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Painted in blue, green, yellow, and orange. Dragon-spouted baluster jar with strap handle.The spout is surrounded by a truncated heart-shaped panel, enclosing a bust of a bearded old man three-quarters to left, pointing with his right hand to a flaming brazier. The space above is filled by blue and white honeysuckle on a partly yellow and partly orange ground, bordered by two vertical stripes: green and orange on the left of the spout, and green and yellow on the right. The drug name `Oymel composito' is inscribed in gothic letters on a label with curled ends between yellow horizontal bands which encircle the lower part of the jar. On the back there are loose blue spirals, and on the handle and between the ends of the label, blue diagonal stripes. 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These inscriptions frequently used the specialised Latin vocabulary of published medical texts and \u2018books of secrets\u2019. Spouted jars were used for oils, syrups, or liquid infusions. This one is labelled: \u2018O[x]ymel composito\u2019 compound oxymel, a potion prepared by evaporating a mixture of clarified honey and vinegar until it formed a syrup. This sweet- and-sour concoction, known from ancient Roman sources, was used to treat asthma as well as conjunctivitis. The warming nature of the remedy is alluded to by the old man who points to a flaming brazier, an image often emblematic of Winter.\nThe jar and C.65-1927 belong to a group of at least 280 pharmacy of several different forms with closely related and very distinctive decoration. The ceramic historian, Bernard Rackham (1876-1964), named the type 'Orsini-Colonna' jars, because a large two-handled bottle in the British Museum is decorated with a bear embracing a column with the words 'ET SARRIMO boNI AMICI' (and we will be good friends), emblematic of a reconciliation between these rival Roman families. The Orsini jars might be more appropriate, as that family's arms appear on a two-handled vase in the Lehman collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and on a two-handled bottle in a private collection. However, as more jars became known, it became apparent that the contents labels were repeated two, three, four, or in two instances five times, indicating that there must have been several different sets. This is also supported by the use of Roman capitals for the labels on some jars, and Gothic lettering on others. \nIn the absence of firm evidence for their place of origin the jars used to be attributed to central Italian towns, including Deruta, Siena, Cafaggiolo, Faenza or Casteldurante. Their secure attribution to Castelli in the Abruzzi followed the retrieval of many similar fragments in an excavation there between 1980 and 1982. This revealed the waste tip on the hillside behind the house of Orazio Pompei (c. 1510-20 to after 1590), a member of a large and flourishing potting family in the town. The connection between Orazio and the jars is supported by the inscription 'OC\/OPVS\/ORATII' on a dragon-spouted ewer in the Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche, Faenza, and by similarities between the female busts on the jars, and those on two maiolica  panels attributed to him. The first, decorated with the Virgin and Child flanked by the letters 'ORO', presumably for Orazio, and the date '1551' was formerly situated at the entrance to his house. The second, decorated with the Annunciation, and dated '21.MAI\/1557' belongs to the comune of Chieti. Given Orazio's presumed date of birth, it seems unlikely that the pharmacy jars were made before about 1540 and judging by their similarities with the figures in the wall panels, production could have continued until the late 1550s.  Vincenzo De Pompeis considered that this jar was probably made at the early end of the date range. 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Painted in blue, green, yellow, and orange."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120082","uid":"adlib-term-120082","uuid":"ea83ed85-6b07-3e7e-83fc-440cfda22f7e"},"summary_title":"throwing"}}]}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Maiolica spouted pharmacy jar, painted in blue, green, yellow, and orange with profile busts of two young women, and the drug name 'O  FILOSOFO' ."},{"value":"Earthenware, tin-glazed except for the base. Painted in blue, green, yellow, and orange. Dragon-spouted baluster jar with strap handle. The spout is surrounded by a truncated heart-shaped panel, enclosing profile busts of two young women facing inwards on either side of an oval yellow mask with a stubbly chin. They have blonde hair and wear green, low-necked dresses with high-necked white chemises. The panel is surrounded by blue and white formal foliage on an orange ground, bordered by vertical green lines edged with blue. The drug name `O  FILOSOFO' is inscribed in Roman capitals on a label between yellow horizontal bands which encircle the lower part of the jar. On the back and sides there are large blue spirals, and on the outside of the handle, four vertical blue stripes. The rim is blue with a green horizontal band below. The scales on the spout are blue on a greyish-blue ground."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.65-1927","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.65-1927"},{"priref":"75748","type":"priref","value":"75748"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75748","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75748"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on lower part of jar","method":"painted in Roman capitals","transcription":[{"value":"O  FILOSOFO"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"F. Leverton Harris Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-151483","uid":"adlib-agent-151483","uuid":"26fbb332-a159-3961-80ad-ff1bd1a618c2"},"summary_title":"Harris, Frederick Leverton"}],"date":[{"earliest":1927,"latest":1927,"value":"1927"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"bequeathed in 1926"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1550,"from":{"earliest":1550,"era":["CE"],"latest":1550,"precision":"circa","value":"1550"},"latest":1560,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1560,"era":["CE"],"latest":1560,"value":"1560"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"workshop"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160721","uid":"adlib-agent-160721","uuid":"67bdb3d7-e8fb-3f15-b3ae-de471dd66584"},"summary_title":"Pompei, Orazio"}],"note":[{"value":"During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries many pharmacies in Italian towns were equipped with splendid sets of maiolica jars of different forms with the name of the contents painted on a label which was part of the decoration. Spouted jars were used for oils, and syrups.  This one held Philosopher's Oil, which was obtained by distillation of a mixture of powdered brick or tiles and olive oil. It belongs to a group of at least 280 jars of several different forms with closely related and distinctive decoration. The ceramic historian, Bernard Rackham (1876-1964), named them the Orsini-Colonna  pharmacy jars after a two-handled bottle in the British Museum decorated with a bear embracing a column, and the words 'ET SARREMO boNI AMICI', emblematic of a reconciliation between these rival Roman families. The Orsini vases might be a more appropriate term. as that family's arms are shown on a two-handled pharmacy jar in the Lehman collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and on a two-handled bottle in a private collection. However, as the number of jars recorded with similar characteristics increased, it became evident that some of the drug names were repeated, two, three, four and in two cases, five times, and that they were therefore likely to have belonged to several sets. This is also indicated by some jars having their labels in Roman capitals, and others in Gothic letters. \nIn the absence of firm evidence for their origin, the jars used to be attributed to central Italian towns, including Faenza, Deruta, Siena, Cafaggiolo, or Casteldurante. Their secure reattribution of Castelli in the Abruzzi, followed the retrieval of many  fragments with similar decoration during an excavation  there  between 1980 and 1982. This revealed the waste tip on the hillside behind the home of Orazio Pompei (1510-20 to after 1590), a member of a large and flourishing potting family in Castelli. The connection between Orazio and the jars is supported by the inscription 'OC\/OPVS\/ORATTI' on a dragon-spouted jar in the Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche at Faenza. \nBefore the excavation the jars were usually dated to about 1515 to 1530, but given the probable date of Orazio Pompei's birth it seems unlikely that they were made before about 1540, and that production could have continued up to the late 1550s. Some  of the female heads are comparable in style to those of the Angel and Madonna in an Annunciation on a panel dated '21.MAI\/1557' at Chieti, which suggests that these jars probably date from about 1550 to 1560. Judging by the different styles of representing the male and female heads, and other figures on the jars, they were decorated by more than one member of the Pompei workshop. 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