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Painted in black, blue, red, pink, yellow and green enamels, and gilt. The underside is concave and glazed. The back is moulded and decorated, with a vent hole concealed under the figure's behind, 6.5 cm from the bottom."},{"value":"The square base is encircled by a thick gilt line. Thomas Dartmouth Rice is dancing, right hand raised to his bowler hat, left hand on his hip, supported by a short pillar. The figure is well coloured. He has a black face and hands and wears: a pink jacket, touched with black; a blue waistcoat; a white shirt; a red neckerchief; yellow knee-breeches, decorated with squares of green; a brown hat and black shoes. His jacket, waistcoat, breeches and hat are edged in gilt."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.4-2011","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.4-2011"},{"priref":"185831","type":"priref","value":"185831"},{"source":"The Fitzwilliam Museum","type":"entry form","value":"1050"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/185831","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/185831"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Rectangular paper label, handwritten in black script"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"\u2018T.D.Rice as \u201cJim Crow\u201d VR c1836 see paper in cabinet\u2019"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Gift of Ms Anne Stow"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188415","uid":"adlib-agent-188415","uuid":"c843886d-fca3-322a-8c4d-24e131885bef"},"summary_title":"Stow, Anne, Ms"}],"date":[{"earliest":2011,"latest":2011,"value":"2011"}],"method":{"value":"given"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1836,"from":{"earliest":1836,"era":["CE"],"latest":1836,"precision":"circa","value":"1836"},"latest":1845,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1845,"era":["CE"],"latest":1845,"precision":"circa","value":"1845"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188416","uid":"adlib-agent-188416","uuid":"8da4c02c-e280-3013-a4da-6e3d6d6efc70"},"summary_title":"Dudson"}],"note":[{"value":"This figure depicts the white American actor Thomas Dartmouth Rice (1808-60) in his most famous role, that of \u2018Jim Crow\u2019, supposedly an elderly black man. Rice performed blackface and drew on aspects of African American culture, most notably vernacular speech, music and dance. His \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 persona was appropriated from the folk stories of a trickster by the same name that had long been popular among enslaved black people. Rice also popularised a traditional slave song entitled \u2018Jump Jim Crow\u2019 (1828). However, his exaggerated and racist depiction of the character meant that the term \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 was later used to refer to a generalised negative and stereotypical view of black people and was applied to the segregation laws that became prevalent in the U.S.A between 1870s and 1960s. The source of this figure is an image of Rice\u2019s character that appears on the lithograph music cover of a song performed by Rice when he visited England, in 1836. \nThe modelling of this figure is the same as that of a \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 which has been identified as Dudson figure (Dudson and Morgan,2006). Surviving ledgers for the period 1840-42 indicate that the Dudson factory produced figures of \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 in at least two sizes, priced at twelve shillings, six shillings and ten shillings a dozen. It appears to have been the only named theatrical figure they made at the time. The Dudson factory was founded in 1800 and at this time operated in Hope Street, Hanley, making a wide range of products, including both porcelain and earthenware figures. The latter are notable for the high standard of their decoration.\nA very similar figure, though in different pose, was made by John and Rebecca Lloyd, who made both earthenware and porcelain figures at Shelton between 1834 and 1852. The figure, which has been found with an impressed Lloyd Shelton mark, seems to be based on the same music cover source."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120127","uid":"adlib-term-120127","uuid":"ee2ddbd4-503c-30f5-8cf9-3c2d121bd315"},"summary_title":"Victoria I"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110443","uid":"adlib-term-110443","uuid":"8e41da15-698e-303b-ac89-c241a4e52efc"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Hanley"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107611","uid":"adlib-term-107611","uuid":"790e5a19-a186-34d5-a16e-2d8dff9f6247"},"summary_title":"white earthenware"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"6"},{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"in","value":"2.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"16.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"in","value":"6.5"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"},"type":"category"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130674","uid":"adlib-term-130674","uuid":"2728ba11-801b-318a-8f24-c6f4b99f08e3"},"summary_title":"Victorian Staffordshire figure"},"type":"category"},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130678","uid":"adlib-term-130678","uuid":"c683fbc6-ba3a-3ab1-b2f5-41493ff3588d"},"summary_title":"flat-backed figure"},"type":"category"}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Gift of Ms Anne Stow"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-71613","uid":"adlib-object-71613","uuid":"bd8313cb-bcd9-3856-b2dd-72702f8daabc"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-107609","uid":"adlib-term-107609","uuid":"71b65ef8-c0fb-319e-925f-37526bfc6764"},"summary_title":"flask"}},"summary_title":"flask"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.37: a very similar figure, though 146mm and differently decorated. The accompanying text indicates that figures were made in different sizes. Also, p.126, a list of figures ordered from the factory in 1842-44, compiled from original ledgers.","page":"34","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7327","uid":"adlib-publication-7327","uuid":"c13ba931-026a-3859-80c8-ffd7530320c9"},"summary_title":"Dudson Staffordshire Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Plate E37, Fig. 73: a very similar figure, though with different enamelling and 5 \u00be in. Also, Fig.72, another figure of Crow standing, and a lithograph music cover inscribed: \u2018Jim Crow!\u2019, with an illustration of a figure dancing.","page":"435","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3585","uid":"adlib-publication-3585","uuid":"784308ef-9535-3132-970c-45af8a273a64"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Portrait Figures and Allied Subjects of the Victorian Era"},{"@link":{"notes":"Fig.152: a similarly moulded figure, 6 \u00bc in, but in a slightly different pose and with a round base inscribed \u2018Jim Crow\u2019 in gilt script; impressed \u2018Lloyd Shelton\u2019.","page":"115","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7296","uid":"adlib-publication-7296","uuid":"ebd8a711-3a9e-3a56-ac62-2432cac6fe69"},"summary_title":"Staffordshire Pottery: The Tribal Art of England"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Fig.1123: a very similar figure, but with different decoration. 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Painted in black, blue, red, pink, yellow and green enamels, and gilt. The underside is concave and glazed. The back is moulded and decorated, with a vent hole concealed under the figure\u2019s behind, 6.5 cm from the bottom."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-130724","uid":"adlib-term-130724","uuid":"94dc0522-7bb7-3aa7-a884-0878f90b9d28"},"summary_title":"press moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-28681","uid":"adlib-term-28681","uuid":"c1f659e2-1209-31cf-8ff4-154e11452559"},"summary_title":"gilding"}}],"title":[{"value":"Thomas Dartmouth Rice as 'Jim Crow'"},{"value":"Jim Crow"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-71126","_score":18.495775,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999553000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-71126","indexed":1755194540141,"modified":1714466014000,"processed":1755194515997,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-71126","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71126","uuid":"4f35d18b-f720-3e09-bcc6-ed10c56bb507","version":7},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108657","uid":"adlib-term-108657","uuid":"c170cd8e-fc63-3446-81a4-6682b5979808"},"summary_title":"lead-glazed earthenware"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113184","uid":"adlib-term-113184","uuid":"25fc548d-d02f-39a6-a34f-d609393a0043"},"summary_title":"J. W. L. Glaisher"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"black, orange and brown"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110416","uid":"adlib-term-110416","uuid":"7347190c-472e-3638-b3f2-acd96e09c0cf"},"summary_title":"underglaze cobalt-blue"}}],"name":"Decoration"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106220","uid":"adlib-term-106220","uuid":"3040e455-d79a-3371-92d7-002ae1cea70a"},"summary_title":"animals"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"White earthenware animal figure, moulded in-the-round in several parts and lead-glazed. Painted in under-glaze blue and in black, orange and brown enamels and gilt."},{"value":"The dog sits, facing left, its neck outstretched. Below its chin, a circular moulded dog bowl standing on the base doubles as both ink-well and vent hole. The dog is white with brown patches, and wears a gilt collar and chain, which runs down its left foreleg. Its eyes and whiskers are finely painted in black; its claws are touched in in under-glaze blue. The figure is well coloured. The base, a rough oval, is a deep but uneven blue; a gilt line runs across the front, its ends dipping towards the bottom. The underside is concave and glazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.1006-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.1006-1928"},{"priref":"71126","type":"priref","value":"71126"},{"date":[{"earliest":1915,"latest":1915,"value":"1915"}],"source":"Glaisher MS catalogue, Volume: 20","type":"old object number","value":"3912"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71126","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/71126"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Rectangular paper label, handwritten in black script"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"handwritten in black ink","transcription":[{"value":"No.3912. White dog with brown spots seated on a blue base, forming an ink-stand b. in London Feb 27 1915"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr. J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest, 1928"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1928-12-07"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1840,"from":{"earliest":1840,"era":["CE"],"latest":1840,"precision":"circa","value":"1840"},"latest":1850,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1850,"era":["CE"],"latest":1850,"precision":"circa","value":"1850"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"perhaps","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-188322","uid":"adlib-agent-188322","uuid":"d2344392-f9d9-3100-ae13-f05b9a1858fa"},"summary_title":"James Dudson"}],"note":[{"value":"Dr Glaisher generally only bought Victorian Staffordshire figures which represented a known person or place, or which could be dated. But, on purchasing this and another figure of a dog, he notes: \u2018In both the base is of a bright blue, not uniform but shaded and very dark in places [\u2026]I think this dark blue first came into use about 1830 and rather distinguishes the period 1830-1845.  The modelling in both is good [\u2026]. I always feel rather interested in the animals which serve also as ink stands\u2019."},{"value":"Rackham (1935) lists this figure as of a type made chiefly by Sampson Smith at Longton, a factory listed in contemporary directories as a \u2018manufacturer of figures in great variety\u2019, which began around 1851. But this figure is moulded in the round, so was probably made in the 1840s. The Dudson factory at Hanley produced many animal figures, particularly dogs, at this time. These were often on bases painted underglaze in a rich cobalt blue and with a gilt line across the front. The fine painting of the dog\u2019s face, with the whiskers delicately painted and the eyes moulded with a dot at the centre and a fine black line above, also suggests that this is a Dudson figure. Dudson ledgers of 1842-44 show that dogs were made, both as pairs and inkwells, and that setters, for example, sold wholesale at 5\/- (five shillings) a dozen (Dudson (2006), p.131)."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110443","uid":"adlib-term-110443","uuid":"8e41da15-698e-303b-ac89-c241a4e52efc"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Hanley"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107611","uid":"adlib-term-107611","uuid":"790e5a19-a186-34d5-a16e-2d8dff9f6247"},"summary_title":"white 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