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As with the Army equivalent and the East India Company's related award, many of the battles for which the medal was awarded had been fought so long ago that few if any claimants survived.\nIn addition, bars were awarded for many actions whose significance and size were, despite the heroism displayed by those involved, relatively minor. The result was that many of the bars were issued in tiny numbers, with some combinations all but unique, and the medals command a very high price among collectors because of this rarity and individuality. This in turn, along with the manufacture in most cases of more bars than were eventually issued, has led to the `improvement' of many common awards where recipients' names are shared with those present at `rarer' battles. The medal also shares with the Military General Service and Army of India Medals the oddity that Queen Victoria, whose portrait they bear, was not the ruler under whom the battles for which it was awarded were fought.\nSome of the smallest actions for which the NGSM was awarded were fought not from ships, but from ships' boats, combats which could on occasions be no less dangerous or destructive than ship-to-ship battles. This bar was given for two separate actions on the Elk River in Chesapeake Bay, in which landing parties from 8 Royal Navy vessels went upriver to destroy United States ships and stores; they sank five vessels in the first engagement, at Frenchtown (the night of 29 April), and on their return down the river on 3 May were fired upon by a US battery at Havre-de-Grace and therefore landed and destroyed it.\nEarly recipients of the NGSM with this clasp received one that read \"29 April Boat Service 1813\" but as a similar clasp had already been issued for a different battle the one for these engagements was rapidly revised to the version seen here, which was awarded to Lieutenant G. Bishop, of the 38-gun 5th-rate frigate HMS Statira. The presence of such a man aboard the vessel at this time is verified, and the Medals Roll confirms the award of the piece to him. Lester Watson purchased the medal from the dealer Gifford at some point before 1928; it had previously been auctioned at the London house of Glendining in January 1903."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"CM.1391-2009","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"CM.1391-2009"},{"priref":"141485","type":"priref","value":"141485"},{"type":"Watson Catalogue","value":"299"},{"type":"ordering","value":"M-0274"},{"type":"previous object number","value":"LW.0274"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141485","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141485"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Bust of Victoria facing left"}],"location":"obverse","transcription":[{"value":"VICTORIA REGINA"}],"type":"design"},{"description":[{"value":"Britannia with trident seated sideways on 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China rejected this demand, and resentment on the ground eventually came to a boil with the seizure by Chinese authorities of a Hong Kong steamer, the Arrow, which the British claimed as a breach of their rights. In retaliation British forces seized the fort of Guangzhou (Canton), with help from US naval vessels, but were driven out of the city when its people and soldiery ignored their governor's order not to resist. Reinforcements for the British were soon sent from India, although slowly because of the concurrent First War of Indian Independence (usually known as the Indian Mutiny).\nSimilar tensions and incidents led to France joining Britain in the war, and coalition forces once massed took Guangzhou in 1857, exiling the governor, Ye Mingshen, to India where he died of self-imposed starvation. An initial treaty was settled between France, Russia, the USA and Britain at Tientsin in 1858, although the Taku Forts that guard the entry to the Hai He River had had to be captured to permit this. The Chinese authority of the Chinese signatory to the Treaty was disputable, and when China refused to honour the Treaty's terms further fighting ensued.\nThe recipient of this medal, Private William Smith of the 31st Regiment, was involved in the 1858 capture of the Taku Forts which permitted the advance to Tientsin. His medal was purchased by Lester Watson at some point before 1928."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"CM.1175-2009","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"CM.1175-2009"},{"priref":"141269","type":"priref","value":"141269"},{"type":"Watson Catalogue","value":"61"},{"type":"ordering","value":"M-0058"},{"type":"previous object number","value":"LW.0058"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141269","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/141269"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Bust of Victoria facing left"}],"location":"obverse","transcription":[{"value":"VICTORIA REGINA"}],"type":"design"},{"description":[{"value":"Collection of war trophies including a royal shield below palm tree"}],"location":"reverse","type":"design"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam 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Since British influence over Afghanistan competed with the Burmese kingdom of Ava and Russia, the region beyond the frontier, composed of a large number of more-or-less independent tribal statelets, was of great importance to British interests and required continual suppression by `punitive expeditions'. For the lesser ones of these the North West Frontier bar was awarded in 1869, although some expeditions were thought to merit individual bars. Later campaigns received bars of their own, and the last bar awarded for the India General Service Medal was one of these, for a campaign into Waziristan in 1894 and 1895. A party whose task was to delineate the frontier with Afghanistan had been attacked and embroiled in a fierce battle at its camp; this merited the kind of punishment that these campaigns were designed to deliver.\nSouth Waziristan was for a short time in 2006 an independent Islamic fundamentalist state declared in defiance of Pakistan, of which it had otherwise been part since 1947. As Pakistan with suspected al-Qaeda terrorists in 2006, so Britain with fundamentalist insurgents in 1894. Among the troops sent to quell the earlier revolt was Private T. Savage of the 2nd Border Regiment, whose medal this is. 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His early successes in expelling British forces from his borders led to a retaliation in force, including the bombing of his capital by the RAF, which was a key factor in forcing an Afghan surrender later in 1919.\nThe ignominious defeat of Afghan forces in this campaign left considerable dissatisfaction among the border tribesmen, resulting in persistent raiding, and various British punitive expeditions included one against the Mahsud tribe of what was by then independent Waziristan (which spent most of 2006 again partly independent, in defiance of Pakistani claims) in the winter of 1919-1920.\nSeemingly present in both the Afghan and Mahsud campaigns was Private Chowrimuthoo of the 1st Battalion, 61st Pioneers, whose medal this is. 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