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Those seeking protection from the disease often directed their prayers to Saints Roch and Sebastian. Sebastian, who had survived multiple arrow wounds unharmed, drew the \u2018arrows\u2019 of misfortune and illness away from the devout. Roch was a pilgrim and plague victim (as indicated by the ulcer in his thigh), who survived and was believed to offer miraculous cures. The saints appear in many altarpieces, but also in numerous objects and images made for the home, indicating their widespread appeal."},{"value":"he cult of St Roch (c. 1350-80) as a protector against plague developed slowly in Italy during the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. By the sixteenth century he was established as one of the most popular saints. He was frequently depicted in art: alone or accompanied by a dog, in scenes from his life, or with other Saints, especially St Sebastian who was also invoked against pestilence. He is usually dressed as a pilgrim leaning on a staff and indicating the plague boil on his thigh. Apart from being hatless and beardless, the figure on this dish is reminiscent of the St Roch in a detached fresco of 1475, attributed to Fiorenzo di Lorenzo (1965), or to Perugino (1989), formerly in San Francesco, Deruta, and now in the Pinacoteca there. Despite the prevalence of plague, and a particularly virulent outbreak in 1527, Deruta piatti da pompa decorated with St Roch are uncommon in comparison with those decorated with St Francis, the Virgin or other religious subjects. 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The counter-enamel is clear but appears uneven dark red."}],"note":[{"value":"blue, green, pink, red, brown, mulberry, grey, black, and white enamels"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28662","uid":"adlib-term-28662","uuid":"dd47e505-ccda-3f2b-b576-6104109430e8"},"summary_title":"enamelling"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}]},{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39588","uid":"adlib-term-39588","uuid":"b17ff981-06b2-30a2-b9a9-b514fe84a191"},"summary_title":"copper"}}],"name":"Plaque"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107707","uid":"adlib-term-107707","uuid":"cbae1ed2-5069-35db-a029-700dc23ada11"},"summary_title":"Christian religion"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"rectangular copper plaque painted in polychrome enamels and gilded. St Elizabeth giving alms to a beggar, titled below 'SANCTA.ELISABETHA'; white relief foliage and gold foliage on a black ground in the spandrels."},{"value":"Rectangular, slightly convex copper plaque with a small hole at top centre and at bottom centre, and an inward curve to the left side, enamelled in blue, green, pink, red, brown, mulberry, grey, black, and white, and gilded. The counter-enamel is clear but appears uneven dark red. An oval medallion with a white and gold frame encloses a three-quarter length figure of St Elisabeth giving alms to a beggar. The Saint has a gold crown which forms part of her halo. Her dark brown hair has a centre parting and is ornamented on her left side with three rows of white pearls. Over a pleated mulberry dress, she wears a dark blue cloak with a green lining, and an ermine collar. The folds of the fabric are highlighted by small gold dashes. In her left hand she holds a gold sceptre terminating in a fleur-de-lys, and with her right is about to place a coin into the hat of a beggar approaching from her right. Only the upper part of his body is shown. His right arm is outstretched holding his hat, and his left hand is close to his chest. He wears a mulberry tunic, and a white and red cloth wound round his head. Behind him is a column and a green curtain. Both figures have red fingernails and shading on their hands. The spandrels outside the frame have a black ground decorated with gold foliage, and white foliage in relief. Across the bottom of the plaque is a narrow white label inscribed in black \u2018: SANCTA \u2022 ELISABETHA\u2019. On the back in black, \u2018P. Novailher\/esmaillieur\/A Limoges\u2019"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"M.48-1904","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"M.48-1904"},{"priref":"156434","type":"priref","value":"156434"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/156434","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/156434"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on front of plaque at bottom","method":"painted in black enamel","transcription":[{"value":"SANCTA.ELISABETHA"}],"type":"inscription"},{"location":"on back","method":"painted in black enamel","transcription":[{"value":"P. Novailher\/esmaillieur\/A Limoges"}],"type":"signature"},{"location":"on back near the top","method":"hand-written in black","transcription":[{"value":"Pi ?\/S\/1\/ [1 raised over horizontal line]"}],"type":"inscription"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Frank McClean Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-172414","uid":"adlib-agent-172414","uuid":"73d94f64-8c0d-30c1-9764-25b005f3ce1d"},"summary_title":"McClean, Frank"}],"date":[{"earliest":1904,"latest":1904,"value":"1904"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Frank McClean died in Brussels on 8 November 1904"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1690,"from":{"earliest":1690,"era":["CE"],"latest":1690,"precision":"circa","value":"1690"},"latest":1710,"note":[{"value":"previously dated c. 1700-40 but the colouring suggests that it could have been made before 1710 and not as late as1740"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1710,"era":["CE"],"latest":1710,"value":"1710"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"probably","role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-207865","uid":"adlib-agent-207865","uuid":"e75ee0ce-7ba2-3cf9-8517-cf4a83dcc4a1"},"summary_title":"Nouailher, Pierre, l'aisn\u00e9"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-207866","uid":"adlib-agent-207866","uuid":"26e43dd7-2eb1-3b71-9ccc-57d1ed72af94"},"summary_title":"Nouailher, Pierre, II"}],"note":[{"value":"St Elizabeth of Hungary was born in 1207, traditionally at S\u00e0rospatak. At the age of fourteen she married Ludwig IV, Landgrave of Thuringia with whom she lived happily until he embarked on the Sixth Crusade, and died at Otranto in Italy in 1227. Elizabeth refused to remarry, and moved to Marburg, where she may have become a tertiary of the Fransiscan order. She founded a hospital, and continued the charitable good works for which she had become famous during her marriage. She died in 1531, and was canonized in 1235 by Gregory IX, and made patroness of the Third Order of St Francis.. Her bones were translated to the church of St Elizabeth at Marburg, which became a pilgrimage centre. In 1539 the Lutheran Landgrave Philip of Hesse had her bones removed to an unknown situation to prevent superstitious practices. She became a popular saint, and depictions of her giving alms occur on plaques, holy water stoups, and reliquary frames (frames with several small relics mounted within them)\n\nRectangular plaques decorated with oval portrait medallions and spandels decorated in relief with stylized foliage, usually in white with gilding on a black ground came into fashion in the second half of the seventeenth century and continued into the early eighteenth. Relief decoration is also found on two-handled bowls, candlesticks, ewers, and purse plaques."},{"value":"This plaque was probably made by Pierre Nouaillier, l'aisn\u00e9 (c. 1657-1717), or his younger brother, Pierre II Nouailher (1665-after 1743). The format and style is similar to others with portraits of Christ, the Virgin, or Saints usually attributed to Pierre II Nouailher, and the signature on the back is similar to that on the reverse of a plaque of St Simon, in the Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Limoges. His treatment of the facial features, and the halos with wavy rays alternating with groups of shorter straight rays was distinctive, and can be seen on many other plaques. The quality seems inferior to enamels attributed to Pierre I Nouailher, such as the bowl of a cup signed 'P. NOVALHER. ESMAILLEIVR\u2019 in the Walters Art Gallery, or three two-handled cups in the Louvre. But the dark colouring suggests that it was made before about 1720, as the colouring of painted enamels became brighter and paler towards the middle of the century."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120948","uid":"adlib-term-120948","uuid":"709dd310-07e3-34e8-9f19-225896efdf8c"},"summary_title":"17th Century, Late-18th Century, Early"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15498","uid":"adlib-term-15498","uuid":"61725bf5-360f-3837-8aab-3c90b956a537"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Haute Vienne"}],"summary_title":"Haute 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Edwin H. Lawrence, FSA (1819-91); Christie\u2019s, 4-6 May 1892, 2nd day, second part of lot 168; Frank McClean, MA, FRS (1837\u20131904) ; bequeathed by him"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same provenance"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-156432","uid":"adlib-object-156432","uuid":"5e825690-10f0-33ed-a6e0-2dbb0eb47e3d"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-107484","uid":"adlib-term-107484","uuid":"935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd"},"summary_title":"plaque"}},"summary_title":"plaque"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"role":[{"value":"same provenance"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-156433","uid":"adlib-object-156433","uuid":"0ecb3b55-d3a0-33c1-a6f4-76b1f6a362f7"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-107484","uid":"adlib-term-107484","uuid":"935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd"},"summary_title":"plaque"}},"summary_title":"plaque"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ., p. 115, no. 74. Not 247 in Magniac sale as stated by Dalton.","page":"115","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-4060","uid":"adlib-publication-4060","uuid":"0f6d91a4-87ab-338c-b868-7d56c66bc250"},"summary_title":"Fitzwilliam Museum, McClean Bequest, Catalogue of the Mediaeval Ivories, Enamels, Jewellery, Gems and Miscellaneous Objects Bequeathed to the Museum by Frank McClean, M.A., F.R.S."},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 155-6, for Saint Elizabeth","page":"155-6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-4997","uid":"adlib-publication-4997","uuid":"ba4ddd50-47c1-39de-a05b-b52317cb4138"},"summary_title":"The Oxford Dictionary of Saints"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 348-9, no. 186, the bowl of cup attributed to Pierre I","page":"348-0","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6021","uid":"adlib-publication-6021","uuid":"6dafbb49-bc39-3d0c-b5ad-634dbead2cf0"},"summary_title":"The Walters Art Gallery, Catalogue of the Painted Enamels of the Renaissance"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 415, no. MR 2634 (other inv. N. 1421) the Virgin and Child with similar signature except for no s in 'esmailleur'. The treatment of the eyes, which Baratte singles out as characteristic of this enameller are comparable to those of the saint on the Fitzwilliam's plaque. Cf. also pp. 412-4, nos. MR 4269, MR 2468 and MR 2451, attributed to Pierre I.","page":"415","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6073","uid":"adlib-publication-6073","uuid":"273632b3-da99-366e-9c3b-efd466467b8e"},"summary_title":"Les \u00e9maux peints de Limoges. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, D\u00e9partement des objets d'art"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 400 for the dates of Pierre Nouailher, l\u2019ain\u00e9 (I), c. 1657 to 28 September 1717. His brother, Pierre, came of age c. 1690.","page":"400","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6116","uid":"adlib-publication-6116","uuid":"bbff1ced-945e-3b6f-8556-b6eedf278dea"},"summary_title":"Le m\u00e9tier d\u2019\u00e9mailleur \u00e0 Limoges, XVIe-XVIIe si\u00e8cle"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 222-24, nos. 70-72, plaques respectively of Saint Simon, Saint Bernard and Saint Charles Borromeo, in grisaille with flesh tones, and gilding, signed .P.Nouailher\/emailleur\/a Limoges on the reverse, the first in gold, the other two in black.","page":"222-224","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6142","uid":"adlib-publication-6142","uuid":"517e6c62-56b3-3ca3-8314-d7e94fafb6e2"},"summary_title":"La Rencontre des H\u00e9ros, Regards crois\u00e9es sur les \u00e9maux peints de la Renaissance appartenant aux collections du Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris et du Mus\u00e9e municipal de L'\u00c9v\u00each\u00e9 de Limoges"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10624","uid":"adlib-term-10624","uuid":"c882b99a-0b49-320e-8d8a-fd72a34d8848"},"summary_title":"Baroque"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108497","uid":"adlib-term-108497","uuid":"d7af9098-e473-3df9-bca4-26e80dc51d7d"},"summary_title":"giving"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-22417","uid":"adlib-term-22417","uuid":"92d0e672-9125-3660-9c7a-3fb880baccb0"},"summary_title":"charity"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"giving"}],"summary_title":"giving"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107484","uid":"adlib-term-107484","uuid":"935e21d3-0b7f-3ca6-9987-b79c82e054fd"},"summary_title":"plaque"}},"summary_title":"plaque","title":[{"value":"St Elizabeth giving Alms to a Beggar"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}}],"first_page_url":"?page=1","from":1,"last_page":1,"last_page_url":"?page=1","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","active":false},{"url":"?page=1","label":"1","active":true},{"url":null,"label":"Next »","active":false}],"next_page_url":null,"path":"","per_page":24,"prev_page_url":null,"to":4,"total":4}]