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The table base has four feet  and two central props; it is painted brown, with relief polychrome garlands all around. A yellow booth stands on it; there are lamps and gathered curtains along the front of the roof and the top of a grey flight of steps centre front. To the left are a monkey seated on a barrel organ: a trumpeter, who also winds the organ: and a woman in a feathered hat. To the right are two trumpeters in long and a drummer. Above the booth is a tall fa\u00e7ade with an elephant with a castle on its back, framed by a tiger, two monkeys in trees, and a lion, all moulded in relief. The fa\u00e7ade is edged by a ribbon with the impressed inscription:  \u2018POLITOS \/ MENAGERIE OF THE MOST WONDERFUL BURDS AND BEASTS FROM MOST PART OF THE WORLD, LION etc.\u2019. The back is flat, with four vent holes just above the table-base and a concave curve to the top of the facade, all painted yellow; there are painted, relief trees on the sides. The underside is glazed but unpainted. Two figures, animals\/birds on top of the facade, steps at the front and a central lamp have been broken off."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.966-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.966-1928"},{"priref":"76466","type":"priref","value":"76466"},{"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume:  15","type":"old object number","value":"3514"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76466","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76466"}],"inscription":[{"type":"no visible mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"rectangular paper label handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"No. 3514. Staffordshire group of Polito\u2019s Menagerie b. in  London Sept 20 1911."}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. 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A cheaper alternative to porcelain figures, they were often produced by small potteries; very few are marked. Classical or literary subjects were frequently copied from porcelain examples, but potters increasingly turned to scenes from everyday life and topical events. Early groups are often complex, with modelled and moulded parts, applied decoration and partially decorated backs. As demand increased, processes were streamlined for mass production and by c.1835 three-part press-moulding had largely replaced  earlier methods. Table-base groups, on four or six short legs, were made from c.1825-35; probably by just a few makers. They have in the past been attributed to Obadaiah Sherratt of Burslem, but without clear evidence. The large number of modelled figures here suggests a late 1920s date."},{"value":"Pottery models of Wombwell\u2019s and Polito\u2019s Menageries were equally popular, and there are a number of surviving examples. Versions on different table or other bases suggest they were made by several potters and sometimes the figures seem to have been made by different potters and\/or moulds shared between potteries, perhaps to save costs.  Figures of individual menagerie animals were also common."},{"value":"Travelling menageries were popular in England from the late 18th Century. Exotic animals, such as lions and elephants had previously only been seen in aristocratic collections; now menageries took them out to the general public. From c.1830s, with the addition of animal tamers\u2019 tricks, brass bands and human performers, the shows evolved into what we now know as circus. Stephani Polito bought the Exeter Change Menagerie, already established in London c.1810. He died in 1814, but Polito\u2019s Menagerie continued until c.1836. George Wombwell started his first menagerie c.1807 and by 1839 Wombwell\u2019s Menagerie included 15 wagons of animals; by 1850 there were three shows touring; the business continued until 1884."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120816","uid":"adlib-term-120816","uuid":"b8c35cb6-f02f-34c9-9dda-b3120e12c749"},"summary_title":"19th Century, second quarter"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107658","uid":"adlib-term-107658","uuid":"824d3ecf-92c1-33aa-8d45-2f0239317270"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Staffordshire"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"31"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"35"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47807","uid":"adlib-media-47807","uuid":"f8a8d064-06d7-3f06-a8b2-1df59f8cf626"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_966_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616286019923,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47808","uid":"adlib-media-47808","uuid":"870f882b-68b6-3f85-a1f7-9eb49d777f01"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_966_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616264484404,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134396","uid":"adlib-term-134396","uuid":"238a8c79-c8ce-3ed9-9d80-3a938ba82083"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire figure group (early)"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134395","uid":"adlib-term-134395","uuid":"6496499c-d144-363b-8111-4f8084f131f8"},"summary_title":"table base group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130680","uid":"adlib-term-130680","uuid":"4af9103f-c84b-3698-8764-bdecfcb876ec"},"summary_title":"flat-backed figure group"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Bought from Mr E. W. Giles of Fulham on 20 September 1911, for \u00a39.10s (nine pounds ten shillings) by Dr. J.W.L. 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Also re circus and performing animal figures.","page":"100-115","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5796","uid":"adlib-publication-5796","uuid":"f53034c1-658f-3808-ae92-bf4b4c428367"},"summary_title":"People, Passions, Pastimes, and Pleasures, Staffordshire Figures 1810-1835"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 130-1, lot 227, a group with a different base and retaining the figures on the extreme left and right missing from the Fitzwilliam's example. Estimate $8,000-12,000.","page":"130-1","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5791","uid":"adlib-publication-5791","uuid":"31c0840d-e63d-3ffb-a201-a74d0241f0d2"},"summary_title":"Property from the Collection of Josephine & Walter Buhl Ford II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Plate 73, Polito\u2019s Menagerie, on a marbled table-base. Notes that Mr & Mrs Polito died 1814 and Mr Wombwell 1850.","page":"92","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7215","uid":"adlib-publication-7215","uuid":"5a432fe5-59b0-3aa3-80ff-60e8c20dd302"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Chimney Ornaments"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-992","uid":"adlib-publication-992","uuid":"e26b9de8-5607-3d6e-82c1-bba7d8cb57c4"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. for menageries including Polito's and Wombwell's","page":"103-17","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003135","uid":"adlib-publication-200003135","uuid":"74428ebf-9d0f-3cf6-be56-8d84ed5d97c2"},"summary_title":"Elephants, Education and Entertainment. 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There is a large roughly oval ventilation hole in the base. The cat sits facing in profile to the right with its head turned to its right to face the front. The interiors of both ears are painted dark blue, and the eyebrows, nose, and mouth in black. Down its back there are four reserved motifs with two lobes at the top and one larger lobe below, outlined, and partly filled in with blue. On the rest of the body there are circular and heart-shaped reserves similarly decorated in blue. The tail has four horizontal reserved stripes, each with blue edges and a central wavy blue stripe."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.11-2002","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.11-2002"},{"priref":"81687","type":"priref","value":"81687"},{"source":"Fitzwilliam Museum","type":"entry form number","value":"173"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/81687","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/81687"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on the top of the back right paw","method":"painted in dark blue","transcription":[{"value":"E. 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The tiger is yellow with dark vertical markings; a dark stripe along its back runs down the face, which is framed by prominent white whiskers. The soldier has a red uniform, yellow breeches and epaulettes, white stockings and black boots, and wears a pink sash around his waist; his right arm falls down across his body. The base is a grass green rectangular plinth supported on a grey sponged table base which has six feet, a moulded polychrome swag frieze and on the front two raised ovals with the impressed inscription \u2018THE.DEATH\u2019 and \u2018OF.MUNROW\u2019. 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Lieut Munro was carried off by the tiger Dec 22nd 1792.\u2019"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J. W. L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. 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The modeller of this figure group perhaps saw the exhibit, or a print of it, as he has used a similar design. The mould for the \u2018Munrow\u2019 figure, however, seems to have simply been taken from an upright soldier figure."},{"value":"Pearlware figures and groups decorated with enamels were in production by 1780. They were generally made at smaller potteries and are rarely marked. A cheaper alternative to porcelain, they drew on a variety of sources, including sculpture and porcelain figures. Classical, biblical, mythological and literary subjects were popular, as were animals and representations of rural life, seasons and trades.  These early figures are moulded, perhaps with moulded or modelled parts added, the bases often formed separately. 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Although traditionally attributed to Obadaiah Sherratt, of Burslem, they were probably made by a number of Staffordshire figure makers."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120816","uid":"adlib-term-120816","uuid":"b8c35cb6-f02f-34c9-9dda-b3120e12c749"},"summary_title":"19th Century, second quarter"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107658","uid":"adlib-term-107658","uuid":"824d3ecf-92c1-33aa-8d45-2f0239317270"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Staffordshire"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"27.5"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47809","uid":"adlib-media-47809","uuid":"f6c244b1-cdf6-32be-a8cc-ac7197b55d6d"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_967_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616285812017,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_967_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616285812017,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_967_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616285812017,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_967_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616285812017,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47810","uid":"adlib-media-47810","uuid":"9494bdb0-b0f2-3df3-aefc-35d58a948022"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_967_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616267246030,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_967_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616267246030,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_967_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616267246030,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_967_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616267246030,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110577","uid":"adlib-term-110577","uuid":"b3087bcf-c996-37a7-be6a-109aec958c77"},"summary_title":"animal figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134396","uid":"adlib-term-134396","uuid":"238a8c79-c8ce-3ed9-9d80-3a938ba82083"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire figure group (early)"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134395","uid":"adlib-term-134395","uuid":"6496499c-d144-363b-8111-4f8084f131f8"},"summary_title":"table base group"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Bought from Mr Wordingham, Cambridge dealer, on 3 April 1921, by Dr J.W.L. 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With information about the event.","page":"128-9","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5791","uid":"adlib-publication-5791","uuid":"31c0840d-e63d-3ffb-a201-a74d0241f0d2"},"summary_title":"Property from the Collection of Josephine & Walter Buhl Ford II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. lot 27, ill. p.57. 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