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The sides are decorated with diagonally placed sprays of alternately yellow and blue flowers, with above a dark crimson band entwined with curved gold lines. The rim is encircled by a dentilated gold band."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.194 & A-1918","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.194 & A-1918"},{"priref":"86623","type":"priref","value":"86623"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86623","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86623"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of cup and saucer","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced Ls enclosing KK"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on base of kup and saucer","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"V."}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"41 with the 1 slanting to the right"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"incised underglaze","transcription":[{"value":"41"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"description":[{"value":"3 a dash, longer than shown above, 1 slanting, possibly 31 or 37"}],"location":"on base of saucer","method":"incised underglaze","transcription":[{"value":"3-1 or 37"}],"type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Ralph Griffin, MA, FSA"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-166982","uid":"adlib-agent-166982","uuid":"379e05a8-af03-3c3f-8302-1ff6e68b6c8b"},"summary_title":"Griffin, Ralph"}],"date":[{"earliest":1918,"latest":1918,"value":"1918"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1918-08-28"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1787,"era":["CE"],"latest":1787,"note":[{"value":"Both pieces bear the date letter for 1787"}],"value":"1787"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-175457","uid":"adlib-agent-175457","uuid":"6e9d1bf1-1dae-33ad-bff1-1da53a119152"},"summary_title":"Noualher, Antoinette-Marie"}],"note":[{"value":"Cups decorated with initials were a new venture initiated by the comte d\u2019Angiviller in the summer of 1784, after he had seen Clignancourt cups decorated in this way. Between then and 1789 over 1000 were produced. Sir Geoffrey de Bellaigue cites over 80 in 1784, over 400 in 1785,nearly 500 in 1786, about 160 in 1787 and fewer than 20 in 1788. (See Documentation, Bellaigue, 1980)."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Savill, 1988, Bellaigue 2009)  This is a gobelet litron of the second size with Savill's handle B."},{"value":"The incised mark on the cup, 41, is recorded on cups and saucers in the 1780s and 1790s, and on two vases of 1779 and 1780 respectively. It also occurs on C.56-1961, a cup of 1784, also on a saucer of 1780 in the Royal Collection"},{"value":"The painter's mark does not occur in MS Vj\u20192 but has been deduced from payments in the Artistis Lists of payments as that of Mme Antoinette-Marie Noualher (n\u00e9e Huet) , working from c. 1762-98. An almost similar mark was used by her daughter from c. 1790-98, and possibly earlier in the late 1780s, who about 1796 became Mme Weydinger."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106779","uid":"adlib-term-106779","uuid":"f0706fcd-d94c-3987-bcb5-f7f794332b6a"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis 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Vol.  I, p. 63 and 83, for the mark of Madame Nouailher, and her daughter, Madame Weydinger","page":"63, 73","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5542","uid":"adlib-publication-5542","uuid":"2a50a06d-9569-3541-8bd6-d98d1f9c6081"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Plates and Services of the 18th Century"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 73-4, for the donor","page":"73-4","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002106","uid":"adlib-publication-200002106","uuid":"d82cafb7-c6c6-3cb1-8e1b-13e2b9800dd0"},"summary_title":"Obituary Notices,  Ralph Hare Griffin"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis XVI"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-96297","uid":"adlib-term-96297","uuid":"8b31cd67-001c-30a6-94e0-a0ad4fde0a63"},"summary_title":"wheelbarrow"},{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-89389","uid":"adlib-term-89389","uuid":"c00f24e8-508b-3432-9eec-6ddac5df8732"},"summary_title":"jar"},{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106412","uid":"adlib-term-106412","uuid":"0f1ffc4f-6c99-37a2-9499-f8375bc22b40"},"summary_title":"letter"},{"@link":{"relation":"plant","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107622","uid":"adlib-term-107622","uuid":"523e46be-6c51-3455-8391-3ea334aab2f0"},"summary_title":"flowers"},{"@link":{"relation":"place type","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-52412","uid":"adlib-term-52412","uuid":"e46c8ee4-aa94-38e2-9b27-1f8035f02b23"},"summary_title":"garden"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"wheelbarrow"}],"summary_title":"wheelbarrow"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"jar"}],"summary_title":"jar"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"letter"}],"summary_title":"letter"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"flowers"}],"summary_title":"flowers"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"garden"}],"summary_title":"garden"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-91165","uid":"adlib-term-91165","uuid":"d22ea1ae-0f87-36a8-8ece-86eb0f380b42"},"summary_title":"cup"}},"summary_title":"cup","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Gobelet litron et soucoupe"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-86622","_score":17.061354,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592970448000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-86622","indexed":1755194528892,"modified":1610463592000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-86622","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86622","uuid":"64e08a4d-8c18-3d01-8442-6660a68ccd0b","version":7},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-117089","uid":"adlib-term-117089","uuid":"70d59fbc-64f7-304e-a336-bf6d65a433a8"},"summary_title":"Louis C. G. Clarke"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"in green, orange-red, turquoise and white enamels"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28662","uid":"adlib-term-28662","uuid":"dd47e505-ccda-3f2b-b576-6104109430e8"},"summary_title":"enamelling"}}]},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"5.5"}]},"name":"Rim"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"7.6"}]},"name":"Including Handle"}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain cup, decorated with gold paillons and jewelling in translucent and opaque enamels"},{"value":"Soft-paste porcelain, decorated with gold paillons and with translucent green, and red, and opaque turquoise and white enamels. Cylindrical cup with an arched and incurved loop handle. The upper part of the cup is decorated with alternately facing and backing green foliated scrolls, linked by swags of red and turquoise blue 'jewels' and separated by stylised flowers and leaves. The lower part is decorated by a border of paired berries with stylised buds between them. There is a band of gilding round the lower edge, a dentilated band round the rim, gold lines down the sides of the handle which has a large leaf and two small trilobate leaves separated by dots of graduated size down its back."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.56-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.56-1961"},{"priref":"86622","type":"priref","value":"86622"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86622","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86622"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"painted in faded gold","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing 99"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"IP joined together by the arc of the P, or HP with second stroke of H and P having same stroke"}],"location":"on base","method":"painted in gold","transcription":[{"value":"IP or HP monogram"}],"type":"gilder's mark"},{"location":"on base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"41"}],"type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1960,"latest":1960,"value":"1960"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1961-04-27"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1784,"era":["CE"],"latest":1784,"value":"1784"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"uncertain","role":[{"value":"gilder"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-110671","uid":"adlib-agent-110671","uuid":"3eca4388-f66f-3727-af9c-e8bcb76157f2"},"summary_title":"Pr\u00e9vost, Jean Louis"}],"note":[{"value":"Eighteenth-century jewelling on S\u00e8vres porelain was often executed with blue ground colour or other darkish colours, but there are examples with a white ground. For example, two juice pots, one with cover, jewelled in green, red, and turquoise on a white ground gilded by Vincent (2000), and dated to c. 1780 and are in the Hermitage. (See Documentation Birioukova and Kasakevitch, 2005),  A milk jug in the British Museum, also with 2000 gilder\u2019s mark, is described as 18th century, with decoration later, probably late 19th century. (see Documentation, Dawson, 1994).  It is possible that this cup was decorated in the 19th century. A miniature gobelet litron with decoration very close to that on the Fitzwilliam's cup is at Haughton, Norfolk."},{"value":"Jewelled enamelling is recorded as being introduced by Philippe Parpette, a flower painter at the factory, and Joseph Cotteau, an Parisian enameller in 1778. Parpette worked mainly on this type of decoration between 1780-5. The latter left the factory in 1784, and after 1786 this type of decoration was rarely executed. The jewelled decoration was created by placing drops of translucent or opaque enamel over gold foils of different shapes formed by steel dies, and firing them so that they fused. The motif was then attached to the porcelain by an enamel and fired again at a lower temperature. This technique had been used much earlier on silver foil on early 16th century Limoges enamels on copper, and was also used, somewhat differently to create jewel effects on gold snuffboxes. The designs were usually by J.-B.-E. Genest, head of the artists\u2019 studio, and the steel dies were made by the Parisian engraver Jean-Pascal Le Guay (see Documentation, Bellaigue, 1979)"},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Savill, 1988, Bellaigue 2009,)\n\nThis is a gobelet litron of the third size with Savill's handle shape B."},{"value":"When inventoried by Sotheby\u2019s in October 1948, the gilding  was attributed to Henry-Martin Pr\u00e9vost, but the joined form of the HP or IP is not similar to his mark."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120998","uid":"adlib-term-120998","uuid":"f836095f-43c8-3016-826a-de974dd72678"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late-19th Century, Mid"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"5.8"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-59082","uid":"adlib-media-59082","uuid":"bab6b3ec-c65b-308c-a13c-7fb663271ef1"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa23\/C_56_1961.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":642}]},"modified":1616274703421,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa23\/mid_C_56_1961.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":592},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616274703421,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa23\/C_56_1961.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":760},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":642}]},"modified":1616274703421,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa23\/preview_C_56_1961.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":296},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616274703421,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-1504262525","source":"portfolio","uid":"portfolio-media-1504262525","uuid":"2af0b94c-24e7-3b40-b0d9-1736fc6bc66e"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"portfolio\/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C\/437\/134\/large_C_56_1961_200904_mfj22_mas.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":1279},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":1024}]},"modified":1529203013000,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"portfolio\/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C\/437\/134\/mid_C_56_1961_200904_mfj22_mas.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":624},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1529203013000,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"location":"C.56-1961_200904_mfj22_mas.tif","modified":1529203013000,"processed":true,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"portfolio\/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C\/437\/134\/preview_C_56_1961_200904_mfj22_mas.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":312},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1529203013000,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"zoom":{"format":"pyramid tiff","location":"portfolio\/F25982D9_7CB9_CFFF_028E_8BBFC531887C\/437\/134\/C_56_1961_200904_mfj22_mas.ptif","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":4262},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":3413}]},"modified":1529203013000,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","source":{"title":[{"primary":true,"type":"main title","value":"Cup, Sevres Factory"}]},"type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-91165","uid":"adlib-term-91165","uuid":"d22ea1ae-0f87-36a8-8ece-86eb0f380b42"},"summary_title":"cup"}},{"type":"factory name","value":"gobelet litron"},{"type":"category","value":"teaware"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Louis C.G. Clarke, MA, Leckhampton, Cambridge"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-86623","uid":"adlib-object-86623","uuid":"19fa13f2-a828-3152-8f36-655836767bf5"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-91165","uid":"adlib-term-91165","uuid":"d22ea1ae-0f87-36a8-8ece-86eb0f380b42"},"summary_title":"cup"}},"summary_title":"cup"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-75632","uid":"adlib-object-75632","uuid":"967f3464-e849-3b10-92fa-80c8e6023d54"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-107532","uid":"adlib-term-107532","uuid":"f00fbddb-30d4-39ff-bcf3-a87fbac64158"},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"}},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Ref., p. 132 no. 46 for the gobelet litron form","page":"p. 132","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3637","uid":"adlib-publication-3637","uuid":"5eb27a85-d31c-3b6f-b09e-8e02f712649c"},"summary_title":"The James A. de Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon Manor, S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Vol. II, pp. 501-2, for the gobelet litron form, sizes, title, introduction, use, and sales records. Cf. Two cups and saucers and a milk jug with a combination of beau bleu ground and jewelling on bands of plain porcelain, pp. 636-7, nos. C.421-3, illustrated pp. 638-9 respectively.","page":"501-2","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2709","uid":"adlib-publication-2709","uuid":"e4899c4a-b889-3004-9341-697b98920a9f"},"summary_title":"The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 104, for the introduction of gold paillons and jewels at S\u00e8vres, and pl. on p. 103","page":"103-04","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3671","uid":"adlib-publication-3671","uuid":"5a0e7ed7-b0be-33c8-a7b3-4b7dca0fda70"},"summary_title":"La Manufacture de Porcelaine de S\u00e8vres"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6636","uid":"adlib-publication-6636","uuid":"8a6e2d82-65e4-3d44-a739-2e4c393fd9c6"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3879","uid":"adlib-publication-3879","uuid":"79ac4b01-50d0-3dad-9e3e-37c9e3dcfedf"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain from the Royal Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 397 for technique of jewelling","page":"p. 397","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002872","uid":"adlib-publication-200002872","uuid":"acf702a9-5c0e-3e04-a7d4-84ca3ec5df21"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres enamelled porcelain: eight dies (and a quarrel) rediscovered"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3616","uid":"adlib-publication-3616","uuid":"7ae45eaf-b5a1-314c-856f-7e3419f1a94e"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain, A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5976","uid":"adlib-publication-5976","uuid":"7c4b2d91-bb08-3697-bd4d-29880542e1ac"},"summary_title":"Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Ermitage, La porcelaine de S\u00e8vres du XVIII si\u00e8cle, Catalogue de la Collection"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis XVI"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-91165","uid":"adlib-term-91165","uuid":"d22ea1ae-0f87-36a8-8ece-86eb0f380b42"},"summary_title":"cup"}},"summary_title":"cup","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain decorated with gold paillons and with green, orange-red, turquoise and white enamels."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-111179","uid":"adlib-term-111179","uuid":"be5c887b-c0ed-3d89-82b2-c3a870e72a68"},"summary_title":"moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Gobelet litron"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-82590","_score":17.061354,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999705000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-82590","indexed":1755194529051,"modified":1611142640000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-82590","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82590","uuid":"2ad75b77-820d-38fd-867b-a4dc73903614","version":7},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107444","uid":"adlib-term-107444","uuid":"571df7cf-e062-3968-ae5e-bec9d5a82f92"},"summary_title":"C. 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The cup is cylindrical with an ear-shaped scroll handle. The saucer is circular with flat central area and sloping sides. Both pieces have a suspension hole in the rootrings. The cup has a bleu c\u00e9leste ground with an elongated oval reserve on the front framed by a gold band, tooled alternately with panels of criss-crosses and striations, and painted in polychrome with a floral spray. There is a band of gilding round the foot, a dentilated band round the lip, and lines down the sides of the handle. The saucer has a bleu c\u00e9leste ground on the sides, and a circular reserve in the centre,framed by a similarly tooled gold band, and painted in polychrome with a different floral spray. 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Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Saville, 1988, Bellaigue 2009).\n\nThis is a gobelet litron and saucer of the third size, with Savill's handle C. \n\nBleu c\u00e9leste was an overglaze ground colour introduced in 1753. It was was often combined with flower painting in the reserves."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis 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Cylindrical cup with ear-shaped handle. Circular saucer with convex central area and deep, sloping sides. Both pieces have a suspension hole in the footrim.                                                                       Both pieces have a white ground. The front of the cup is painted in polychrome with a trophy comprising a guitar tied with a bow of dark pink ribbon, a recorder, and another wind instruments, an arrow, an houlette decked with a dark pink ribbon and garland of leaves, surrounded by a chased gold frame of approximately three-quarters of a circle tooled panels of trellis alternating with smaller plain areas . On each side of the frame there is a gold lozenge enclosing four spots in dotted circles from which are suspended trailing sprays of gilt leaves which cross over under the handle. Round the top of the cup there is a sable d'or border between bands of gilding and there is a further band of gilding round the foot. There are gold lines down the sides of the handle and four horizontal bands of vertical strokes down its back.                                                                                          The centre of the saucer is painted  with a gardening trophy comprising a basket of grapes, a hoe, a stick, and a horn surrounded by a band of gilding. The sides are decorated with three gold lozenges similar to those on the cup, linked by trailing sprays of gilt leaves. The border is en suite with that of the cup."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.2 & A-X","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.2 & A-X"},{"priref":"72980","type":"priref","value":"72980"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72980","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72980"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of both pieces","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing M"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"an anchor"}],"location":"on base of both pieces","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on the cup","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"script J6 or I6 or 9C"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on the saucer","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"6 or 9"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Donor and date of acquisition unknown"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149652","uid":"adlib-agent-149652","uuid":"0d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98"},"summary_title":"Unknown"}],"method":{"value":"unknown"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1765,"era":["CE"],"latest":1765,"value":"1765"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-20788","uid":"adlib-agent-20788","uuid":"67caff28-28b1-35ff-b568-b398a88d7c1a"},"summary_title":"Buteux, Charles"}],"note":[{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups.The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being earlier (records are lacking).The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms. A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis) They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux and d'Albis, 1991, Savill, 1988, Bellaigue, 2009)"},{"value":"This is a gobelet litron of the second size which was in production by 1753 with Savill's handle shape C, and tooling pattern 5. The trophies are typical of the gaily coloured ones painted by Charles Buteux. Unsuccessful as a figure painter in his early years at the factory, he became ts most prolific painter of trophies and attributes."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis XV"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"presumed 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Cylindrical cup with arched and incurved handle. Circular saucer with flat central area and deep sloping sides. There is a suspension hole in the footring of the saucer. Both pieces have a pale yellow ground. The lower part of the cup is painted in blue with a continuous landscape including buildings and figures, beneath which there is a band of purple. Above the landscape there is a dainty border of undulating blue garlands, manganese-purple dots in threes one above the other, and U-shapes. Round the rim there is a gold band, a reserved white band and a purple band. There are gold lines down the sides of the handle, a stylised leaf, and two smaller trefoil leaves seaparated by dots down its back. The central area of the saucer is decorated with a circular wreath of the same border pattern as the cup. The sides are decorated en suite with those of the cup, but the landscape is different and includes ships as well as buildings and figures. 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Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Savill, 1988, Pr\u00e9sux and d'Albis, 1991, Bellaigue 2009) This is a gobelet litron and soucoupe of the third size with Savill's handle shape B."},{"value":"Yellow grounds were not really popular until about 1775 and then continued to be so through the 1780s, particularly after 1787. 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Yellow grounds were not very common prior to 1775 after which they became increasingly fashionable, especially after 1787."},{"value":"The painter's mark is not precisely like any listed by Brunet, 1953 (see documentation), but it is fairly close to alternative fig. 18 in Desir\u00e9 Riocreux's chart, see Jacquemart and Blant, 1862 (in documentation), attributed to Mme Bunel, n\u00e9e Buteux, painter of 'bouquets detach\u00e9s', who was working at the factory 1778-1816 according to Mlle Brunet, who gave the other mark illustrated by Riocreux MB. 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Cylindrical cup with a double-curved handle. The front is painted with a crown of blue flowers and green leaves above a script T made up of pink roses and green leaves, surrounded by an oval frame of chased gilding bordered by polychrome flowers. A border of stylized gilt leaves runs round the  upper edge, and bands of gilding encircle the foot and lip. The handle has gold lines on the sides, and stylized leaves and flowerlets down its back."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.230-1918","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.230-1918"},{"priref":"86618","type":"priref","value":"86618"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86618","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/86618"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"48 with a semi-circular curved strok beside it"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"48"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"on base of cup","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"9 or 6"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"on base of cup","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced Ls enclosing G over G"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"square with dot in the middle"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"square with dot in the middle"}],"type":"painter's mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Ralph Griffin, MA, FSA"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-166982","uid":"adlib-agent-166982","uuid":"379e05a8-af03-3c3f-8302-1ff6e68b6c8b"},"summary_title":"Griffin, Ralph"}],"date":[{"earliest":1918,"latest":1918,"value":"1918"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1918-08-28"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1784,"era":["CE"],"latest":1784,"note":[{"value":"The cup bears the date letter for 1784"}],"precision":"circa","value":"1784"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-132960","uid":"adlib-agent-132960","uuid":"bd456402-c544-35ae-a88d-dd72b1683e3f"},"summary_title":"Tardy, Claude-Antoine"}],"note":[{"value":"Cups decorated with initials were a new venture initiated by the comte d\u2019Angiviller in the summer of 1784, after he had seen Clignancourt cups decorated in this way. Between then and 1789 over 1000 were produced. Sir Geoffrey de Bellaigure (see Documentation) cited over 80 in 1784, over 400 in 1785,nearly 500 in 1786, about 160 in 1787 and fewer than 20 in 1788. He  identified this as possibly as one of three gobelet litron decorated by Tardy for which he received payment shortly after \n19 August in 1784 (MNS Vj\u20193, fo. 257). Floral initials were also painted by C.-N. Buteux."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)\n\nThis is a gobelet litron of the second size with Savill's handle B. This size was usually supplied separately rather than in a tea set. 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The elongated, lobed oval vase stands on a low foot, and has a slightly concave back and a bowed front. The rim is curved and rises at either end to form handles, moulded from half way up the sides with acanthus leaves. The glaze on the interior has areas of blue and grey speckling. There are two suspension holes in the footring.                                                     The ground is bluish-green with an oval reserve on the front and back framed by wide bands of gilding tooled with short lines crossed at intervals by crossed ribbons, and flanked by rectangular vertical panels filled by four vertical rows of gold dotted circles. The reserve on the curved side is painted in polychrome enamels with a harbour scene featuring two sailors leaning on a barrel beside a fire, and behind them three others working on the rigging of a ship. The shore on the right is backed by  high cliffs, and on the left, the sea extends to the horizon. The reserve on the back is painted with a spray of flowers with a flying bird on each side The handles are white with touches of gilding on the moulded leaves. There is a band of gilding round the foot and a dentilated band round the rim."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.35-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.35-1961"},{"priref":"74645","type":"priref","value":"74645"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74645","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74645"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"painted in manganese-purple  enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing O"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"a quaver"}],"location":"on base, at one side of factory mark","method":"painted in violet enamel","type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"vertical line with a circle at the top, and running through shape"}],"location":"on base","method":"incised","type":"incised mark"},{"description":[{"value":"rectangular discoloured white paper label"}],"location":"on base","method":"inscribed in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"From the collections of\/Lord Willoughby D'Eresbyof\/Marquess of Lincolnshire"}],"type":"label"},{"location":"on base","method":"printed in black and hand-written in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"SEVRES (printed) Date\/1767\/PtR. CORNAILE"}],"type":"label"},{"description":[{"value":"small rectangular buff paper label"}],"location":"on base","method":"printed","transcription":[{"value":"39"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1960,"latest":1960,"value":"1960"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Lord Carrington married for the second time to Charlotte Augusta Annabella, 2nd and youngest surviving sister, and coheir of Alberic, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby. On her death, their son Charles Robert Carrington inherited a moiety of the office of Joint Hereditary Great Chamberlain of England, held by his maternal grandfather and maternal uncle, both Lords Willoughby d'Eresby. Hence this name appearing on the label with Marquess of Lincolnshire. 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This example is of the third size which ranged from height 10 to 11.3 cm and length 23.7 to 24.4 cm. The moulds and models for three sizes were mentioned in the work of 1754 in the inventory of January 1755 (MNS, Inventaire de 1755 I 7, pp. 6, 8), A design survives  which shows outlines of two sizes of the plan, and three sizes of the elevation (MNS R.1, liasse 3, dossier 1, fol. 3). The drawing was illustrated by Rosalind Savill in her 'Catalogue of the Wallace Collection '(see Documention). She provided an extensive list of examples of the various sizes, including under the third size the Fitzwilliam\u2019s, and examples in the Frick Collection, New York, the British Museum, London, the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, and the Louvre, Paris. \n\nThis example is a genuine piece of S\u00e8vres soft paste, and bears an incised mark which also appears one of a pair of caisse \u00e0  fleurs at Waddesdon Manor,  and on two of a set of three cuvettes \u00e0 tombeau, in the Wadsworth Atheneum (1917.1047 and 1917.1049), It also occurs on a milk jug of c. 1756-60 in the Fitzwilliam\u2019s collection (C.43-1961). But although the vase bears the musical quaver note mark of Cornaille, a specialist flower painter, the quality and design of the floral panel is very poor, and the painted decoration and gilding must have been executed outside the factory, probably in the early 19th century. The quay scene might have been by Morin or one of the other paintings painting harbour scenes but the colouring is not typical, and its quality does not compare well with the quay  scenes on S\u00e8vres vases in the Royal Collection (see Documentation). Another point indicating later decoration is that on both sides the oval reserves overlap the vertical moulding on either side of them, which was not normal practice, although their gilded frames sometimes did so.  The decoration must have been executed before 1864 when the vase was recorded as no. 15 in an inventory and valuation ceramics in the possession of Lord Carrington at 8 Whitehall, London.\n\nDuring the late 18th and early 19th century the Manufacture Royale at S\u00e8vres sold large quantities of soft-paste porcelain \u2018seconds\u2019, both white (rebut blanc), and partially decorated which were decorated outside the factory in Paris and elsewhere.  Revealing discussions of this practice are given by Savill (1988) and Bellaigue (2009), see Documentation."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113159","uid":"adlib-term-113159","uuid":"4bdfb4a7-b307-3dfa-a3d6-8ada4683271e"},"summary_title":"18th Century, third quarter"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis 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There is a band of gilding round the foot of the cup, dentilated bands round the rims of the cup and saucer and lines of gilding down the sides of the cup handle, which has touches of gilding down the back also."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.32 & A-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.32 & A-1961"},{"priref":"74499","type":"priref","value":"74499"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74499","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/74499"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing o"}],"location":"on base of both pieces","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on base of both pieces, below factory mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"four dots"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on the base of the cup near rim","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"51"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on the base of the saucer","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"Ju"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1960,"latest":1960,"value":"1960"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"see inventory of Leckhampton, October 1948"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1767,"era":["CE"],"latest":1767,"note":[{"value":"the cup bears the date letter for 1767, but the set may have been decorated later"}],"precision":"circa","value":"1767"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-134007","uid":"adlib-agent-134007","uuid":"ef26d3a2-1ff7-3366-a9f3-47d8fe746336"},"summary_title":"Buteux, Pierre-Th\u00e9odore"}],"note":[{"value":"Rose grounds were introduced in 1757, and rose marbr\u00e9 by 1760, although their first occurrence in the sales records was in 1763. They were fashionable c. 1760-63. They were produced by first laying the rose ground colour and after firing it, applying a blue coating which was allowed to dry and then scraped away to produce a marbled or other variegated pattern. Carmine enamel was then applied, and after that had been fired, the gilding was applied. The technique on this cup and saucer is superficially similar to that used for various variants of rose marbr\u00e9 grounds (see documentaition Eriksen, 1974, and Savill, 1988) but the design is more like irregularly-shaped stars than marbling, and appears to have been painted on rather than executed by the scraping away of the blue technique described as 'gratt\u00e9 dans le fond'. This suggests that the set may be later than is indicated by the date letter, which  is unusually late for this technique."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988) This is a gobelet litron of the third size with Savill's handle shape B."},{"value":"The mark of four dots, previously identified simply as that of Th\u00e9odore (MNS Vj\u20192) is now recognized as Pierre-Th\u00e9odore Buteux, who was working at S\u00e8vres from 1765 to 80."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106853","uid":"adlib-term-106853","uuid":"25492eb4-1164-35eb-8dce-3601486f3415"},"summary_title":"19th 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Cylindrical cup with arched and incurved handle. Circular saucer with flat central area and deep, sloping sides. There is a suspension hole in the footring of the saucer.                                                                                                                            Both pieces are white. The cup has an oval medallion on the front painted in polychrome with a fishing scene and framed by gold, red and blue bands with S-shaped sprays of gold leaves over them. On either side of it there is a smaller circular medallion, one painted with a seated girl holding a fishing rod, and the other with a boy fishing both framed by a gold band and a red band dotted with gold. The medallions are linked by swags of gold leaves. Between the upper edges of the medallions there is a zone with a pink ground which is straight along the top and on its lower edge, between the medallions has pairs of blue and gold C-scrolls with a pendant between them. Below each pair of scrolls there is a crimson rose and a crimson rose bud. Round the top and bottom of the cup there is a border composed of red and blue bands with S-shaped sprays of leaves over them. There is a gold band round the foot and rim; gold lines down the sides of the handle and a leaf and four inverted tear-drop shaped strokes down its back. The saucer has a circular medallion in the centre painted in polychrome with a lady and gentleman and a house beside a river. The sides have four smaller circular medallions, each painted with a different scene: a woman riding a horse; a small ship; a man playing a trumpet; and a woman holding a distaff. The remainder of the decoration is en suite with the cup."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.49 & A-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.49 & A-1961"},{"priref":"75270","type":"priref","value":"75270"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75270","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75270"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's"}],"location":"on base of cup and saucer","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"horizontal line with three evenly spaced dots above"}],"location":"on base of cup and saucer, below factory mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"date mark for the year 1778"}],"location":"on base of cup and saucer, below painter's mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"AA"}],"type":"date"},{"location":"on base of cup by edge","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"36"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on base of cup by edge to right of 36","method":"incised faintly","transcription":[{"value":"2 \\ (or 7)"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on base of saucer by footring","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"45"}],"type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1961,"latest":1961,"value":"1961-04-27"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"This cup and saucer was probably bought by L.C.G. Clarke from H.E. Backer in 1944. See letter dated 15December, 1944 from Backer to Clarke and attached photograph in object's file."}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1778,"era":["CE"],"latest":1778,"note":[{"value":"date letter AA for 1778"}],"value":"1778"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-140351","uid":"adlib-agent-140351","uuid":"c7d542ac-aafe-3e9f-9375-9cd93cfe24b6"},"summary_title":"Vielliard, Andr\u00e9-Vincent"}],"note":[{"value":"Andr\u00e9 Vincent Vielliard, p\u00e8re (1717-90), worked at the factory from 1752-90. Small landscapes with figures were characteristic of his work in the 1770s."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux and d'Albis, 1991, Savill, 1988, Bellaigue 2009) This is a gobelet litron of the third size, with Savill's handle shape B (see Documentation). When offered for sale in December 1944 it was accompanied by another cup and saucer and a teapot Calabre with matching borders and different scenes in the medallions."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106779","uid":"adlib-term-106779","uuid":"f0706fcd-d94c-3987-bcb5-f7f794332b6a"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis XVI"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"presumed 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Its ground matches the cup, but the oiel-de-perdrix are of graduated size radiating from the centre.The sides are decorated with three large and three small oval reserves painted en suite with those on the cup. 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Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)"},{"value":"The painter's mark is that identified as for Pierre-Nicolas Pithou a\u00een\u00e9 who was the older brother of Nicolas-Pierre Pithou jeune (1750-1818), both of whom were unusual among S\u00e8vres painters in undertaking portraits, and were among the first to work on hard-paste. Pierre-Nicolas Pithou, was employed at the factory from 1757 until his retirement in April 1790 and Nicholas-Pierre from 1759\/6-7, 1769-95 and 1814-18. However, in the records of payments to painters for 1777-80 (Vj 1, fol. 231) on 18 July 1777, two gobelet litron 2 (second size) with \u2018Teste de Voltaire\u2019 are listed under Pithou jeune\u2019s work for 1777 but without the amount paid being cited."},{"value":"The profile was probably based on the bust of Voltaire for which models were produced by the S\u00e8vres factory in 1767. This is traditionally attributed to Jean-Claude-Fran\u00e7ois Rosset (1793\/6-86), but without documentary evidence. An example is in the British Museum (1988,7-1,2)."},{"value":"This gobelet litron is of the second size (between 6.5cm and 7 cm high) made at S\u00e8vres which was used mainly for tea, but also for coffee and chocolate. The saucer is of the first size (between 14.3 cm. to 15.5 cm in diameter), a little larger than the first size (between 13 to 14.2 cm). Occasional matching of cups and saucers of different sizes was not unusual at S\u00e8vres. The handle is of Savil's shape B which was used for the first four sizes from 1756."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106779","uid":"adlib-term-106779","uuid":"f0706fcd-d94c-3987-bcb5-f7f794332b6a"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis 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On p. 164 Pithou jeune is mentioned in the factory records as painting portraits in 1777 and 1778 including one of Voltaire (Vj'I, fo. 231 ff).","page":"154","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2708","uid":"adlib-publication-2708","uuid":"8bd0fe01-f1e7-391a-9790-39dfbcf6c941"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain: Vincennes and S\u00e8vres 1740-1800"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. See Vol. I, p. 501 for a description of the development and use of the gobelet litron and the handle shapes, of which this example has shape B.  See Vol. III, p. 1061, for Pithou jeune, where the author notes that 'In documents it is sometimes difficult to distinguish him from his elder brother Pierre-Nicolas Pithou a\u00eesn\u00e9 who worked on similar subjects and sometimes collaborated with him.'","page":"501","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2709","uid":"adlib-publication-2709","uuid":"e4899c4a-b889-3004-9341-697b98920a9f"},"summary_title":"The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 195, no. 68, a white gobelet litron decorated with floral sprays, dated to 1747-49, h. 6.7 cm","page":"195","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3638","uid":"adlib-publication-3638","uuid":"9fdd0b21-49ec-37e9-9467-969617c4e941"},"summary_title":"La Porcelaine de Vincennes"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 792-3, under no. 196, for the origin of the term gobelet litron, the dates of introduction of the sizes, handles, and use. See p. 793, fig. 196.1, a reproduction of the drawing of 1 February 1753.","page":"792-3","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6636","uid":"adlib-publication-6636","uuid":"8a6e2d82-65e4-3d44-a739-2e4c393fd9c6"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 185-6, no. 150 Bust of Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Arouet, called Voltaire (1694-1778), c. 1767-73. See p. 186, note 4, for an alternative attribution for the source of the portrait","page":"185-6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3616","uid":"adlib-publication-3616","uuid":"7ae45eaf-b5a1-314c-856f-7e3419f1a94e"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain, A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Lot 144, a cup and saucer dated 1778 bearing a head and shoulders of Marie Antoinette in profile to right against a tomato-red ground, and bearing the mark of Pithou jeune, and gilder's marks of Vincent on the cup and Pr\u00e9vost on the saucer (marks not illustrated). Estimate \u00a34000-6000. The text states that 'Both Pithou jeune and Pithou a\u00eesn\u00e9 painted cups with studies of Marie Antoinette in 1777, but l'a\u00eesn\u00e9's is referred to as a 'portrait', while Pithou jeune painted a 'tete de la Reine' on 21 January.'","page":"49","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2710","uid":"adlib-publication-2710","uuid":"ab7c6469-d3a6-3f1f-af02-9a875b7770ba"},"summary_title":"The Hector Binney Collection, European Ceramics, Continental Furniture and Works of Art"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-9044","uid":"adlib-term-9044","uuid":"99dcb503-1a64-3792-8a40-48eda95dd763"},"summary_title":"Neoclassical"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107532","uid":"adlib-term-107532","uuid":"f00fbddb-30d4-39ff-bcf3-a87fbac64158"},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"}},"summary_title":"cup and saucer","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"clear"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-27616","uid":"adlib-term-27616","uuid":"61e6a95d-84c8-3893-b6c8-213392262987"},"summary_title":"glazing (coating)"}}],"title":[{"value":"Gobelet litron et soucoupe"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-72474","_score":15.54204,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999592000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-72474","indexed":1755194540880,"modified":1711362574000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-72474","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72474","uuid":"dc25bbf1-316d-3736-ac2b-cfd83ac6ba5f","version":9},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-117089","uid":"adlib-term-117089","uuid":"70d59fbc-64f7-304e-a336-bf6d65a433a8"},"summary_title":"Louis C. G. Clarke"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, green, yellow, pink,pale purple, brown, grey, and dark grey"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}]},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"15"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"3.1"}]},"name":"Saucer"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"6.7"}]},"name":"Cup Rim"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"6.8"}]},"name":"Cup"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"9"}]},"name":"Cup With Handle"}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain cup and saucer, with a turquoise and mid-blue pointill\u00e9 ground, painted in enamels, and gilded, with military and musical trophies, and floral sprays in reserves."},{"value":"Soft-paste porcelain decorated with a pale turquoise and mid-blue pointill\u00e9 ground, painting in blue, green, yellow, pink, pale purple, brown, grey and dark grey enamels, and gilding. Cylindrical cup with ear-shaped handle. Circular saucer with flat central area and sloping sides. Both pieces have a suspension hole in the footring.                                                                 Both pieces have a pale turquoise ground with regularly spaced white circles surrounded by blue dots. On the front of the cup there is acircular reserve framed by a gold band tooled with trellis, and painted in polychrome with a military trophy comprising a cornet bound by a pink cord with a tassel, a helmet, fasces, an axe, and spray of laurel (?). On the opposite side, running under the handle is a long, gold-edged rectangular reserve painted with polychrome flowers and foliage. There are bands of gilding round the foot and rim and and lines of gilding down the sides of the handle. The saucer has a circular central reserve, framed by a gold band and painted in polychrome with a posy of flowers. On the sides there are two long rectangular panels, framed by gold bands and painted in polychrome with floral sprays, alternating with two elongated oval panels, framed by gold bands faintly tooled with trellis. One contains a musical trophy comprising a lyre, a sheet of music, an arrow, and a houlette tied with a pink bow, and foliage; the other, a ewer, flaming torch, halberd, staff with a finial in the form of Ceres (?) holding a sheaf of corn and a sickle.The edge is encircled by a gold and."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.17 & A-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.17 & A-1961"},{"priref":"72474","type":"priref","value":"72474"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72474","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72474"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing the letter f or possibly another later letter"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"an anchor, the left side worn off"}],"location":"on base of cup, below factory mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"joined at the tail"}],"location":"on base of cup by footring","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"qf"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on base of saucer by footring to left of suspension hole","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"ja or da"}],"type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1960,"latest":1960,"value":"1960"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1961-04-27"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1765,"from":{"earliest":1765,"era":["CE"],"latest":1765,"precision":"circa","value":"1765"},"latest":1770,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1770,"era":["CE"],"latest":1770,"value":"1770"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-20788","uid":"adlib-agent-20788","uuid":"67caff28-28b1-35ff-b568-b398a88d7c1a"},"summary_title":"Buteux, Charles"}],"note":[{"value":"Charles Buteux, p\u00e8re ain\u00e9 was employed as a painter and gilder between 1756 and 1782. In the 1760s he became a specialist in painting trophies."},{"value":"The cup bears a date letter which appears to be an F but 1758 is too early for pointill\u00e9 decoration, and for Buteux to have developed his mature trophy style."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups.The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier (records are lacking).The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms. A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis) They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux and d'Albis, 1991, Savill, 1988, Bellaigue, 2009)"},{"value":"This is a gobelet litron of the second size made at S\u00e8vres which ranges from 6.5 - 7 cm high. The handle is Savill's shape C. The saucer however it a little larger, approximating to the first size  from 14.3 to 15.5 cm."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis XV"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"presumed 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Cylindrical cup with double-curved handle, the upper part of the back of which is decorated with small knobs. Circular saucer with flat central area and deep, sloping sides. There is a suspension hole in the footring of both pieces. The cup has a bleu nouveau ground with an approximately oval reserve framed by a wide chased gilt band and painted in polychrome with a basket of flowers standing on a marble table. The ground is decorated with two oval wreaths of gilt flowers and leaves enclosed in oval scrolled frames linked to each other and to the reserve by projecting scrolls. There is a gilt band round the foot, and round the rim, a wide undulating gilt band, dentilated on the interior. The handle is entirely gilt. The centre of the saucer is painted in polychrome with a tall basket of flowers, with a bow of pink ribbon on its handle. Two roses and a yellow flower lie beside the basket, which stands on a marble table. The sides have a bleu nouveau ground decorated with six circular wreaths of gilt flowers and leaves enclosed in scrolled frames linked by projecting scrolls with pendant husks at the junctions. There is a wide, chased gilt band round the lower edge of the sides and a wide, undulating gilt band round the rim, dentilated on the exterior."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.48 & A-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.48 & A-1961"},{"priref":"75238","type":"priref","value":"75238"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75238","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75238"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing V"}],"location":"on the base of the cup and saucer","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"the X is now obscured by a label"}],"location":"on the base of the cup, below factory mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"X"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"a horizontal line, and a line above with an arch in the middle"}],"location":"on the base of the cup and saucer, above factory mark","method":"painted in gold","type":"gilder's mark"},{"location":"on the base of the saucer, below factory mark","method":"painted in gold","transcription":[{"value":"X"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"in script letters"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"OL"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"in script"}],"location":"on base of saucer","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"CL"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"large circular paper label with a red circle near the edge"}],"location":"on the base of the cup","method":"printed in red and black, and hand-written in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"FOLEY (in ink)\/HEIRLOOM, (printed in red)\/Gilder=Grison (hand-written)\/SEVRES (printed in black)\/1774\/RUXLEY LODGE (hand-written)"}],"type":"label"},{"description":[{"value":"rectangular paper label wtih rounded corners"}],"location":"on base of saucer","method":"printed in black, and hand-written in faded black ink","transcription":[{"value":"SEVRES (printed in black) Painter Noel\/Date\/1774 (hand-written)"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. 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It was either renamed or replaced by beau bleu from 1768 (see Documentation, Savill, 1988, vol. III)"},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier (records are lacking).The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988) This is a gobelet litron of the second size, with Savill's handle D. A richly decorated cup and saucer like this might have been purchased as an ornament rather than for use."},{"value":"When purchased by L.C.G. Clarke Clarke, the x mark was interpreted as that of Jean-Charles Grison l\u2019ain\u00e9, whose mark resembles back to back Cs, and was working 1772-74. (Peters, 2005, vol. I, p.47.)   but seems more like to be the mark of Micaud, who was mainly a flower-painter.  No\u00ebl was identified as the painter, whereas in this instance he was probably the gilder."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113159","uid":"adlib-term-113159","uuid":"4bdfb4a7-b307-3dfa-a3d6-8ada4683271e"},"summary_title":"18th Century, third quarter"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis 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Cylindrical cup with loop handle. Circular saucer with flat central area, deep sloping sides, and a suspension hole in the footring. The cup is striped with wavy diagonal green and dark blue (bleu lapis) ribbons, edged with gold lines and dots, alternating with reserved white stripes, each decorated sprays of polychrome flowers. There is a band of gilding round the base and a dentilated band round the rim. There are gold lines down the sides of the handle and a leaf, and teardrops of graduated size down its back. The saucer is striped en suite with the cup, but has two sprays of flowers on each white stripe. The ribbons run across the saucer from side to side, curving on two sides to form arcs. There is a dentilated gold band round the rim."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.3 & A-1951","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.3 & A-1951"},{"priref":"82563","type":"priref","value":"82563"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82563","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82563"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of cup","method":"in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced Ls"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on base of saucer","method":"in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced Ls with feathering"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"illegible"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"incised","type":"incised mark"},{"description":[{"value":"indistinct"}],"location":"on base of saucer","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"\/uc"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by the Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149645","uid":"adlib-agent-149645","uuid":"10925b71-6838-30f7-a8dd-b68a2afaa14d"},"summary_title":"The Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"date":[{"earliest":1951,"latest":1951,"value":"1951-01-06"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"See receipt dated 23 January 1951 in the Friends' records for 1951 housed with the Museums' archives"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1755,"from":{"earliest":1755,"era":["CE"],"latest":1755,"precision":"circa","value":"1755"},"latest":1756,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1756,"era":["CE"],"latest":1756,"precision":"circa","value":"1756"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"uncertain","role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-140732","uid":"adlib-agent-140732","uuid":"1cccf6bc-5e51-3e11-a849-d05785821974"},"summary_title":"Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"uncertain","role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"}],"note":[{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made earlier judging by white examples with simple floral decoration .The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)."},{"value":"This is a gobelet litron of the third size with Savill's handle shape B. It was accessioned as  Vincennes,  but as green grounds were not introduced until 1756 and it is unlikely that this combination of blue and green would have been executed before the factory moved to S\u00e8vres in the autumn, and in fact, the decoration may have been executed much later. Variants of this slanting diagonal ribbon and floral stripe design were fashionable between 1756 to 1759 especially with green ribbons, but also with bleu lapis, and rose. See C.2 & A-1948 a teapot with diagonal ribbons and flowers."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis XV"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113744","uid":"adlib-term-113744","uuid":"da105475-9705-3ee7-94ad-24892e6217d4"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Val-de-Marne"}],"summary_title":"Val-de-Marne","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Vincennes"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"\u00cele-de France"}],"summary_title":"\u00cele-de France","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107532","uid":"adlib-term-107532","uuid":"f00fbddb-30d4-39ff-bcf3-a87fbac64158"},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"},"type":"object name"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-91165","uid":"adlib-term-91165","uuid":"d22ea1ae-0f87-36a8-8ece-86eb0f380b42"},"summary_title":"cup"},"type":"object name"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-91594","uid":"adlib-term-91594","uuid":"d3814795-e106-33f3-98a0-da73b4855bb6"},"summary_title":"saucer"},"type":"object name"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113690","uid":"adlib-term-113690","uuid":"207e9fd2-c0ad-3831-8ed1-f68ea34e9a50"},"summary_title":"teaware"},"type":"category"},{"type":"factory name","value":"gobelet litron et soucoupe"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"H.E. Backer, 1 Elm Tree Road, St John's Wood, London, NW8 from whom purchased for \u00a335 by the Friends of the Fitzwilliam  Museum"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7490","uid":"adlib-publication-7490","uuid":"9e6a9b2c-dc24-35e2-b78a-48be9ee638c9"},"summary_title":"Dictionnaire universel de commerce"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For the gobelet litron shape, see p. 132, no. 46","page":"p. 132","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3637","uid":"adlib-publication-3637","uuid":"5eb27a85-d31c-3b6f-b09e-8e02f712649c"},"summary_title":"The James A. de Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon Manor, S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For the shape, pp. 123-5, nos. 357-69","page":"pp. 123-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3134","uid":"adlib-publication-3134","uuid":"3aca7c2c-770f-3903-8496-0510265bed08"},"summary_title":"Porcelaines de Vincennes, Les Origines de S\u00e8vres"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Vol. II, pp. 501-02, for the gobelet litron form, handle shapes, title and date of introduction, use, and examples (none resembling this example)","page":"501-02","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2709","uid":"adlib-publication-2709","uuid":"e4899c4a-b889-3004-9341-697b98920a9f"},"summary_title":"The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Vol. II, pp. 792-3, under no. 196 for the origin of the term litron, the sizes and dates of introduction, handles, and how sold. See p. 793, 196.1 for a reproduction of the drawing dated 1 February 1753 in the archives at S\u00e8vres","page":"792-3","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6636","uid":"adlib-publication-6636","uuid":"8a6e2d82-65e4-3d44-a739-2e4c393fd9c6"},"summary_title":"French Porcelain in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. pp. 84-5, no. 19, a cup of a different shape and a saucer with green ribbon stripes and flowers of c. 1757-9","page":"84-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-5924","uid":"adlib-publication-5924","uuid":"a04146c2-58f7-3893-a341-612f88ee0acc"},"summary_title":"The French Royal Porcelain S\u00e8vres, The Marton Museum Collection Samobor\/Francuski kraljevski porculan, Kolkcija Muzeja Marton Samobor"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-9010","uid":"adlib-term-9010","uuid":"ecd03def-5d2a-3b43-bb92-76be16fbabf6"},"summary_title":"Rococo"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"plant","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108883","uid":"adlib-term-108883","uuid":"16f29f09-96ec-3bf8-a360-d2b3c53cc947"},"summary_title":"flower sprays"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"flower sprays"}],"summary_title":"flower sprays"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107532","uid":"adlib-term-107532","uuid":"f00fbddb-30d4-39ff-bcf3-a87fbac64158"},"summary_title":"cup and saucer"}},"summary_title":"cup and saucer","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain, thrown, lead-glazed decorated in underglaze blue, in blue, green, yellow dark pink, and brownish-orange enamels and gilding."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120082","uid":"adlib-term-120082","uuid":"ea83ed85-6b07-3e7e-83fc-440cfda22f7e"},"summary_title":"throwing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Gobelet litron et soucoupe"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-82551","_score":15.54204,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999705000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-82551","indexed":1755194543933,"modified":1714475174000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-82551","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82551","uuid":"49c7cc82-9df8-34b0-b619-9ed124a6efbb","version":10},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37637","uid":"adlib-term-37637","uuid":"89b09133-dc0a-3a88-bd40-5aef1ad30ecb"},"summary_title":"soft-paste porcelain"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107444","uid":"adlib-term-107444","uuid":"571df7cf-e062-3968-ae5e-bec9d5a82f92"},"summary_title":"C. 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Marlay"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"bleu celeste"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-32638","uid":"adlib-term-32638","uuid":"97b8d1a5-7b8f-3a2a-a275-7d001aeaae2b"},"summary_title":"enamel"}},{"note":[{"value":"blue, shades of green, a little yellow, pale and dark pink, and purple"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, shades of green, a little yellow, pale and dark pink, and purple"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"note":[{"value":"of gilding"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-26923","uid":"adlib-term-26923","uuid":"8637c49a-c93f-3442-86fb-0fa05cb5345b"},"summary_title":"tooling"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}]},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"12.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"3"}]},"name":"Saucer"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"5.5"}]},"name":"Cup Rim"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"5.9"},{"dimension":"Width","units":"cm","value":"7.5"}]},"name":"Cup"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-115","uid":"adlib-term-115","uuid":"94d65983-dea2-361b-b187-a968c98ab1d8"},"summary_title":"Nature"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain cup and saucer decorated with a bleu celeste ground, floral sprays in enamels, and gilding."},{"value":"Soft-paste porcelain decorated with a bleu c\u00e9leste ground, painting in blue, shades of green, a little yellow, pale and dark pink, and purple enamels, and gilding. Cylindrical cup with arched and incurved handle. Circular saucer with flat central area and sloping sides. There is a suspension hole in the footring of the saucer. Both pieces have a bleu c\u00e9leste ground. The cup has an oval reserve  painted in polychrome with a spray of flowers, surrounded by a gilt frame of palms, scrolls and floral sprays, extending over the ground to right and left,. There is a band of gilding round the foot, a dentilated band round the rim, and lines of gilding down the sides of the handle, which also has a leaf at the top, and groups of three tiny leaves alternating with spots down its back. The saucer has a central reserve painted with a different spray of flowers, framed by palms, floral sprays, and scrolls enclosing a diaper pattern and striations respectively. There is a dentilated gold band round the rim."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"MAR.C.33 & A-1912","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"MAR.C.33 & A-1912"},{"priref":"82551","type":"priref","value":"82551"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82551","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82551"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's"}],"location":"on the cup","method":"in greyish-blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on  the cup above factory mark","method":"painted in greyish-blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"cp"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on the cup below factory mark","method":"painted in greyish-blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"V with a D attached to the right side"}],"type":"gilder's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing B"}],"location":"on saucer","method":"in blue enamel","type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on base","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"H"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on base of cup by footring","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"C"}],"type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"C.B. 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For information on Chappuis, see p. 321\nEriksen notes that 'gilders' marks or signatures are rarely, if ever, found on S\u00e8vres made before 1770, see p. 27\nFor the shape see p. 132, no. 46","page":"pp. 27, 321","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3637","uid":"adlib-publication-3637","uuid":"5eb27a85-d31c-3b6f-b09e-8e02f712649c"},"summary_title":"The James A. de Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon Manor, S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. p. 123 for the gobelet litron shape","page":"pp. 123-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3134","uid":"adlib-publication-3134","uuid":"3aca7c2c-770f-3903-8496-0510265bed08"},"summary_title":"Porcelaines de Vincennes, Les Origines de S\u00e8vres"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. vol. II, pp. 501-2, for the gobelet litron form, its sizes, handle shapes, date of introduction, and use. For the painter Antoine-Joseph Chappuis (1743-87), see vol. 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Cylindrical cup with double-curved handle. Circular saucer with flat central area and deep, sloping sides. There is a hole for suspension in the footring of each piece.The cup has a ground of mauve stripes, each flanked by a gold line, a blue line and a line of gold dots, alternating with reserved white stripes decorated with small gold floral sprays. Encircling the cup there are two large and two small shaped reserves linked to each other. The two large ones contain wreaths of laurel leaves and red berries tied at the top with a bow of mauve ribbon from which is suspended a posy of three pink roses and leaves. The wreaths are linked by swags passing through the two small reserves, each composed of three posies of three pink roses linked by sprays of leaves. There are bands of gilding round the base and rim, lines down the sides of the handle and a stylised leaf. and two bell flowers separated by spots down its back.  In the centre of the saucer there are two concentric gold circles from which radiate mauve stripes like those on the cup. They end at varying distances from the centre, so that they form a cross-shape with incurved sides and ends. The sides are decorated en suite with the cup with four large reserved linked by four small, each containing a posy of three roses and leaves. There is a band of gilding round the rim."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.7 & A-1956","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.7 & A-1956"},{"priref":"93542","type":"priref","value":"93542"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/93542","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/93542"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of cup and saucer, over a large chip on the latter","method":"painted in pink enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing Z"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"horizontal line, with above, a line parallel to it with a hump in the middle"}],"location":"on base of cup and saucer above the factory mark","method":"in pink enamel","type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on base of cup","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"3 c\/"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"description":[{"value":"rectangular white paper label now buff"}],"location":"on base of cup","method":"printed in black and hand-written in faed black ink","transcription":[{"value":"SEVRES printed and Ptr Noel\/date 1777 L.C.G.C. handwritten"}],"type":"label"},{"description":[{"value":"rectangular lined white paper label with cut corners now discoloured"}],"location":"on base of cup and saucer","method":"hand-written in faded black ink","transcription":[{"value":"Lent by Louis C.G. 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Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Bellaigue 2009, Savill, 1988)\n This is a gobelet litron and saucer of the second size with Savill's handle shape B."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106779","uid":"adlib-term-106779","uuid":"f0706fcd-d94c-3987-bcb5-f7f794332b6a"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-14265","uid":"adlib-term-14265","uuid":"b9f6d73e-26ce-3588-a519-976c2cc93f7f"},"summary_title":"Louis XVI"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"presumed 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The flower vasee is in two parts, a stand for water and a plant holder. Both are of an elongated, shaped oval plan. The lower part of the holder is pierced with eight holes and fits into an aperture in the top of the stand. The sides slope upwards and outwards in the shape of a fan. The stand has a moulding round its base, almost vertical sides and shoulders pierced by four lobed panels. There is a suspension hole in the base of the stand.                                                            The bleu c\u00e9leste ground of the flower holder has four narrow closed fan-shaped gilded panels between the reserves, each enclosing a central patera, and at the top and bottom a scrolled motif . There are four oval reserves on the holder and four rectangular reserves on the sides of the stand all painted in polychrome enamels. On the holder, one has a bouquet of mixed flowers, and the other two, flowers and fruit.The reserve on the front has a genre scene, including an old man, a young man and a woman, and a child around a table standing outside a cottage. The stand has four bleu c\u00e9leste areas between the reserves each gilded with a diaper panel above a patera. Three reserves are decorated with floral sprays, and one with a barrel and a table standing in front of a stone wall with a landscape to the left. The openings are outlined by double gold lines."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no. 850","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1767","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1767","uuid":"bc15b744-f3b4-33c4-bfb9-a3217852c56c"},"summary_title":"Art Treasures Exhibition, 1932"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.21 & A-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.21 & A-1961"},{"priref":"93560","type":"priref","value":"93560"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/93560","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/93560"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of both pieces","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced L's enclosing H"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"location":"on base of flower holder below factory mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"X"}],"type":"painter's mark"},{"description":[{"value":"rectangular paper label with black line border"}],"location":"on base of stand","method":"hand-written in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"o1Wx13\/\u00a3x6\/2\/2 or \u00a3xbhh"}],"type":"label"},{"description":[{"value":"narrow rectangular paper label"}],"location":"on base of stand","method":"printed in black and hand-written in faded black ink","transcription":[{"value":"printed, SEVRES, handwritten Date\/1760\/Painter Catrice"}],"type":"label"},{"description":[{"value":"circular white paper label. The o of No is raised"}],"location":"on base of stand","method":"printed in black and hand-written in brown","transcription":[{"value":"BRITISH ANTIQUE DEALERS ASSOCIATION encircling ART\/TREASURES\/EXHIBITION\/CHRISTIES 1932\/No........ with handwritten 850 in space"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"L.C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1960,"latest":1960,"value":"1960"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1961-04-27"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1760,"from":{"earliest":1760,"era":["CE"],"latest":1760,"precision":"circa","value":"1760"},"latest":1761,"note":[{"value":"The vase bears the date letter for 1760, which may indicate 1760-1 or 1761 (see Peters, 2014)"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1761,"era":["CE"],"latest":1761,"value":"1761"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-91565","uid":"adlib-agent-91565","uuid":"34f4a89f-1c61-3327-bf7f-7bb3acc40865"},"summary_title":"Micaud, Jacques-Fran\u00e7ois"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-147975","uid":"adlib-agent-147975","uuid":"f3f9cfb3-0f42-3ba1-8d90-d878fb27d5f8"},"summary_title":"Xhrowet, Philippe"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"after","role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-133559","uid":"adlib-agent-133559","uuid":"d68a9692-2d6c-3cbf-9b93-6b149bcedb88"},"summary_title":"Teniers, David II"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"after","role":[{"value":"engraver"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-76986","uid":"adlib-agent-76986","uuid":"dfd0f3cd-9286-38a2-8299-30d2426acb3d"},"summary_title":"Le Bas, Jacques Philippe"}],"note":[{"value":"The decoration reflects the popularity of Dutch genre paintings and prints after them in mid 18th century France. The reserve on the front of the holder is painted with an adaption of part of  the engraving 'Feste de Village' by Jacques Philippe Le Bas after David Teniers the Younger (1610-90) which was advertised in the Mercure gallant in 1737  (see The Fitzwilliam Museum Print Room, Vol. II of Le Bas prints, no. 254 and 266). In the print there are six other figures round the table and the child is on the right. The same group occurs on one side of a vase hollandois , one of a pair of 1759-60, in the Jones Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum ( 756\/1,2-1882). Figures and groups from this and the print '4eme F\u00eate Flamande' (1751) dedicated to Madame de Pompadour, were those most frequently used by S\u00e8vres painters. The originals were then in the collection of the duc de Choiseul."},{"value":"The mark is probably that of  Jacques-Fran\u00e7ois Micaud (1732\/5-1811) but might be Philippe Xhrowet (1725-75), both of whom used a cross. See documentation (Savill, 1988, III). As Micaud was primarily a flower painter, it seems likely that the Teniers scene was executed by another painter, possibly by Vieillard, whose mark appears on the vase in the Jones Collection and on a garniture of three vases hollandois of c. 1761 likewise decorated with \u2018Teniers\u2019 scenes in the Art Institute Chicago (1994,373.1-3)."},{"value":"This very popular vase was known first as a 'vase \u00e0 la hollandoise', and later as 'vase hollandoise' or 'hollandois'. It was probably designed by Jean-Claude Duplessis (working 1748-74), and was introduced in three sizes in 1754. a plaster model for the upper part, and a drawing of the profile dated 1754 survive in the factory's archives. This one is of the third size. They were supplied singly, in sets of three, or in mixed sets with other vase forms. The flowering plants or bulbs were grown in the top part, and could be watered through the holes in the top of the stand. A probably pair to this vase was on the market in London in 2008-2009 (see Documentation, Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair, 2009)"}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106496","uid":"adlib-term-106496","uuid":"bd563695-7339-3178-a8c4-251899070993"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15538","uid":"adlib-term-15538","uuid":"e4001da7-ed48-3271-a6fb-c7f54095a1ad"},"summary_title":"Louis XV"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113750","uid":"adlib-term-113750","uuid":"9c94e435-9cde-38f2-b190-3a9ff2a77005"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"presumed 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For the form, see p. 98, under no. 34","page":"98","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3637","uid":"adlib-publication-3637","uuid":"5eb27a85-d31c-3b6f-b09e-8e02f712649c"},"summary_title":"The James A. de Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon Manor, S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Vol. I, pp.69-72, for the form, sizes, model, date of introduction, use, sales records, and sales of this vase, with examples pp. 72-91,  nos. 217-224.","page":"69-72","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2709","uid":"adlib-publication-2709","uuid":"e4899c4a-b889-3004-9341-697b98920a9f"},"summary_title":"The Wallace Collection, Catalogue of S\u00e8vres Porcelain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For the use of Teniers scenes on S\u00e8vres porcelain","page":"41-64","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200001795","uid":"adlib-publication-200001795","uuid":"70ce5485-c8b2-3cbc-9eae-2f2fd6c4fbe9"},"summary_title":"Reproduction et imitation de vieux tableaux flamands ou hollandais sur porcelaine de S\u00e8vres (1756-1847)"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 78, no. 115, and pl. 5, left, for an adaptation of the same print.","page":"8","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-4638","uid":"adlib-publication-4638","uuid":"19bcc9f2-121b-3c3c-89fa-cb1e3343244d"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Jones Collection, Part II Ceramics, etc"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. for use of prints after Teniers on S\u00e8vres porcelain. The print source for the scene on this vase is illustrated on p. 121 Figure 11.","page":"111-30","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002140","uid":"adlib-publication-200002140","uuid":"baec23df-b676-3d35-8663-08ee0b58563b"},"summary_title":"Peasants on porcelain: S\u00e8vres and the taste for Teniers"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 46 Stand 10 Albert Amor, what appears to be the pair to this vase bearing the mark attributed to Jacques-Fran\u00e7ois Micaud and date letter H for 1760. H. 1.1 cm. The Fitzwilliam's vase is mentioned.","page":"46","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6543","uid":"adlib-publication-6543","uuid":"0f48d711-1b08-3d3a-a094-7affc61a7139"},"summary_title":"The Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair, 11-17 June 2009"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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Cylindrical cup with double-curved handle. Circular saucer with flat central area and sloping sides. There is a suspension hole in the footring of the saucer. Both pieces have a bright yellow ground decorated with continuous landscapes in violet enamel, with above and below borders of crimson zig-zags, curving gilt lines and blue dots on a reserved white ground. The cup has one large and two small circular reserves, painted in polychrome with landscapes, each framed by a gilt band and a blue band dotted with gold. The large reserve has a windmill beside a house in the background and a seated man in the foreground. There are two gold bands round the foot and rim, gold lines down the sides of the handle and three stylised leaves separated by dots down its back. The saucer has a circular reserve in the centre and three small circular reserves on the sides, each painted with a landscape with buildings and framed with a gilt band and a blue band dotted with gold. There are two gilt bands round the rim."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.61 & A-1961","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.61 & A-1961"},{"priref":"75632","type":"priref","value":"75632"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75632","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75632"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base of both pieces","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"interlaced L's"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"horizontal line with three dots evenly dispersed above"}],"location":"on base of both pieces, below the factory mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","type":"painter's mark"},{"location":"on base of both pieces, below painter's mark","method":"painted in blue enamel","transcription":[{"value":"KK"}],"type":"date"},{"location":"on base of the cup by the edge","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"41"}],"type":"incised mark"},{"location":"on base of the cup","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"11"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"indistinct perhaps 40 or 49"}],"location":"on base of the saucer to left of suspension hole","method":"incised","type":"incised mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Louis C.G. Clarke Bequest, 1960"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149875","uid":"adlib-agent-149875","uuid":"89f52d0e-b912-3dc9-8b2c-61d6aa011b16"},"summary_title":"Clarke, Louis Colville Gray"}],"date":[{"earliest":1960,"latest":1960,"value":"1960"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1961-04-27"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1787,"era":["CE"],"latest":1787,"note":[{"value":"The date letter KK should have indicated 1788 but was apparently used in 1787 (see Documentation, Savill)."}],"value":"1787"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-161360","uid":"adlib-agent-161360","uuid":"7b3ff8f7-d7ff-380d-8d45-22cbd06ada8e"},"summary_title":"S\u00e8vres Porcelain Manufactory"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"possibly","role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-140351","uid":"adlib-agent-140351","uuid":"c7d542ac-aafe-3e9f-9375-9cd93cfe24b6"},"summary_title":"Vielliard, Andr\u00e9-Vincent"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"possibly","role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-175213","uid":"adlib-agent-175213","uuid":"ef88a7ff-b4dc-3a0c-b82a-4c1f09d97ffa"},"summary_title":"Vielliard, Pierre-Joseph-Andr\u00e9"}],"note":[{"value":"See other examples of landscape decoration by Vieilliard in The Fitzwilliam Museum: Cup and Saucer C.8 & A-1956, 1788 and C.62 & A-1961, 1789, and \u00c9cuelle ronde, C.60 & A-1961, 1788."},{"value":"The gobelet litron was named after a cubic measure, the litron, which was normally made of wood, and was used for dry stuffs, such as corn and peas. Its size in Paris had been defined in 1670 as the equivalent of 9.45 cm high and 10.15 cm in diameter in pouces and lignes, which was larger than the largest of the porcelain cups. The first size of gobelet litron had been introduced at Vincennes before October 1752 when it was mentioned in an inventory of stock, but was probably being made a few years earlier.The second and third sizes followed in 1753, and the fourth and fifth in 1757. They could be fitted with one of seven different handle forms . A drawing in the archives at S\u00e8vres is dated 19 February 1753 (MNS, R1, liasse 2, dossier 2, No. 6bis)  They were supplied singly, singly with a plateau carr\u00e9, in \u2019harlequin\u2019 sets, or as part of matching dejeuner. (See Documentation, Pr\u00e9aux 1991, Savill, 1988,  Bellaigue 2009). This is a gobelet litron et soucoupe of the third size with Savill's handle B."},{"value":"The incised mark 41 occurs mainly on cups and saucer after 1780"},{"value":"Yellow grounds were not very common at S\u00e8vres prior to 1775, after which they were popular, especially after 1787. Vielliard p\u00e8re, seems to have been made a speciality of painting landscapes on coloured grounds at the end of the 1780s, but there is a possiblity that this cup and saucer may have been painted by his son Andr\u00e9-Vincent Vielliard, fils, who worked at the factory from 1783-93, and adopted a style similar to his father. Roth & Corbeiller (see Documentation 2000), note that on 30 June 1787 Vielliard fils, was recorded as having been paid for painting two cups and saucers with yellow ground, landscapes, and friezes, at 9 livres each set (AMNS, Vj'4, fol. 261). 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