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He is playing with a small girl who stands on his knee supported by his right hand. The lady hold a small baby on her lap. her (now broken off, possibly flowers?). She ears a small white hat, a pink coat dress over a skirt decorated with multicoloured dots and stylised flowers. Her hat is decorated with green leaves. She has a yellow bow at her neck. The gentleman, bare-headed, wears a short turquoise coat over a white shirt with stock and high collar, and white trousers. Both wear black shoes.  They sit on a moulded yellow bench in front of a stylised tree which has blue and red flowers. Beside him is a brown urn holding a leafy plant. A small dog to her left looks up at her. The scene is placed on a raised oval base which has a flat top and, at the front, a relief moulded panel of red, pink and yellow feathers between scrolling foliage. The foliage and top of the panel are edged in blue; the rest of the base is painted grass green. The back is fully decorated. The underside is flat, within a deep rim which forms the sides of the base."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.952-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.952-1928"},{"priref":"76445","type":"priref","value":"76445"},{"date":[{"earliest":1916,"latest":1916,"value":"1916"}],"source":"Glaisher MS Catalogue, Vol. 29.","type":"old object number","value":"4653"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76445","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76445"}],"inscription":[{"type":"no visible mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"rectangular paper label handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"Staffordshire figure group of a man and a woman seated on a bench, the man with a child standing on his knee and the woman with a baby in her lap. b. in London Oct 16, 1916."}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928-12-07"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1825,"from":{"earliest":1825,"era":["CE"],"latest":1825,"precision":"circa","value":"1825"},"latest":1835,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1835,"era":["CE"],"latest":1835,"precision":"circa","value":"1835"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-187914","uid":"adlib-agent-187914","uuid":"3ff8e302-3ac3-3560-9a60-800ee4445118"},"summary_title":"Unidentified factory"}],"note":[{"value":"Bocage figure groups are often associated with John Walton of Burslem and this attribution was suggested by Rackham, 1935. However, the distinctive base here does not seem typical of marked Walton examples and we now know that several potters made figure groups in this style, often copying designs and other features."},{"value":"Earthenware figure groups were popular from around 1810, although the earliest examples date from nearly a century earlier. A cheaper alternative to porcelain figures, they were often produced by small potteries; very few are marked. Classical or literary subjects were frequently copied from porcelain examples, but potters increasingly turned to scenes from everyday life and topical events. These early figure groups are often complex, with modelled and moulded parts and applied decoration and bocage (stylised foliage) is common on groups from c.1810-20; the backs, though flattened, are also decorated. But as demand increased processes were simplified to allow cheaper mass production and by the mid 1830s the earlier methods had largely given way to three-part press-moulding."},{"value":"This fashionably dressed couple and their setting have similarities with other figure groups. A \u2018Courtship\u2019 couple  with very similar base, bocage, bench, urn and decoration on her dress is in the Fitzwilliam collection (C.958-1928) , while a near-identically dressed couple with similarly posed woman and baby are found on a table base as part of a \u2018Teetotal\u2019 group (Schkolne, p.178). All are probably from the same pottery, while the base and subject of the latter suggest an early 1830s date.  As Dr Glaisher's notes say, such figure groups are particularly interesting because they show contemporary costume."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-119816","uid":"adlib-term-119816","uuid":"4c42c3d5-6453-34fb-896f-84311bfe7567"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Early"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107658","uid":"adlib-term-107658","uuid":"824d3ecf-92c1-33aa-8d45-2f0239317270"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Staffordshire"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"16"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"20"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47755","uid":"adlib-media-47755","uuid":"31e84f3c-87cd-38ca-a302-25145ba0e80a"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_952_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616247749606,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_952_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616247749606,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_952_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616247749606,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_952_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616247749606,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47756","uid":"adlib-media-47756","uuid":"fb0b2f6c-b53d-3d0f-afb4-0fd2732ebb4a"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_952_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616286234049,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_952_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616286234049,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_952_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616286234049,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_952_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616286234049,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134396","uid":"adlib-term-134396","uuid":"238a8c79-c8ce-3ed9-9d80-3a938ba82083"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire figure group (early)"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Bought in London in October 1916 by Dr J.W.L. 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A clergyman holds a pink-gowned baby; a clerk stands by his side. Facing them, across a table, are two godmothers wearing flowered dresses, mauve cloaks and large yellow bonnets trimmed with flowers and feathers; one of them holds her hand to her bonnet, the other has crossed arms. At the back is the godfather with a blue coat, holding a black hat in his hand. There is a bowl and a book on the table."},{"value":"The scene is set  against two trees flanking a twin-turreted castle; the figures stand on a flowered, grassy mound; grey steps run up from the centre front and round the castle. It sits on a four-legged table base, painted brown, with a green top, and decorated with polychrome swags and a small brown moulded dog centre front. The back is painted, it is almost flat but with the backs of the turrets and steps moulded in. The underside of the base is recessed and flat."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.963A-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.963A-1928"},{"priref":"76462","type":"priref","value":"76462"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76462","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76462"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L.Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. 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Classical or literary subjects were frequently copied from porcelain examples, but potters increasingly turned to scenes from everyday life and topical events. These early figure groups are often complex, including modelled and moulded parts and applied decoration; the backs, though flat, are decorated; bocage (stylised foliage) is common on groups from c.1810-20. However, as demand increased, processes were streamlined to allow mass production and by c.1835 the earlier, relatively costly, methods had largely given way to three-part press-moulding."},{"value":"Table groups, standing on four or six short legs, were made from c.1825-35; similar features suggest they were made by just a few makers. They have in the past been attributed to Obadaiah Sherratt of Burslem, but without clear evidence; they were probably made by a number of figure makers. However, similarities in the shape and colouring of this table base, the moulded dog \u2018mark\u2019 on the front and the bocage suggest this table base group was made by the same potter as two others in the Fitzwilliam Collection."},{"value":"This is one of a pair of closely related figure groups, representing a marriage at Gretna Green and a christening; both are represented in the collection. Both scenes were also made, with similar composition, by other potters. But as Dr Glaisher notes, here: \u2018the modelling is very good, and the colours are peculiarly good and brilliant, and the details are carefully attended to\u2019. The hollow turrets are designed to hold spills, used to light the fire."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-114523","uid":"adlib-term-114523","uuid":"435b2a3c-ff47-31ed-bed3-17b95d739d0a"},"summary_title":"19th Century, first half"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107658","uid":"adlib-term-107658","uuid":"824d3ecf-92c1-33aa-8d45-2f0239317270"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Staffordshire"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107611","uid":"adlib-term-107611","uuid":"790e5a19-a186-34d5-a16e-2d8dff9f6247"},"summary_title":"white earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"21.2"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"26.6"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47797","uid":"adlib-media-47797","uuid":"f3321b83-63b6-3fca-aec3-2b8129db9490"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_963A_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616285452420,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_963A_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616285452420,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_963A_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616285452420,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_963A_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616285452420,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47798","uid":"adlib-media-47798","uuid":"9b263a0a-4e2a-37b2-bb06-e68cb09b7083"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_963A_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616268495147,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_963A_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":362},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616268495147,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_963A_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":550},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":760}]},"modified":1616268495147,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_963A_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":181},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616268495147,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134396","uid":"adlib-term-134396","uuid":"238a8c79-c8ce-3ed9-9d80-3a938ba82083"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire figure group (early)"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130680","uid":"adlib-term-130680","uuid":"4af9103f-c84b-3698-8764-bdecfcb876ec"},"summary_title":"flat-backed figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134395","uid":"adlib-term-134395","uuid":"6496499c-d144-363b-8111-4f8084f131f8"},"summary_title":"table base group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134397","uid":"adlib-term-134397","uuid":"fc942b96-a7da-3d1b-ad6c-d32005c64e38"},"summary_title":"bocage figure group"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-116876","uid":"adlib-term-116876","uuid":"7d48aadc-47e9-3419-98a2-b9d9a5ea75f7"},"summary_title":"spill vase"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Captain Reynolds Collection, London; 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The underside of the base is recessed and glazed, with a central vent hole."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.960-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.960-1928"},{"priref":"76455","type":"priref","value":"76455"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76455","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76455"}],"inscription":[{"type":"no visible mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"rectangular paper label handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"3517. Staffordshire group of a marriage at Gretna Green with inscription \/ sold at Sotheby\u2019s Feb 19 1912."}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. 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Although Rackham, 1935, suggests this attribution, the base here is a-typical and we now know that several potters made figure groups in this style, often copying designs and other features."},{"value":"Earthenware figure groups were popular from around 1810, although the earliest examples date from nearly a century before. They were produced by many small potteries and very few are marked. Classical or literary subjects might be copied from more expensive porcelain examples, but scenes from everyday life and topical events were also increasingly popular. These early figure groups are often complex, with modelled and moulded parts and applied decoration; the backs, though flat, are decorated. As demand increased, processes were streamlined to allow cheaper mass production and by the mid 1830s the earlier methods had largely given way to three-part press-moulding."},{"value":"The Marriage Act of 1753 in England required banns to be read and that under 21 year-olds obtain parental consent. Marriage under Scottish law, however, was quicker and open to any couple over 16. Gretna Green, the first place over the border, therefore became a popular destination for eloping couples and an account in \u2018The Gentleman\u2019s Magazine\u2019 of 1819 records \u2018an elderly nobleman\u2019 arriving to wed a much younger woman. Here John Macdonald, age 79, is marrying a 17 year-old English girl. The source seems to be a print, \u2018Gretna Green, or the Red-Hot Marriage\u2019, 1795, which is also found on Staffordshire plaques and plates. 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The same event with  very similarly modeled and posed figures, though with different base and a spill-holder castle flanked by two bocage trees at the back. 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The gentleman wears a top hat and a frilled shirt with stock and high collar. He has a green coat, over a yellow waistcoat, and pale blue trousers. He carries yellow gloves in his left hand. They stand on a rectangular base, which has marbled black sides and a green top. At the back is a flattened tree stump. 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A cheaper alternative to porcelain figures, they were generally produced by small potteries and very few are marked. Classical or literary subjects might be copied from porcelain examples, but scenes from everyday life and topical events were also increasingly popular. These early figure groups are often complex, with modelled and moulded parts and applied decoration; the backs, though flat, are decorated. As demand increased, processes were streamlined to allow cheaper mass production and by the mid 1830s the earlier methods had largely given way to three-part press-moulding."},{"value":"Some features of the modelling suggest this group might have been made by John Walton of Burslem, as mooted by Bernard Rackham in 1935. However, designs were frequently copied between potteries and this un-marked piece lacks the bocage often found on Walton\u2019s figures."},{"value":"This fashionably dressed man is a \u2018dandy\u2019 \u2013 a gentleman who regards his appearance as important. 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A woman representing Comedy stands on an oval base beside a pedestal and holds a circular shield in her left hand and a mirror in her right. She wears a long, flowing, short-sleeved, green gown and a dark puce pink cloak draped over her left shoulder. The shield is yellow and decorated with a satyr 'smask, the pedestal is red-brown. The base is a pointed oval mound, moulded in relief with flowers and painted in green, blue and red. The back of the figure is flattened, but fully detailed and painted. 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The double pulpit format here seems to be inspired by  William Hogarth's engraving, \u2018The Sleeping Congregation\u2019, which shows the parson preaching while his clerk and the congregation sleep, first published in 1736.\n\nPearlware figures decorated with enamels and showing scenes from everyday life and topical events became popular in the early 19th Century. Early examples are often complex, with modelled and moulded parts and applied decoration; the backs, though flat, are decorated. 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The author notes that subject was listed a number of times in John Wood\u2019s account book.","page":"84","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6492","uid":"adlib-publication-6492","uuid":"8f7a7c8d-d834-39c7-aba5-eddaaff4dd0c"},"summary_title":"English Earthenware Figures 1740-1840"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5796","uid":"adlib-publication-5796","uuid":"f53034c1-658f-3808-ae92-bf4b4c428367"},"summary_title":"People, Passions, Pastimes, and Pleasures, Staffordshire Figures 1810-1835"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Lot 181, a version of the same model, dated c.1785-90, attributed to Wood Family. 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A blacksmith, holding his hands together raised in prayer above a book which lies open on an anvil; the anvil and his hammers sit on top of a grey stump. Opposite him stand a finely dressed young couple, he in yellow breeches and a blue coat, she in a pink dress over a flowered skirt and wearing a feathered hat. A discarded basket lies in the centre."},{"value":"The scene is set  against two trees flanking a twin-turreted castle; the figures stand on a flowered, grassy mound; grey steps run up from the centre front and round the castle. It sits on a four-legged table base, painted brown, with a green top, and decorated with polychrome swags and a small brown moulded dog centre front. The back is painted, it is almost flat but with the backs of the turrets and steps moulded in. The underside of the base is recessed and flat."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.963B-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.963B-1928"},{"priref":"206967","type":"priref","value":"206967"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/206967","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/206967"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L.Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. 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Classical or literary subjects were frequently copied from porcelain examples, but potters increasingly turned to scenes from everyday life and topical events. These early figure groups are often complex, including modelled and moulded parts and applied decoration; the backs, though flat, are decorated; bocage (stylised foliage) is common on groups from c.1810-20. However, as demand increased, processes were streamlined to allow mass production and by c.1835 the earlier, relatively costly, methods had largely given way to three-part press-moulding."},{"value":"Table groups, standing on four or six short legs, were made from c.1825-35; similar features suggest they were made by just a few makers. They have in the past been attributed to Obadaiah Sherratt of Burslem, but without clear evidence; they were probably made by a number of figure makers. However, similarities in the shape and colouring of this table base, the moulded dog \u2018mark\u2019 on the front and the bocage suggest this table base group was made by the same potter as two others in the Fitzwilliam Collection."},{"value":"This is one of a pair of closely related figure groups, representing a marriage at Gretna Green and a christening; both are represented in the collection. Both scenes were also made, with similar composition, by other potters. But as Dr Glaisher notes, here: \u2018the modelling is very good, and the colours are peculiarly good and brilliant, and the details are carefully attended to\u2019. 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sold to Messrs Gill and Reigate; Mr Stoner, London, from whom purchased in 1910 by Dr J.W.L. 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Steps lead up to a stage on which three men are blowing trumpets, one beats a drum and a woman is seated. The stage is framed by yellow and red candy striped columns, with another in the centre, each topped by a lamp, between which red curtains are gathered up. Above is a moulded panel with an elephant, bearing a castle on its back, between two trees; on each tree is a monkey in high relief. Round the panel, on a ribbon, runs the inscription THE . LARGEST . COLLECTION. OF. ANIMALS .WOMBELL\u2019S. IMMENSE. MENAGERIE. OF. WILD. BEATS. ETC. The back is flat, glazed and unpainted. The underside is flat and glazed, with two pad feet at the back corners ; the scrolls form feet at the front."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.961-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.961-1928"},{"priref":"76456","type":"priref","value":"76456"},{"date":[{"earliest":1923,"latest":1923,"value":"1923"}],"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume:  11","type":"old object number","value":"3202"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76456","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76456"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W L. 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Versions on different table or other bases suggest they were made by several potters and sometimes the figures seem to have been made by different potters and\/or moulds shared between potteries, perhaps to save costs.  Figures of individual menagerie animals were also common."},{"value":"Travelling menageries were popular in England from the late 18th Century. Exotic animals, such as lions and elephants had previously only been seen in aristocratic collections; now menageries took them out to the general public. From c.1830s, with the addition of animal tamers\u2019 tricks, brass bands and human performers, the shows evolved into what we now know as circus. Stephani Polito bought the Exeter Change Menagerie, already established in London, c.1810. He died in 1814, but Polito\u2019s Menagerie continued until c.1836. 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Bought by Mr Stoner, London, from whom purchased in 1910 by Dr J.W.L. Glaisher, FRS, Trinity College, Cambridge. Dr Glaisher paid \u00a3125 for this and fourteen other  pieces, as part of a purchase of 35 figures and figure groups."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Vol. l, p. 124, no. 950","page":"124","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1031","uid":"adlib-publication-1031","uuid":"a5cc6cb3-2b6f-390a-af51-7e9d123e55ed"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Glaisher Collection of Pottery and Porcelain in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. A very similar figure in the Stoke-on-Trent Museum and Art Gallery, but with a longer pump handle and without the ball atop the pump. 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He stands on an irregular green mound against a tree with three branches. The man wears a black hat, pale green tunic, black knee buckles, white stockings and black shoes. The back is flattened, but shaped and painted. The underside of the base is open, showing the hollow interior."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"EC.2-1944","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"EC.2-1944"},{"priref":"76906","type":"priref","value":"76906"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76906","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76906"}],"inscription":[{"location":"lower back of figure","method":"impressed into relief scroll","transcription":[{"value":"WALTON"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Captain W. M. 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Walton made a number of versions of this figure. Other potters also made figures in this style, often copying designs and other features from each other."},{"value":"Pearlware earthenware figures decorated with enamels were in production by 1780. They were generally made at smaller potteries and are rarely marked. A cheaper alternative to porcelain figures, they drew on a variety of 3-D sources, including sculpture and porcelain figures. Classical, biblical, mythological and literary subjects were popular, as were animals and representations of rural life, seasons and trades.  From the early 19th Century, scenes from everyday life and topical events were also common. These early figures are moulded, perhaps with moulded or modelled parts added, the bases often formed separately. After around 1810-1820, bocage (stylised foliage) is common and figures are often more vibrantly coloured. 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D. (Frances Louisa), Mrs"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42858","uid":"adlib-term-42858","uuid":"28dd1a37-f2da-31c5-a8b7-684957070a75"},"summary_title":"pearlware"}],"component":[{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Depth","value":"12.5"}]},"name":"Base"},{"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"slightly blue tinted, brown, and greyish-blue"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}}]},{"name":"Parts","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120085","uid":"adlib-term-120085","uuid":"68c62b7c-aaf4-38a5-a1be-4d6c615c0714"},"summary_title":"press-moulding"}}]},{"name":"Pulpit","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"earthenware slab-built, press-moulded and modelled in several parts, decorated with translucent slightly blue tinted, brown, and greyish-blue lead glazes"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120106","uid":"adlib-term-120106","uuid":"3f0f1333-3fd0-3cf3-9df5-b126d63c9c64"},"summary_title":"slab-building"}}]}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware decorated with brown, blue and clear lead glazes: s sleeping parson and his clerk reading in a two tier pulpit"},{"value":"Cream earthenware, press-moulded and modelled, and decorated with brown, blue, and clear lead-glazes. Figure group comprising a square double tier pulpit; at the top, an elderly sleeping vicar with his head resting on his left hand; at the bottom, a younger speaking clerk with his left hand raised in benediction. Each  figure has his right hand draped over the lectern on the front of his pulpit, on which rests an open bible.   The pulpit is slab-built as an open vessel, into which the moulded figures have been put. On each of the four front corners below the lecterns, it has a winged cherub's head in relief. The modelling of the figures is very fine, showing the folds of the clothing, the finger nails, the ringlets of the vicar\u2019s wig and the clerk\u2019s buttons. The vicar wears a wig and clerical dress. The clerk has a blue jacket and the pulpit is mid brown, hands and faces are pale pinkish brown, other parts are white. \u2018THE VICAR \/ AND MOSES\u2019 is impressed on the front of the lower pulpit. The underside is flat and unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.21-1929","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.21-1929"},{"priref":"73131","type":"priref","value":"73131"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/73131","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/73131"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on front of pulpit","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"THE VICAR\/AND MOSES"}],"type":"inscription"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Mrs W.D. Dickson"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-180712","uid":"adlib-agent-180712","uuid":"855e3948-593a-3b3c-9d66-028df74284fe"},"summary_title":"Dickson, W. D. (Frances Louisa), Mrs"}],"date":[{"earliest":1929,"latest":1929,"value":"1929-05-21"}],"method":{"value":"given"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1783,"from":{"earliest":1783,"era":["CE"],"latest":1783,"precision":"circa","value":"1783"},"latest":1795,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1795,"era":["CE"],"latest":1795,"precision":"circa","value":"1795"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"probably","role":[{"value":"potter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-167262","uid":"adlib-agent-167262","uuid":"b4ed69e6-df29-3832-a345-808895b7e3cd"},"summary_title":"Wood, Ralph, II"}],"note":[{"value":"Ralph Wood of Burslem made the earliest Staffordshire figure groups of The Vicar and Moses, decorated with coloured glazes, c. 1783-1795. An example in the City Museum and art Gallery, Stoke-on-Trent, has the impressed mark, 'Ra. Wood\/Burslem'. Similar groups decorated in enamel colours appeared from the early 1800s and versions were made throughout the century. See, for example, Fitzwilliam Museum C.916-1928.These all feature the double pulpit and sleeping vicar, but variations in quality and modelling show they were produced by different potters - the Fitzwilliam holds two such different versions \u2013 and there are also later copies in circulation. A different group with the same title was made by Enoch Wood, c.1790-1810, and shows the clerk leading the drunken vicar home. A satirical ballad, \u2018The Vicar and Moses\u2019, by George Alexander Stevens, published c. 1772, which tells of a drunken vicar assisted in his duties by his clerk, Moses, almost certainly influenced the production of both these groups. The double pulpit format here seems to be inspired by William Hogarth's engraving, \u2018The Sleeping Congregation\u2019, which shows the vicar preaching while his Clerk and the congregation sleep, first published in 1736.\n\nFigures showing scenes from everyday life and topical events became popular from the late 18th Century. 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The source for this figure was a coloured lithograph of Liston in nine of his best known roles, originally published in 1826. Six of the other roles are also found in pottery figures."},{"value":"Pearlware figures decorated with enamels were in production by 1780. They were generally made at smaller potteries and are rarely marked. A cheaper alternative to porcelain figures, they drew on a variety of 3-D sources, including sculpture and porcelain figures. Classical, biblical, mythological and literary subjects were popular, as were animals and representations of rural life, seasons and trades.  From the early 19th Century, scenes from everyday life and topical events were also common. These early figures are moulded, perhaps with moulded or modelled parts added, the bases often formed separately. After around 1810-1820, figures are often more vibrantly coloured. But by c.1835, these early methods had largely given way to three-part press-moulding, enabling cheaper production of figures for a growing market."},{"value":"Very similar figures with this colouring and base include examples  marked by  Enoch Wood (1759-1840) of Burslem.  Others, with similar modelling but different colours and base (including Fitzwilliam, C.990-1928) are probably by another maker. It was not uncommon for the Staffordshire potters to borrow designs from each other and c.1830 a similar 14cm figurine was also made by Robert Bloor & Co of Derby."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120816","uid":"adlib-term-120816","uuid":"b8c35cb6-f02f-34c9-9dda-b3120e12c749"},"summary_title":"19th Century, second quarter"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108171","uid":"adlib-term-108171","uuid":"c943fe08-bd72-32ab-823c-e1eeb56717b3"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Burslem"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107611","uid":"adlib-term-107611","uuid":"790e5a19-a186-34d5-a16e-2d8dff9f6247"},"summary_title":"white earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Base","units":"cm","value":"6"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"18.5"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47899","uid":"adlib-media-47899","uuid":"965b7251-2668-3e2d-8153-75ef9983c765"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_991_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616267570972,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_991_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616267570972,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_991_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616267570972,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_991_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616267570972,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47900","uid":"adlib-media-47900","uuid":"4d382a8d-e423-3481-81e1-e6d04199c703"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_991_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616253228969,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/mid_C_991_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616253228969,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/C_991_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616253228969,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa8\/preview_C_991_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616253228969,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134443","uid":"adlib-term-134443","uuid":"1f927ae4-091f-35a9-b59f-e49a35bcf525"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire figure  (early)"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"From the collection of Percy Fitzgerald Esq., FSA  (1834-1925) of 37 St George\u2019s Road, S.W.. Bought at Christie\u2019s on 24 January 1908, lot 14, by Mr Thomas Sutton of Eastbourne for Dr J.W.L. Glaisher, Trinity College, Cambridge. 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Plate 49:  a very similar figure in the Brighton Art Gallery and Museum; Plate 48: Liston in another role with the lithograph from which it comes; p.410, John Liston biography.","page":"410, 439","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3585","uid":"adlib-publication-3585","uuid":"784308ef-9535-3132-970c-45af8a273a64"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures and Allied Subjects of the Victorian Era"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p.41, B54, ill. p.38 bottom centre. 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A woman representing Tragedy, standing on an oval base beside a tombstone with a skull in relief. She holds a dagger in her right hand and a cup in her left. She wears a long, flowing, sleeveless, green gown and a dark puce cloak draped over her right shoulder. The tombstone is grey and inscribed \u2018Momento \u2026ori\u2019 [for \u2018memento mori\u2019]. The base is a pointed oval mound, moulded in relief with flowers and painted in green, blue and red. The back of the figure is flattened, but fully detailed and painted. 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The back is flat, curving up the back of the fa\u00e7ade and painted brown. The underside is glazed but unpainted, with three circular vent holes."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.965-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.965-1928"},{"priref":"76465","type":"priref","value":"76465"},{"source":"Glaisher MS Catalogue, vol. 24","type":"old object number","value":"4211"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76465","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76465"}],"inscription":[{"type":"no visible mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"rectangular paper label handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"No. 4211. Staffordshire group of Polito\u2019s Menagerie. 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Figures of individual menagerie animals were also common."},{"value":"Travelling menageries were popular in England from the late 18th Century. Exotic animals, such as lions and elephants had previously only been seen in aristocratic collections; now menageries took them out to the general public. From c.1830s, with the addition of animal tamers\u2019 tricks, brass bands and human performers, the shows evolved into what we now know as circus. Stephani Polito bought the Exeter Change Menagerie, already established in London c.1810. He died in 1814, but Polito\u2019s Menagerie continued until c.1836. 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