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Many of Doulton's artists were women, and in 1881\/2 they presented an illuminated manuscript to Henry Doulton 'to take this opportunity of expressing our obligations to you for the origination of an occupation at once interesting and elevating to so large a number of our sex'. (see Dennis, part I)."},{"value":"Doulton and Co, founded c.1815, originally made utility ceramics, with some stoneware jugs and ornamental bottles. Henry Doulton introduced decorative stoneware and architectural terracotta at Lambeth in the mid 1860s; over the next 50 years, he employed some  400 artists, many of them Lambeth School of Art students. Doulton championed individuality, innovation and versatility, and his modellers and decorators used a wide range of techniques and decorative treatments in producing both unique, artist-signed, and limited edition pieces. 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Henry Doulton introduced decorative stoneware and architectural terracotta at Lambeth in the mid 1860s; over the next 50 years, he employed some  400 artists, many of them Lambeth School of Art students. Doulton championed individuality, innovation and versatility, and his modellers and decorators used a wide range of techniques and decorative treatments in producing both unique, artist-signed, and limited edition pieces. From 1872 the business expanded into faience and in the 1880s opened a factory at Burslem, Staffordshire, where bone china and other wares were made. In 1901, Edward VII granted the Royal warrant to the factory. Stoneware production at Lambeth reduced after 1914, and ceased in 1956."},{"value":"Eliza Simmance worked for Doulton\u2019s from 1873 until 1928. She used a variety of decorating techniques, often combining two or three of them in a single pot. 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The underside is flat, with a turned foot-rim, and unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.20-1975","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.20-1975"},{"priref":"73012","type":"priref","value":"73012"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/73012","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/73012"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Doulton in circular seal with lion above"}],"location":"on underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"ROYAL DOULTON\/ENGLAND"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"'8' impressed separately"}],"location":"on underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"8412"}],"type":"number"},{"description":[{"value":"incised in script; could be 'MK'"}],"location":"on underside of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"MB"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"impressed indecipherable characters"}],"location":"on underside of base","method":"impressed","type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Mr D.D. 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Henry Doulton introduced decorative stoneware and architectural terracotta at Lambeth in the mid 1860s; over the next 50 years, he employed some  400 artists, many of them Lambeth School of Art students. Doulton championed individuality, innovation and versatility, and his modellers and decorators used a wide range of techniques and decorative treatments in producing both unique, artist-signed, and limited edition pieces. From 1872 the business expanded into faience and in the 1880s opened a factory at Burslem, Staffordshire, where bone china and other wares were made. In 1901, Edward VII granted the Royal warrant to the factory. Stoneware production at Lambeth reduced after 1914, and ceased in 1956."},{"value":"The impressed factory number indicates that this is an example of Doulton\u2019s \u2018series ware\u2019, executed by assistants to a senior artist\u2019s design in an edition of a few dozen to c.1,000. Maud Bowden was one of the many long-service Doulton senior assistants, starting in 1903 and working through the Art Nouveau period, until 1937. Many of Doulton's artists were women, and in 1881\/2 they presented an illuminated manuscript to Henry Doulton 'to take this opportunity of expressing our obligations to you for the origination of an occupation at once interesting and elevating to so large a number of our sex'. 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The sides and neck are decorated with six bands of raised, geometrical patterns which incorporate natural forms such as flowers and are separated by strips of raised, shell-like vertical forms. The body is finely painted in olive-green, grey, blue and buff, following the patterns. The neck and foot are painted in solid bands of blue and brown, and the inside of the neck in blue. The interior is unpainted below the neck, and lightly glazed. The underside of the foot is hollow, turned and unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.8-1980","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.8-1980"},{"priref":"76171","type":"priref","value":"76171"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76171","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76171"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"impressed 'DOULTON LAMBETH' encircling four interlocking D's within a wavy-edged circle"}],"location":"on base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"DOULTON LAMBETH"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"1881"}],"type":"date"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"ES"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"'g o' with two square blocks beside the 'o'"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"g o"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"script initials, probably 'JA'"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"inscribed","transcription":[{"value":"J A"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1980-03-10"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1881,"era":["CE"],"latest":1881,"value":"1881"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"pottery"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188654","uid":"adlib-agent-188654","uuid":"1d8e687a-5fd0-3c17-a37e-ed6874b8b479"},"summary_title":"Doulton & Co."},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"decorator"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160928","uid":"adlib-agent-160928","uuid":"3cc9fbe7-e254-3fe9-a3d6-1a2ec53fa5b5"},"summary_title":"Simmance, Eliza"}],"note":[{"value":"Doulton and Co, founded by John Doulton at Vauxhall, c.1815, originally specialised in utility ceramics, with some production of stoneware jugs and ornamental bottles. Henry Doulton, his son, introduced decorative stoneware at the Lambeth Art Pottery in the mid 1860s, encouraged by John Sparkes, Head of Lambeth School of Art; in all, some 400 artists were employed there, many of them Lambeth students.  From 1872 the business expanded into faience and in the 1880s opened a factory at Burslem, Staffordshire, where bone china and other wares were made. In 1901, Edward VII granted the Royal warrant to the factory. Stoneware production at Lambeth reduced after 1914, and ceased in 1956."},{"value":"Eliza Simmance worked for Doulton\u2019s from 1873 until 1928. She worked with a variety of decorating techniques, often combining two or three of them in a single pot. She is particularly known for her finely incised and pate-sur-pate decoration, where several layers of slip are applied with a brush to build up a raised design. John Sparkes, Head of Lambeth School of Art, found her \u2018first amongst those who have thrown their whole energy into their work [\u2026with] so many ideas to spare\u2019, and her work \u2018so eminently graceful and well drawn as to emulate [\u2026] the work of the Italian ornamentists\u2019 (quoted in Eyre (1975), p.105).   She often worked with the assistance of younger artists."},{"value":"The decoration of this piece follows principles of geometric design set out by Owen Jones in his 'Grammar of Ornament', 1856, and the designs chosen may have been copied from his illustrations."},{"value":"The impression 'g o' is an assistant's mark, possibly for Kate Giblin (who is listed as a senior assistant in 1882) or for Jessie Gandy (who began as a junior assistant in 1881 and stayed until 1889. 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The body is decorated with an incised pattern of stylised leaves and applied strings of beadwork which wave around applied, impressed flower motifs, the latter in three sizes. An incised leaf motif runs down the outside of the handle. The whole is coated in slip, the leaves picked out in light and dark green and the flowers in blue, and edged at top and bottom with a blue rope strip and brown rim. The underside is flat and unglazed."},{"value":"The neck is banded with silver, formed to a lip opposite the handle, and decorated with an engraved pattern of diamond shapes, into which eight relief flower-heads have been set. The cover is flat and engraved with: a rampant lion with a flag; an arm with a fist clenching two arrows; and the motto 'FORCE AVEC VERTU'. The hinge sits on the top of the handle, secured by a band, with a trefoil thumb-piece rising 4 cm above the lid."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no. 587","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1714","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1714","uuid":"5191d5cf-2291-34cc-8e2a-6d7908e85224"},"summary_title":"Exhibition of Doulton Stoneware and Terracotta, 1870-1925"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"no. 22","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-166","uid":"adlib-exhibition-166","uuid":"a08b2214-9d39-3c26-84d6-07a71c509bf2"},"summary_title":"Foundations for the Future"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.7-1971","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.7-1971"},{"priref":"75909","type":"priref","value":"75909"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75909","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75909"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"oval Doulton seal 'DOULTON LAMBETH, with 1874 in the middle"}],"location":"on underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"'DOULTON LAMBETH' '1874'"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"on bottom rim, below the handle","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"GT"}],"type":"monogram"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"E"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"script"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"MT or AT"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"on cover","method":"engraved","transcription":[{"value":"FORCE AVEC VERTU"}],"type":"inscription"},{"description":[{"value":"'GF' in quatrefoil for the maker George Fox, a lower case gothic 't' for the date 1874-5, Sovereign's head and leopard's face for London, lion passant."}],"location":"on cover","transcription":[{"value":"'GF', 't'"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by the Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149645","uid":"adlib-agent-149645","uuid":"10925b71-6838-30f7-a8dd-b68a2afaa14d"},"summary_title":"The Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"date":[{"earliest":1971,"latest":1971,"value":"1971"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1971-10-14"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1874,"era":["CE"],"latest":1874,"value":"1874"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"pottery"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188654","uid":"adlib-agent-188654","uuid":"1d8e687a-5fd0-3c17-a37e-ed6874b8b479"},"summary_title":"Doulton & Co."},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"decorator"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-156569","uid":"adlib-agent-156569","uuid":"64db0941-418e-3eb0-ad9e-006b8d6040fa"},"summary_title":"Tinworth, George"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"silversmith"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-46962","uid":"adlib-agent-46962","uuid":"17690e65-e988-3349-81e2-d343843b453e"},"summary_title":"Fox, George"}],"note":[{"value":"Doulton and Co, founded by John Doulton at Vauxhall, c.1815, originally specialised in utility ceramics, with some production of stoneware jugs and ornamental bottles. 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