[{"admin":{"added":1592951347000,"created":1312633275000,"id":"publication-7214","indexed":1616539746631,"modified":1324397021000,"processed":1615826073264,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-publication-7214","uuid":"5837e427-2875-313b-a414-8210d452c972","version":2},"lifecycle":{"publication":[{"date":[{"value":"1971"}],"place":[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"London"}],"summary_title":"London"}]}]},"summary_title":"The Victorian Staffordshire Figure","title":[{"primary":true,"value":"The Victorian Staffordshire Figure"}],"type":{"base":"publication"}},{"current_page":1,"data":[{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-76512","_score":16.861036,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999684000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-76512","indexed":1752602739792,"modified":1714400636000,"processed":1752602690710,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-76512","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76512","uuid":"713a45f2-251b-3636-8fb2-1af18b7cbcbb","version":7},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188395","uid":"adlib-agent-188395","uuid":"f5702b0a-aa83-3785-8abf-e4fcf0cd889b"},"summary_title":"Orton, Arthur"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188394","uid":"adlib-agent-188394","uuid":"e3396df8-ac5d-3c95-ac4e-441142137708"},"summary_title":"Tichborne, Roger"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188393","uid":"adlib-agent-188393","uuid":"b972d10f-7e76-3074-813e-e60d8e5e9f7e"},"summary_title":"Tichborne Claimant, The"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113184","uid":"adlib-term-113184","uuid":"25fc548d-d02f-39a6-a34f-d609393a0043"},"summary_title":"J. W. L. Glaisher"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-98112","uid":"adlib-term-98112","uuid":"32d115a4-d3ac-33b0-b126-2a3da0fdf139"},"summary_title":"portrait"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"White earthenware figure moulded in three parts, perhaps with separately moulded head. The pearlware glaze is quite thick, with fine blue flecks. Not painted."},{"value":"The Claimant stands against a rough hewn wall; his left hand holds a bird and his right a shot-gun, the butt of which rests on the ground. The figure plain white. He wears a long jacket, a waistcoat, a watch chain, a shirt with bow tie, and a top hat. He has a trimmed beard. The oval base is concave and glazed and inscribed \u2018SIR R TICHBORNE\u2019 in raised capitals.  The back is moulded with a vent hole 13.5 cm from the bottom."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.999-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.999-1928"},{"priref":"76512","type":"priref","value":"76512"},{"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume.18","type":"old object number","value":"3711"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76512","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76512"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"\u2018SIR R TICHBORNE\u2019 in raised capitals"}],"location":"front of base","method":"moulding","transcription":[{"value":"SIR R TICHBORNE"}],"type":"title"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L.Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1928-12-07"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1874,"era":["CE"],"latest":1874,"precision":"circa","value":"1874"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-187784","uid":"adlib-agent-187784","uuid":"5027cb9e-24f0-335d-9d5c-e0aefb240830"},"summary_title":"Sampson Smith"}],"note":[{"value":"According to Rackham (1935) the two figures come from the same mould. In fact, this figure is a full centimetre shorter and its body and base slightly thinner; moreover, the head of the other is slightly differently moulded, with a fatter face. The two figures are, however, identical in design. So, whilst they probably come from the same factory, they must come from different moulds."},{"value":"Arthur Orton (20 March 1834 \u2013 1 April 1898), was the celebrated Tichborne Claimant, who claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne, the heir to a wealthy landed family and a baronetcy."},{"value":"Rackham lists this figure as made by Sampson Smith at Longton, a factory noted in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019, which began around 1851, and there is evidence to support this attribution. Firstly, it shares certain features with other figures that have been attributed to the factory: it is a large figure, supported by a stone wall; it is a simple three part moulding; and it has a plain oval base with title in raised gilt capitals. Secondly, this is one of two figures of Orton bequeathed to the Fitzwilliam collection by Dr Glaisher (see: C.999-1928). The other figure is one of eleven sparsely coloured  figures identified by Pugh as having been made with a brownish stain in the clay, which he attributes to Sampson Smith; he further notes that these figures may also be found without the stain and with a good bluish glaze (Pugh (1970), pp.14-15)."},{"value":"The figure shows the Claimant dressed as a fashionable man of substance, his claim to land and title indicated by the shotgun and bird. The image is recognisable from contemporaneous photographs and caricatures (which show that in life he was even more portly).  The case was a national sensation and newspapers published special editions with news of the latest events in the court, and he was therefore a likely choice of figure for which the Staffordshire potters would find a ready market. Noting the title, \u2018SIR R TICHBORNE\u2019, it is also possible the Claimant himself commissioned the figure, since he is known to have pressed his case in all manner of ways, including music hall appearances and public meetings."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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Fig.245: the same figure, but with pink tinge to the white clay body and partly coloured, wearing a pink waistcoat and with the bird coloured in brown.","page":"102","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7227","uid":"adlib-publication-7227","uuid":"6dc55e19-7dee-3713-a8a4-c81f86e35351"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire Figures 1835-1875, Book One: portraits, naval & military, theatrical & literary characters"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.164a: the same figure, entirely painted in enamels, including the base. 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The pearlware glaze is quite thick, with fine blue flecks. Not painted. The oval base is concave and glazed. The back is moulded with a vent hole 13.5 cm from the bottom."}],"note":[{"value":"in three parts, perhaps with separately moulded head"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120085","uid":"adlib-term-120085","uuid":"68c62b7c-aaf4-38a5-a1be-4d6c615c0714"},"summary_title":"press-moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Arthur Orton (white figure)"},{"type":"alternative title","value":"Sir Roger Tichborne"},{"type":"alternative title","value":"The Tichborne Claimant"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-71141","_score":16.861036,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592991039000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-71141","indexed":1755194540231,"modified":1714466016000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-71141","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71141","uuid":"9ff02212-6497-3d31-b583-4b641982e848","version":7},"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-187975","uid":"adlib-agent-187975","uuid":"6512f97a-6abd-382a-92dc-71a4b25cd8ca"},"summary_title":"Jullien, Louis Antoine"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153766","uid":"adlib-agent-153766","uuid":"7c9fab25-9afd-36aa-bb16-409e985b486d"},"summary_title":"Lind, Jenny"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113184","uid":"adlib-term-113184","uuid":"25fc548d-d02f-39a6-a34f-d609393a0043"},"summary_title":"J. 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Painted with black, grey, blue, red, pink, green yellow and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt."},{"value":"Jenny Lind sits with her hands clasped around a pillar which supports a stone cross; she looks away from the cross, over her left shoulder. The rectangular base is rounded to the back and one side and decorated with an impressed pattern and gilt touches; the front is moulded in rococo style and bears the title \u2018Jenny Lind as Alice in Meyerbeer\u2019s Opera\u2019 in gilt script, on a ribbon. The figure is well coloured. The cross is grey, outlined in black, and a pink and green vine winds up the pillar. Jenny Lind wears a low blue bodice with pink cuffs, a tartan sash with red tasselled edge, and a flowered yellow skirt. Her black hair is tied back in a bun. The underside is concave and glazed. The back is moulded and decorated for the upper body only, and has a vent hole 12.5cm from the bottom."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.1014-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.1014-1928"},{"priref":"71141","type":"priref","value":"71141"},{"date":[{"earliest":1913,"latest":1913,"value":"1913"}],"source":"Glaisher M\/S catalogue, Volume: 17","type":"old object number","value":"3622"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71141","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71141"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"in gilt script, on a ribbon"}],"location":"front of base","method":"painted in gold","transcription":[{"value":"Jenny Lind as Alice in Meyerbeer\u2019s Opera"}],"type":"name"},{"description":[{"value":"rectangular paper label"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"No. 3622 Large Staffs statuette of Jenny Lind kneeling and clasping a cross. b. May 29, 1913. Came from Birmingham"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1928-12-07"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1847,"era":["CE"],"latest":1847,"precision":"circa","value":"1847"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-187914","uid":"adlib-agent-187914","uuid":"3ff8e302-3ac3-3560-9a60-800ee4445118"},"summary_title":"Unidentified factory"}],"note":[{"value":"Jenny Lind (1820-1887) was a Swedish opera soprano. She sang with Verdi, and Mendelssohn  wrote the soprano part in Elijah for her. She is believed to have inspired several Hans Christian Andersen stories, including The Ugly Duckling and The Emperor\u2019s Nightingale. In  May 1847, she made her London debut in the role of Alice in Meyerbeer\u2019s opera, Roberto il diavolo (Robert the Devil) at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, to immense popular acclaim  \u2013 it is said that Queen Victoria threw her a bouquet rom the Royal Box. In later life she raised substantial funds for good causes, such as Florence Nightingale\u2019s Nursing Fund and The Railway Servants\u2019 Benevolent Fund."},{"value":"Rackham (1935) lists this figure as of a type made chiefly by Sampson Smith at Longton, a factory listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019, which began around 1851 and continued to make figures in quantity into the early part of the twentieth century. But Sampson Smith figures were rarely marked, and typically have a flat, undecorated back and plain oval base, and are made without subsidiary mouldings. Meanwhile there were many other, sometimes smaller, manufacturers of figures working in Staffordshire at this time."},{"value":"The source for this figure is a coloured lithograph of Jenny Lind as Alice in Meyerbeer\u2019s Opera, Roberto il Diavolo, by T. Packer, which shows Lind in the same pose and dress. An engraving in The London Illustrated News of 8th May 1847 also shows her in a similar pose, but recoiling in fear from a male character who points aggressively at her (see Pugh (1970), pp.74 and 455).  The existence of several differently moulded Jenny Lind figures based on these illustrations indicates their popularity, and that they were made by a number of different manufacturers. Pugh (1970) estimates that, in all, some 18 different Jenny Lind figures were made."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120127","uid":"adlib-term-120127","uuid":"ee2ddbd4-503c-30f5-8cf9-3c2d121bd315"},"summary_title":"Victoria I"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107658","uid":"adlib-term-107658","uuid":"824d3ecf-92c1-33aa-8d45-2f0239317270"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Staffordshire"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107611","uid":"adlib-term-107611","uuid":"790e5a19-a186-34d5-a16e-2d8dff9f6247"},"summary_title":"white 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Packer of \u2018Jenny Lind as Alice in Meyerbeer\u2019s Opera Roberto Il Diavolo\u2019, p.74, Plate 48, Fig.158.\nPugh also shows several differently moulded figures which record the same dramatic moment; a related engraving from the London Illustrated News, 8th May 1847; and a number of standing figures of Lind (pp.452-456).","page":"452","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3585","uid":"adlib-publication-3585","uuid":"784308ef-9535-3132-970c-45af8a273a64"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures and Allied Subjects of the Victorian Era"},{"@link":{"notes":"Fig.1330: a figure identical in size, moulding and decoration, save that the skirt is also decorated with red spots outlined in black. 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The figure is mainly white, with features picked out in enamels and gilt. He wears naval uniform, with two medals, epaulets, sash, belt and buttons, all moulded and painted in gilt and brown. He carries a black hat in his right hand; his left holds a cloak, which drapes towards his foot. He carries a sword, with brown hilt and grey scabbard with black bands. He wears side whiskers, and his eyebrows are finely painted. The oval-to-egg shaped base is rounded to the top. A gilt line runs across its front, which also bears a ribbon with the name ' C. NAPIER' in relief, gilt capitals. The underside is concave and glazed. The back of the upper body and the right leg are moulded, with a round vent hole 11cm from the bottom."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.1025-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.1025-1928"},{"priref":"71188","type":"priref","value":"71188"},{"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume: ?","type":"old object number","value":"R5115"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71188","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71188"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"A gilt line runs across the front of the base, which also bears a ribbon with the name \u2018C. 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It is likely the name refers to a modeller, as there is no Carr factory known to have operated in the area at this time."},{"value":"Admiral Sir Charles John Napier (1786-1860) commanded the Baltic Fleet in the Crimean War (1854-56), but after a quarrel with the First Lord of the Admiralty, was replaced by Sir James Deans Dundas. The pairing of this figure with a similarly moulded figure of Dundas suggests that both were made at around this time. Later, as a Member of Parliament, Napier campaigned for the proper training of officers, decent living conditions for seamen and for the abolition of flogging and the press gang."},{"value":"Rackham (1935) lists this figure as of a type made chiefly by Sampson Smith at Longton, a factory listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019, which began around 1851 and continued to make figures in quantity into the early part of the twentieth century. But Sampson Smith figures were rarely marked, and typically have a flat back and  plain oval base. Meanwhile  there were many other, often smaller, manufacturers of figures working in Staffordshire at this time."},{"value":"The source of this figure may be an engraving in Cassells Illustrated Family Paper, 7 October, 1854, which shows Napier, with Sir Edmund Lyons and Sir James Deans Dundas, in front of a naval group. Sir Charles Napier was a popular hero of the time. 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Fig.214: the same figure, but 12 \u00bd in high and with additional enamels, including blue coat, pink cloak, green belt and orange epaulets, standing on green\/brown ground. Harding also shows, Figs. 211P-215, figures of Napier in a variety of other standing poses, sometimes with a cannon or holding a telescope, or as a companion figure to \u2018SIR DEANS DUNDAS\u2019 (Fig.127). Harding also shows (Fig.216), a figure of Field Marshal Robert Cornelius Napier, standing by his horse, a companion piece to a similar figure of Garibaldi.","page":"91","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7227","uid":"adlib-publication-7227","uuid":"6dc55e19-7dee-3713-a8a4-c81f86e35351"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire Figures 1835-1875, Book One: portraits, naval & military, theatrical & literary characters"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. a coloured version","page":"p.55","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8448","uid":"adlib-publication-8448","uuid":"4ef2e26f-cb4d-3b92-9c93-840dff116ed8"},"summary_title":"A Potted History: Henry Willett's Ceramic Chronicle of Britain"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. a similar figure with small variations in the moulding (eg angle of hat) and additional enamels to coat, epaulets, cloak and ground.","page":"11","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7216","uid":"adlib-publication-7216","uuid":"ae90609c-35b0-3a71-843a-73dea97c1dec"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.47: a similar figure standing with a cannon, paired with a companion figure of Sir James Deans Dundas. Also, Fig.48, an engraving from Cassells Illustrated Family Paper, 7 October, 1854, showing Napier in similar dress and pose (though not identical), in front of a group of people with Sir E. Lyons and Sir James Deans Dundas.","page":"36","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7214","uid":"adlib-publication-7214","uuid":"5837e427-2875-313b-a414-8210d452c972"},"summary_title":"The Victorian Staffordshire Figure"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7217","uid":"adlib-publication-7217","uuid":"c1860f2b-473e-3562-a129-4344ff68ed22"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108082","uid":"adlib-term-108082","uuid":"1c5310ee-4d1a-3a9a-98b3-45edd40b2c0e"},"summary_title":"Crimean War"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}},"summary_title":"figure","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"White earthenware moulded in three parts and pearlware glazed. 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Painted underglaze in cobalt blue and in black, brown, green, yellow, orange, red, pink and flesh-pink enamels and gilt."},{"value":"Two children flank a Punch and Judy booth, where Judy is holding the baby. The figure is well coloured. The children have black hair and wear blue bodices. On the left, the girl wears a pale green skirt decorated with pink and red sprigs and spots; she has black shoes and carries an orange sash on her right arm. On the right, the boy wears a skirt edged in green and pink, an orange cloak, black boots and a hat with a pink feather; he holds a round orange container; a yellow mouth-organ hangs beneath his chin. Judy and the baby have white hair; she wears a blue bodice. There is gilt decoration on the clothes. The booth is white at the bottom and orange at the top, and trimmed with two pink-edged frills. The oval base is moulded to suggest rough ground on top. The sides and top of the base are painted mustard and brown, with an orange object lying in the centre. The underside is concave and glazed, with a central vent hole. The back is flat."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.873-1984","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.873-1984"},{"priref":"76266","type":"priref","value":"76266"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76266","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76266"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"A closed \u2018V\u2019 ? underglaze in thick blue"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"painted in blue underglaze","transcription":[{"value":"V"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"reverse \u2018N\u2019 (or \u2018Z\u2019) in red enamel"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"painted in red enamel","transcription":[{"value":"reverse 'N' or 'Z'"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Mrs J.E.Cameron, from the collection of Col. 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Derived from the Italian comedia del arte, the first records of Mr Punch in England date from c.1660. Originally a marionette performance, by Victorian times \u2018Punch and Judy\u2019 had become a popular glove-puppet show, performed from a portable booth by a single puppeteer. These shows travelled from town to town, and were particularly popular at the seaside. Punch is a hook-nosed, hump-backed figure whose high pitched, squeaky voice is produced through the use of a \u2018swazzle\u2019 or squeaker. The plots vary, but typically involve Punch attacking the other characters, who generally include his wife  Judy, their baby, a hungry crocodile and a policeman, with a truncheon and a string of sausages amongst the props."},{"value":"The flat shape and undecorated back, combined with the use of underglaze blue, indicate that this model was probably made around 1850-65. There were many manufacturers of figures working in Staffordshire at this time.  Sampson Smith at Longton, one of the larger ones, is listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019; production began around 1851, and figures were made in quantity into the early part of the twentieth century. 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Fig 1015: a very similar model, 8 \u00bd in, but differently decorated. Also a companion piece with Mr Punch in the booth.","page":"279","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7227","uid":"adlib-publication-7227","uuid":"6dc55e19-7dee-3713-a8a4-c81f86e35351"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire Figures 1835-1875, Book One: portraits, naval & military, theatrical & literary characters"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. lists Punch & Judy amongst typical Toby Jug subjects.","page":"39","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7239","uid":"adlib-publication-7239","uuid":"857e9745-a48f-3c6e-9927-ed50a101ae74"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures of the Victorian Age"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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Painted in under-glaze blue and in black, green, orange, brown and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt."},{"value":"Shakespeare stands, leaning his left elbow on a column and crossing his left leg over his right; he holds a scroll in his left hand. The figure is well coloured. He wears a long flesh-pink coat with orange lining; a blue under-jacket decorated in gold; breeches which are finely painted in shades of green; a white shirt with broad collar; pale blue stockings and black shoes. His clothing is edged in gilt and there are gilt laces on his shoes. He is balding, with short black hair and a trimmed beard and moustache. The pillar has brown and flesh-pink bands. Black marks indicate writing on the scroll. The rectangular base has rounded corners and a vertical concavity to the front, in the centre of which is a gilt motif comprising a dot enclosed by two vertical bracket lines, with eight small gilt lines to either side. There is additional gilt decoration of four dots and a line on each side of the base front. The underside is concave and glazed. The back is partly moulded and coloured, with a vent hole 5 cm from the bottom."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.870-1984","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.870-1984"},{"priref":"76255","type":"priref","value":"76255"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76255","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76255"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"underglaze in blue","transcription":[{"value":"'V' (or double leaf)"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Mrs J.E.Cameron, from the collection of Col R.G.Turner, 1984"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-155987","uid":"adlib-agent-155987","uuid":"e436f445-fa38-38a0-bdfd-83e40b0508c9"},"summary_title":"Cameron, J.E., Mrs"}],"date":[{"earliest":1984,"latest":1984,"value":"1984"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1984-10-22"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1840,"from":{"earliest":1840,"era":["CE"],"latest":1840,"precision":"circa","value":"1840"},"latest":1850,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1850,"era":["CE"],"latest":1850,"precision":"circa","value":"1850"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188266","uid":"adlib-agent-188266","uuid":"460ccab5-1f71-31b9-bc8b-562dcc63d9d1"},"summary_title":"John & Rebecca Lloyd"}],"note":[{"value":"This figure was probably made as a pair for a figure of John Milton, and made in several sizes The decoration is very similar to an 8 inch Milton figure, shown in Harding (1998), which has pink trousers painted in a similarly \u2018feathered\u2019 stripe pattern."},{"value":"William Shakespeare (1564-1616), England\u2019s greatest poet and playwright, was a popular figure for Victorian Staffordshire figures; Pugh shows at least ten. 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Figs 320P, 321P, 324P: three figures in very similar pose, though with differences in the moulding, decoration and base. Also, p.86, Fig.203: a figure of Milton, with very similar decoration, notably the pillar, breeches (though red) and under-jacket, a flesh-pink cloak and the same motifs on the base, but only 8 inches high.","page":"128-129","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7227","uid":"adlib-publication-7227","uuid":"6dc55e19-7dee-3713-a8a4-c81f86e35351"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire Figures 1835-1875, Book One: portraits, naval & military, theatrical & literary characters"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.233: a black and white image of a 9 \u00bc in figure which appears very similarly decorated, notably the two-tone colouring of the breeches and the motif on the base. 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Staffordshire statuette of William O\u2019Bryan, founder of the Bible Christians (lettered J Bryan on the base) b. in London March 15, 191 [label torn]'"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L.Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. 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Pugh identifies a number of Welsh clerical figures made in the 1840s, and suggests that they were made for the Welsh market."},{"value":"Rackham (1935) lists this figure as of a type made chiefly by Sampson Smith at Longton, a factory listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019, which began around 1851 and continued to make figures in quantity into the early part of the twentieth century. But Sampson Smith figures, which were rarely marked, typically have a flat back and plain oval base. Meanwhile,  there were many other, often smaller, manufacturers of figures working in Staffordshire at this time."},{"value":"The source may be a lithograph of a figure in similar pose, signed \u2018Eich Serchog, J.Bryan\u2019 (yours sincerely, J. 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Painted in underglaze black and in grey, red and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt. The underside is concave and glazed, with a central vent hole. The back is moulded and mainly painted."}],"note":[{"value":"in three parts, with separately moulded right arm"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130724","uid":"adlib-term-130724","uuid":"94dc0522-7bb7-3aa7-a884-0878f90b9d28"},"summary_title":"press moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}],"title":[{"value":"John Bryan"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-82238","_score":16.861036,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999705000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-82238","indexed":1755194543638,"modified":1714400638000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-82238","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82238","uuid":"08253b56-4f2f-3c19-8789-bc3665780cca","version":6},"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-21023","uid":"adlib-agent-21023","uuid":"be67191c-7958-3bfc-b306-2cdf5f376821"},"summary_title":"Byron"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188450","uid":"adlib-agent-188450","uuid":"1917dc14-ce69-32a6-9f53-8261eef2d4ea"},"summary_title":"Zuleika"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"black, grey, brown, green, yellow, maroon, pink and flesh-pink"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110416","uid":"adlib-term-110416","uuid":"7347190c-472e-3638-b3f2-acd96e09c0cf"},"summary_title":"underglaze cobalt-blue"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-98112","uid":"adlib-term-98112","uuid":"32d115a4-d3ac-33b0-b126-2a3da0fdf139"},"summary_title":"portrait"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"White earthenware moulded in several parts and lead-glazed, with tiny shards of clay as decoration. Painted underglaze in cobalt blue and with black, grey, brown, green, yellow, maroon, pink and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt."},{"value":"A woman in Middle Eastern dress lounges on a couch with her feet up, resting against the arm and playing a stringed instrument. The figure is well coloured. She wears a long green, fur trimmed coat over pink and grey striped harem pants and a mustard yellow dress, trimmed in pink; a pink sash; and a light pink turban. Her bodice and sleeves are edged in thick gilt and the turban bears a gilt crescent at the front. Her shoes are black and pointed; her hair is brown; her features are finely painted. The table base has six legs, above which is a thick gilt line; the front is decorated with gilt leaf motifs; the top is moulded to form a couch, with a raised arm to the right. The couch is a deep blue. The underside, which forms two concave tunnels, has a vent hole and is glazed. The figure is moulded and decorated in the round."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.880-1984","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.880-1984"},{"priref":"82238","type":"priref","value":"82238"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82238","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/82238"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Mrs J E Cameron 1984, from the collection of the late Col R G Turner"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-155987","uid":"adlib-agent-155987","uuid":"e436f445-fa38-38a0-bdfd-83e40b0508c9"},"summary_title":"Cameron, J.E., Mrs"}],"date":[{"earliest":1984,"latest":1984,"value":"1984"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1984-10-22"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1840,"era":["CE"],"latest":1840,"precision":"circa","value":"1840"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188266","uid":"adlib-agent-188266","uuid":"460ccab5-1f71-31b9-bc8b-562dcc63d9d1"},"summary_title":"John & Rebecca Lloyd"}],"note":[{"value":"The figure may represent Zuleika, the heroine, of Byron\u2019s poem \u2018The Bride of Abydos\u2019.  Anthony Oliver has argued that several characters in Middle Eastern dress, made prior to the Crimean War, derive from this poem, which was published in 1813. The poem was first dramatised in 1918, with Edmund Kean as the hero Selim. It was  successfully revived at Sheffield in 1840 and at Astley\u2019s, Drury Lane in May 1947. It also appeared as a toy theatre production, and the first illustrated edition of the poem was published in 1838."},{"value":"The table base and the figure moulded in the round suggest a production date of around 1840. The figure shares a number of features with others that have been attributed to John and Rebecca Lloyd, who made both earthenware and porcelain figures at Shelton between 1834 and 1852 (see Oliver (1981), p.109). These include the complex moulding, the addition of tiny shards of clay for fur around the coat, generous gilding and the thick gilt line across the base, and the well-fired use of enamel colours particularly associated with the Lloyd factory, notably the sage green coat and the pink turban.  There are also similarities with the moulding and decoration of male and female standing figures in Middle Eastern dress shown in Pugh (1970) and Oliver (1981), both of which are impressed \u2018Lloyd Shelton\u2019."},{"value":"There is a pair to this figure, a similarly dressed and decorated man, with a shisha\/hookah pipe. 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Turner."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig 1229C: a similarly moulded 5 inch figure with the same gilt decoration to the legs of the couch; otherwise the colouring is different: the cloak painted in underglaze blue; the hat and the cloak edging are green; the top of the couch is in variegated pink. Also a similarly dressed and decorated pair to this figure: a man relining on a couch, with a shisha pipe. Harding identifies the pair as Artabanes and Mandane from the Opera Artaxerxes, by Thomas Augustine Arne.","page":"92","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7229","uid":"adlib-publication-7229","uuid":"4a22be48-1439-3797-9496-05bc530ca185"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire Figures 1835-1875, Second Addendum"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Plate E141, Fig.296: a 13 \u00bc inch standing female figure in Middle Eastern dress, who holds a similar instrument to that held by the Fitzwilliam figure; there are also some similarities in the decoration. The figure is impressed Lloyd Shelton. Also, pp.432-3, 490-1: a number of other figures in Middle Eastern dress, c.1840. Pugh identifies these as characters from Byron\u2019s \u2018The Bride of Abydos\u2019.","page":"477","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3585","uid":"adlib-publication-3585","uuid":"784308ef-9535-3132-970c-45af8a273a64"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures and Allied Subjects of the Victorian Era"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref: discusses the relevance of Byron\u2019s \u2018The Bride of Abydos\u2019 to Victorian Staffordshire figures of the 1840s, and gives the text of the poem.","page":"93-106","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7214","uid":"adlib-publication-7214","uuid":"5837e427-2875-313b-a414-8210d452c972"},"summary_title":"The Victorian Staffordshire Figure"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. a 14 inch standing figure of a Middle-Eastern man, impressed \u2018Lloyd Shelton\u2019, dated c.1835. This appears to be a pair to the figure in Pugh, though on a different base. 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Painted underglaze in cobalt blue and with black, grey, brown, green, yellow, maroon, pink and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt. The underside, which forms two concave tunnels, has a vent hole and is glazed. 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Glaisher"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"black, brown, orange, dark and light pink, green, red and flesh-pink"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110416","uid":"adlib-term-110416","uuid":"7347190c-472e-3638-b3f2-acd96e09c0cf"},"summary_title":"underglaze cobalt-blue"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-98112","uid":"adlib-term-98112","uuid":"32d115a4-d3ac-33b0-b126-2a3da0fdf139"},"summary_title":"portrait"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"White earthenware figure group moulded in three parts, with small rough shards of clay added to outline a cloak, and lead glazed. Painted under-glaze in lightly applied cobalt-blue, and with black, brown, orange, dark and light pink, green, red and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt."},{"value":"The Queen sits on a chair, holding the infant Princess Royal, and framed by a richly edged cloak. The figure is well coloured. The Queen wears a long blue gown with a scooped neck trimmed with gilt-edged lace; a gilt-lined coronet and black shoes; her left foot rests on an orange cushion, atop a foot-stool; her hair is brown. The baby wears a long white gown, decorated with tiny pink, red and green flowers, and a mob cap; she sits on a pale pink shawl, facing forwards. The facial features of both Queen and Princess are finely painted. The circular base is plain, except for a gilt line which runs across the front, its ends dipping down to the bottom.  The underside is concave and glazed. The back is flat and undecorated, except for the head and cloak trim. There is no visible vent hole."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.1000-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.1000-1928"},{"priref":"71117","type":"priref","value":"71117"},{"date":[{"earliest":1906,"latest":1906,"value":"1906"}],"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume: 3","type":"old object number","value":"2584"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71117","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71117"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Small impression in the glaze, on the back, 10.5cm from the bottom"}],"location":"back","method":"impression","type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"Rectangular paper label, handwritten in black script: \u2018"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"No. 2584. Staffodshire figure of Queen Victoria and Princess Royal on a chair (1841). 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Although it is unmarked, other than an impression on the back which yields no information, there exist several other examples which bear the mark \u2018Lloyd\/Shelton\u2019 on the reverse. Lloyd factory figures are notable for their delicate and well-fired use of colours and  gilt \u2013 seen here in the thinly applied blue of the dress and the gilt-lace-edged collar \u2013 and for their use of small shards or extrusions of clay to denote fur edging."},{"value":"This figure has a pair, its companion being a seated figure of Prince Albert."},{"value":"Victoria (1819-1901) was the longest reigning British monarch and the figurehead of a vast empire. She oversaw huge changes in British society and gave her name to an age. The daughter of the fourth son of George III, she came to the throne in 1837 and married her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. 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Mendelssohn  wrote the soprano part in Elijah for her, and she sang with Verdi. She is believed to have inspired several Hans Christian Andersen stories, including The Ugly Duckling and The Emperor\u2019s Nightingale. She performed the role of Marie in Donizetti\u2019s two-act opera La figlia del reggimento (the daughter of the regiment) in 1847. This was shortly after her London debut as Alice in Meyerbeer\u2019s  Roberto il diavolo  \u2013 when, it is said, Queen Victoria threw her a bouquet from the Royal Box."},{"value":"Rackham (1935) lists this figure as of a type made chiefly by Sampson Smith at Longton. Sampson Smith is listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019 in Longton and seems to have begun making figures around 1851, moving to Sutherland Works in 1859. The firm continued to make figures in quantity into the early part of the twentieth century, and again from 1948 when a number of original moulds were found on site (see Haggar (1955), pp.102-107, 148). But Sampson Smith figures were rarely marked, and there were many other, often smaller, manufacturers of figures working in Staffordshire at this time."},{"value":"The source for this figure is the illustration on a music cover by John Branard for Jullien\u2019s Celebrated Polkas No.16, inscribed \u2018Jenny Lind in the character of Maria [sic] in Donizetti\u2019s opera La Figlia del Reggimento\u2019"}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120127","uid":"adlib-term-120127","uuid":"ee2ddbd4-503c-30f5-8cf9-3c2d121bd315"},"summary_title":"Victoria 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Pugh also shows: Fig.165: a spill vase with this and a male character beside a tree trunk; Fig.176: a similarly dressed figure, though without the raised arm and on a more ornate base, with a further John Branard music front depicting Jenny Lind as Maria; and a number of other figures of Jenny Lind (pp.452-456).","page":"454","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3585","uid":"adlib-publication-3585","uuid":"784308ef-9535-3132-970c-45af8a273a64"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures and Allied Subjects of the Victorian Era"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Figs. 1300-1303, 1330 and 1335: a range of figures of Jenny Lind in character, including a similarly dressed figure, though differently moulded and decorated, representing her role as Marie. 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Firstly, it shares certain features with other figures that have been attributed to the factory: it is a large figure, supported by a stone wall; it is a simple three part moulding; and it has a plain oval base with title in raised gilt capitals. Secondly, it is one of eleven sparsely coloured  figures identified by Pugh as having been made with a brownish stain in the clay, which he terms \u2018porridge school\u2019, which he attributes to Sampson Smith, on the basis of style and similarity to portrait figure moulds found in 1948. Pugh further notes that these figures may also be found without the stain and with a good bluish glaze (Pugh (1970), pp.14-15)."},{"value":"The figure shows the Claimant dressed as a fashionable man of substance, his claim to land and title indicated by the shotgun and bird. The image is recognisable from contemporaneous photographs and caricatures (which show that in life he was even more portly).  The case was a national sensation and newspapers published special editions with news of the latest events in the court, and he was therefore a likely choice of figure for which the Staffordshire potters would find a ready market. Noting the title, \u2018SIR R TICHBORNE\u2019, it is also possible the Claimant himself commissioned the figure, since he is known to have pressed his case in all manner of ways, including music hall appearances and public meetings."},{"value":"This is one of two figures of Orton bequeathed to the Fitzwilliam collection by Dr Glaisher, and according to Rackham (1935) they come from the same mould. However, this figure is a full centimetre taller and its body and base slightly wider, whilst the head of the other is differently moulded, with a thinner face. So, whilst the two figures are identical in design and probably come from the same factory, they must come from different moulds. 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The Act initiated salaries for warders and female warders for female prisoners, and banned the use of irons and manacles. Gurney also campaigned against slavery and capital punishment and promoted the Quaker belief in world peace."},{"value":"Rackham (1935) lists this figure as of a type made chiefly by Sampson Smith at Longton, a factory listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019, which began around 1851 and continued to make figures in quantity into the early part of the twentieth century. 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The upper part of the back is moulded and decorated, and there is a flat, 0.6cm, vent hole 6.8cm from the bottom."}],"note":[{"value":"in three parts with separately moulded arm and leg"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130724","uid":"adlib-term-130724","uuid":"94dc0522-7bb7-3aa7-a884-0878f90b9d28"},"summary_title":"press moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}],"title":[{"value":"Joseph John Gurney"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-76509","_score":16.757639,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999684000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-76509","indexed":1755194542659,"modified":1714400635000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-76509","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76509","uuid":"5537d66e-b2b8-3dde-970c-8af1e4af1fc3","version":7},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"institution","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188398","uid":"adlib-agent-188398","uuid":"ad6d659c-f6d4-3788-9a7a-cf6e958c63a9"},"summary_title":"Catholic church"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113184","uid":"adlib-term-113184","uuid":"25fc548d-d02f-39a6-a34f-d609393a0043"},"summary_title":"J. W. L. Glaisher"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"black, brown, grey, red and flesh-pink"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39593","uid":"adlib-term-39593","uuid":"e3e2a3f8-2433-3f63-9bcf-e776644d312d"},"summary_title":"gold"}}],"name":"Decoration"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-98112","uid":"adlib-term-98112","uuid":"32d115a4-d3ac-33b0-b126-2a3da0fdf139"},"summary_title":"portrait"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"White earthenware figure moulded in three parts, with separately moulded hands and book. Painted in black, brown, grey, red and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt, and transfer printed."},{"value":"A bare-headed priest stands in dejected pose. He holds a chained book in his right hand, a scroll in his left, and his feet are chained. Behind him is a banner, swathed in chains. The figure is well coloured. The priest wears black clerical dress with white bands and a white cord around his waist. The book is brown; the chains are black and gilt; the scroll is outlined in gilt; and the banner has a flesh-pink pole. The priest\u2019s black hair has a combed pattern, his eyes are gilt and his eyebrows finely painted."},{"value":"The round base is deeply waisted, with additional shaping to the front. A gilt line runs across the top and bottom of the base, and a transferred title, \u2018POPERY.\u2019, sits between two short, horizontal, gilt lines. The banner and scroll are also transfer printed. The scroll reads: \u2018Either we must root out the Bible or the Bible will root us out. \u201cThe translators of the English Bible are to be abhorred to the depths of Hell\u201d. It would be better to be without God\u2019s law than without the Pope\u2019s\u2019. Dr. Troy. Arh Bishop of Dublin 1816\u2019."},{"value":"The banner reads: \u2018He that commiteth his conscience to the keeping of another is no longer a free man. Freedom of conscience and freedom of thought are essential to the freedom of a nation. Therefore a nation of Catholics is a nation of slaves\u2019."},{"value":"The underside is concave and glazed. The back is fully moulded and decorated, but without gilt."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.995-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.995-1928"},{"priref":"76509","type":"priref","value":"76509"},{"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume: 22","type":"old object number","value":"4102"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76509","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76509"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"a transferred title, \u2018POPERY.\u2019, sits between two short, horizontal, gilt lines"}],"location":"front of base","method":"transfer","transcription":[{"value":"POPERY"}],"type":"title"},{"description":[{"value":"Rectangular paper label, handwritten in black script: \u2018."}],"location":"underside of base","transcription":[{"value":"No.4102. Staffordshire figure of a standing priest, with a book in one hand and the other hand resting on a scroll inscribed \u2018POPERY\u2019 b. at Christies, Feb 11, 1919"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L.Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. 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Fig.183: a similarly moulded figure group with additional enamels, though different from those in the Harding figure.","page":"119","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7214","uid":"adlib-publication-7214","uuid":"5837e427-2875-313b-a414-8210d452c972"},"summary_title":"The Victorian Staffordshire Figure"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. a later figure group of Napoleon III as a small, prone figure surmounted by a large British lion","page":"12","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7216","uid":"adlib-publication-7216","uuid":"ae90609c-35b0-3a71-843a-73dea97c1dec"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref: lists figure as \u2018attributed to Sampson Smith\u2019","page":"61","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7294","uid":"adlib-publication-7294","uuid":"a2893bb2-7aa7-3a6e-95ab-99961cb71c2a"},"summary_title":"Sampson Smith, manufacturer of all kinds if figures in great variety: a celebration"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7217","uid":"adlib-publication-7217","uuid":"c1860f2b-473e-3562-a129-4344ff68ed22"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120306","uid":"adlib-term-120306","uuid":"4c444129-3d8c-340f-bfbd-b4d82e5cbd17"},"summary_title":"France"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-132647","uid":"adlib-term-132647","uuid":"44a306f5-07b7-35fd-a563-8d5c9c14c50e"},"summary_title":"betrothal"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110220","uid":"adlib-term-110220","uuid":"e22d3544-a393-3f19-9be4-dc2632ca9942"},"summary_title":"figure group"}},"summary_title":"figure group","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"White earthenware, moulded in three parts and pearlware glazed; painted with black, red and flesh-pink enamels, and gilt. 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