ca36"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica and Incised Slipware in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. pl. 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Dishes attributed to Sforza di Marcantonio, The dish dated 1576 is on p. 351, no. 496.","page":"345-51","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3402","uid":"adlib-publication-3402","uuid":"c8af0496-64ae-35b9-ad9f-d5671244769a"},"summary_title":"Italienische Majolika, Katalog der Sammlung"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3409","uid":"adlib-publication-3409","uuid":"24781af6-8b3f-3e49-b0e1-b76724c9bf6f"},"summary_title":"Ceramisti pesaresi nei documenti notarili dell'Archivio di Stato di Pesaro sec. XV-XVIII"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. See p. 94, n. 54 for reference to a document recording Sforza di Marcantonio's presence in Pesaro on 17 May 1548","page":"94","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-9105","uid":"adlib-publication-9105","uuid":"5cfdd45c-0379-3268-b5ba-70bf8826921a"},"summary_title":"Girolamo e Giacomo Lanfranco dalle Gabicce maiolicari a Pesaro nel secolo XVI,"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For the inscription from Petrarch","page":"228, 230-1","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200001099","uid":"adlib-publication-200001099","uuid":"221e4db2-30b4-37cc-8eac-7bed66fa4d24"},"summary_title":"Francesco Xanto Avelli and Petrarch"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 176-7, no. 129, a panel of the Dead Christ between the Virgin and St John, signed 'SFORZA' and dated 1567.","page":"176-7","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3388","uid":"adlib-publication-3388","uuid":"de185508-79d7-3c40-b470-36c015e8e566"},"summary_title":"Ceramiche occidentale del Museo Civico Medievale di Bologna"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Alessandro Bettini, 'La ceramica a Pesaro tra il XIV e il XVII secolo', pp. 31-95, on p. 79, no. 52 a shallow footed bowl decorated with the Holy family and Shepherds, dated 1543, attributed to the workshop of Girolamo Lanfrance. It had been suggested earlier by a different writer that this bowl might be by Sforza and therefore indicate that he had been in Pesaro at that date.","page":"79","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6388","uid":"adlib-publication-6388","uuid":"1f1298ea-c28b-3905-ad2b-fa59db7d742c"},"summary_title":"Fati di Ceramica nelle Marche dal Trecento al Novecento"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 68, no. 98, ill. p. 67, a panel of the Annunciation, signed SFORZA and  dated 1567.","page":"67-8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3227","uid":"adlib-publication-3227","uuid":"93afae36-69d1-3a32-bcca-d2487b5e0af7"},"summary_title":"Ceramic Art of the Italian Renaissance"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 251-2, no. 265, a plaque decorated with the Crucifixion with the Virgin, Magdalene and St John, attributed to Sforza di Marcantonio, and dated c. 1567 on the grounds of its similarity to the dated Annunciation plaque in the British Museum. The writer of this catalogue entry, Grazia Biscontini Ugolini, provides a survey of the known biography of Sforza and his work. She cites a notarial document of 1564 which states that he had a little workshop in the San Giacomo quarter of Pesaro. (ASP, notaio  Paolo Ubaldi, 26.5;n. 154 B 443 V.10 [1564])","page":"251-2","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3413","uid":"adlib-publication-3413","uuid":"8c672f50-56ae-3905-934c-aeda20f7cede"},"summary_title":"Milan, Museo d'Arti Applicate, Le ceramiche, Tomo primo"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 357-8, no. 211 a devotional panel of the Annunciation, signed 'SFORZA.D.P.' and dated 1567.","page":"357-8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6434","uid":"adlib-publication-6434","uuid":"4524f0a3-0484-3e51-8720-80332f8ac8a2"},"summary_title":"Italian Renaissance Ceramics: A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection, Volume I and Volume II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Vol. I, pp. 240-1, n. 728, vol. II, pl. 115. Inv. no. 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A dish decorated with Hero and Leander and dated 1535 by Xanto Avelli da Rovigo.","page":"Vol. I, 240-1","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1571","uid":"adlib-publication-1571","uuid":"4e0f6f47-bf3a-3285-8417-f9bff14edde2"},"summary_title":"Victoria and Albert Museum, Catalogue of Italian Maiolica"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3721","uid":"adlib-publication-3721","uuid":"3aa50429-7c36-35f8-899a-6ca6df495d5b"},"summary_title":"The Collections of the National Gallery of Art, Systematic Catalogue, Western Decorative Arts, Part I, Medieval, Renaissance and Historicizing Styles including Metalwork, Enamels, and Ceramics"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 80, no. 40, a plate decorated with Hero and Leander and signed 'historia y' attributed to Francesco Xanto Avelli,  in Urbino c. 1527-31.","page":"80","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8915","uid":"adlib-publication-8915","uuid":"53de1acc-24ac-39fd-8418-d4ffc3f13e3b"},"summary_title":"Tin-glaze and Image Culture: the MAK Maiolica Collection in its Wider Context"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3175","uid":"adlib-publication-3175","uuid":"ab8fd5be-66f6-3413-aa8c-217219863fd3"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of a Collection of Italian Maiolica belonging to Henry Harris"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 141-55, the author examines the influence of Xanto on Sforza di Marcantonio, and illustrates several dishes decorated with the same subject by both painters to demonstrate this.","page":"141-55","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003334","uid":"adlib-publication-200003334","uuid":"bda9612a-3804-36e3-8893-2bd2c0dd8ef4"},"summary_title":"Xanto e Sforza di Marcantonio"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107506","uid":"adlib-term-107506","uuid":"b8480578-e5b1-3a8d-af71-509dcdbb2223"},"summary_title":"torch"},{"@link":{"relation":"event","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113271","uid":"adlib-term-113271","uuid":"f26dffff-4dd0-3376-aa38-fa1718178346"},"summary_title":"Suicide of Hero"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"torch"}],"summary_title":"torch"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Suicide of Hero"}],"summary_title":"Suicide of Hero"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-90855","uid":"adlib-term-90855","uuid":"b48207ec-774d-3e3e-8ab3-536996bc5dac"},"summary_title":"dish"}},"summary_title":"dish","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"Earthenware, tin-glazed, painted in blue, greyish-green, yellow, orange, shades of brown, and black; the reverse is pale beige and has several pin holes."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-72547","_score":17.667477,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999591000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-72547","indexed":1756836093826,"modified":1714466776000,"processed":1756836091179,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-72547","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72547","uuid":"4e149444-dbcd-356a-b06f-7cb3631a3f55","version":6},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149696","uid":"adlib-agent-149696","uuid":"c1d7b5bf-63d4-3ba4-a080-9810b80bf16c"},"summary_title":"Christ"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-154083","uid":"adlib-agent-154083","uuid":"5976d6f3-cafc-332f-ba68-dbf926f9cb11"},"summary_title":"St Peter"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160581","uid":"adlib-agent-160581","uuid":"2982d843-ac50-316d-8268-b6acf83cc0d2"},"summary_title":"Disciples"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108348","uid":"adlib-term-108348","uuid":"667e7a19-db33-3d85-bd9b-c2dafd8e02ff"},"summary_title":"tin-glazed earthenware"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113302","uid":"adlib-term-113302","uuid":"2747e058-f9ff-3d49-9bc9-c69e97b18c26"},"summary_title":"H.S. Reitlinger"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, green, yellow, orange, manganese-purple, and brown"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23385","uid":"adlib-term-23385","uuid":"4c17df77-7d4e-32bf-8ec9-921b71d218a2"},"summary_title":"religion"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Maiolica dish on low foot, painted in polychrome with Christ washing the Disciples' Feet."},{"value":"Dish on low foot. Earthenware, tin-glazed pale blue overall, except for the edge of the foot. Painted in blue, green, yellow, orange, manganese-purple, and brown.\nShape 78 with a ridge running round the top of the foot. Circular with shallow upturned sides, standing on a low foot.\nChrist washing the Disciples' Feet. Christ washes St Peter's feet, while the other disciples stand or sit on either side. In the background are a door on the left, a window on the right, and an arched window at centre through which a landscape can be seen. The scene is enclosed by a wide border of coloured grotesques incorporating pairs of winged beasts, pairs of dolphins, anthemions and scrolls, reserved in a dark blue ground. The rim is yellow.\nIn the middle of the back is a yellow disk, painted in blue with a cross with a small circle in one quarter, surrounded by a narrow dark, and a wide paler, blue circle. A wide yellow band encircles the foot, and radiating from it, there is a row of small pointed petals transversely striped in blue, and a row of larger petals striped in orange. The spaces are striped in orange."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no. 183","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1665","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1665","uuid":"63658816-1634-3848-a45b-3eee31f953ac"},"summary_title":"Ceramic Art of the Italian Renaissance"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"209","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1752","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1752","uuid":"de969839-ad2e-37a9-969c-f82578eca110"},"summary_title":"Albrecht D\u00fcrer and his Legacy"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.174-1991","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.174-1991"},{"priref":"72547","type":"priref","value":"72547"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72547","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72547"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"H.S. 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The painter did not follow the print slavishly. 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Painted in dark blue, green, yellow, orange, and manganese-purple. Shape 66. Circular with shallow curved sides, slightly everted at the rim.\nDoge Agostino Barbarigo supervising the loading of Money into a Ship destined for the Relief of Naples. The ship is moored beside a wharf on the right. At the foot of the mast there are six money bags, five of which bear a label inscribed with the name of the coins they contain: `docate papal' (papal ducats), `docate ugar' (Hungarian ducats), `docatti ancon' (Ancona ducats), `docate ve' (Venetian ducats), and `venetia' (Venetian ?). A rectangular notice suspended from the rigging is inscribed `fatte fatte fatte\/et non parole' (deeds, deeds, deeds and not words). The Doge stands in the middle, pointing to the label with his left hand and to the money with his right. Four togati stand behind him and, on the extreme left, a sailor approaches carrying four more bags, two of which are labelled `March' (small silver marchesane or marcelli) and `Troni' (silver lira introduced by Doge Niccol\u00f2 Tron). The foreground is green and the background dark blue with pronounced vertical brush strokes. The back is decorated with a central blue spiral surrounded by concentric circles: wide blue, orange and blue, two narrow blue, and a yellow zig-zag border filled with transverse blue lines. The edge is encircled by a blue band."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-7","uid":"adlib-exhibition-7","uuid":"402373ec-9de7-3594-a5c1-e9a53ff076ce"},"summary_title":"Exhibition of Italian Art 1200-1900"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"no. 218","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1665","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1665","uuid":"63658816-1634-3848-a45b-3eee31f953ac"},"summary_title":"Ceramic Art of the Italian Renaissance"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1685","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1685","uuid":"a01642b1-8257-3866-82b5-e1b33c5544d2"},"summary_title":"Christopher Columbus, Ships and the Sea"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1709","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1709","uuid":"e7f4099b-cc56-3b21-a8ae-accb7e1c4eaf"},"summary_title":"I Borgia, l'arte del potere"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"55","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-2573","uid":"adlib-exhibition-2573","uuid":"992d85e4-5168-30d5-8235-23b6ec4bc04e"},"summary_title":"Majolique. 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Leverton Harris Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-151483","uid":"adlib-agent-151483","uuid":"26fbb332-a159-3961-80ad-ff1bd1a618c2"},"summary_title":"Harris, Frederick Leverton"}],"date":[{"earliest":1926,"latest":1926,"value":"1926"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Previously thought to be bought probably from Raphael Stora, Paris."}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1495,"from":{"earliest":1495,"era":["CE"],"latest":1495,"precision":"circa","value":"1495"},"latest":1520,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1520,"era":["CE"],"latest":1520,"value":"1520"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"uncertain","role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149652","uid":"adlib-agent-149652","uuid":"0d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98"},"summary_title":"Unknown"}],"note":[{"value":"This is a rare portrayal on maiolica of a recent historical event. The French had invaded Naples in February 1495 and the ousted Aragonese King, Ferdinand II, appealed to Venice for help. By the end of March, an anti-French treaty known as The Holy League had been concluded. The League was made public on Palm Sunday, 1495 and afterwards money was collected and despatched by sea to Ferdinand II. The sacks on the ship are labelled with their contents: Papal, Hungarian, Ancona, and Venetian ducats. The two carried by the sailor on the left are labelled `March', probably small silver marchesane or marcelli, and `Troni', silver lire introduced by Doge Niccol\u00f2 Tron (1471-4). The notice on the ship's rigging, `fate fate fatte\/et non parole' (action, action, action and not words), indicates that Venice was sending practical assistance and not just vain promises.\nThe attribution of the dish has caused much speculation. The subject is so specifically Venetian that it is only natural to consider that it was painted there soon after the event. However, no firm evidence for the manufacture of maiolica in Venice in 1495 has been published, and istoriato dishes from any centre before 1500 are uncommon. In view of the dish's shape, certain aspects of the figures, and the decoration of the reverse, it is more likely to have been made in Faenza between about 1500 and 1520. 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h\u00f4tel, 1, Place Malesherbes, pp. 96-7, lot 411, illustrated, d. 42.5 cm. 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Painted in blue, green, and yellow.\nAlbarello with straight sides, sloping shoulders, a short neck with a groove below the projecting rim and two handles, each composed of three rolls of clay pressed together, with upturned terminals.\nThe front is decorated with a circular medallion containing a woman standing in a landscape with trees and buildings. She rests her right hand on a shield, and holds a spear in her left. The medallion is surrounded by symmetrical grotesques, including dolphins, flaming torches and foliated scrolls, reserved in a rectangular blue panel. A wide label with pairs of blue horizontal bands above and below, encircles the lower part of the jar. The front is inscribed in blue. Below, and on the shoulder at the front, there are foliated scrolls painted in blue alla porcellana. 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The pavilion and trees in particu\u00aclar are reminiscent of those in the back\u00acground of Alexander the Great in the Barber Institute, Birmingham.  Other features of the jar support a Siena attri\u00acbu\u00action. The form could have evolved from the large relief-blue albarelli bearing the emblem of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena, although it is not certain that they were made there. A Siena or Siena area also seems to be supported by a Sienese floor tile with a comparable figure on the front. 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