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The wheel-thrown mug is a cylindrical shape with a loop handle. Opposite the handle is printed an image with the title \u2018THE DEATH OF GENL WOLFE\u2019. The collapsed General is shown surrounded by his supporters with his musket and battle gear in front on him; two more onlookers are placed off to the left. 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The battle was turning point in the British struggle against the French in North America and Wolfe was heralded as a hero. In 1771, Benjamin West painted the General at the moment of his death, surrounded by his supporters, although the image should not be taken as a record of historical fact as it omits Wolfe\u2019s friend Colonel John Hale, who refused to pay the \u2018admission fee' West charged for inclusion in the painting. The painting was engraved by William Woollett and published in 1776, when it became hugely popular; it is from Woollett\u2019s print that the mug image is derived. Commemorative subjects such as this were designed to reinforce patriotic feelings."},{"value":"Transfer printing was introduced to English pottery in the second half of the 18th century. Until recently, it was believed that transfer printed wares of the 18th and early 19th centuries were made using tissue paper to transfer the image onto the object from an engraved copper plate. However, Paul Holdway has demonstrated that most early transfer-printed ware uses another technique, one which involved the use of glue bats. This technique also relied on a copper plate but it was linseed oil, rather than ink, that was applied. The bat, a thin sheet of animal glue, would be pressed onto the oiled plate and then applied to the ware. Once the bat was removed, the ware was dusted with powdered metallic oxide, which adhered to the oil, and fired to fix the design. For round-bodied vessels like this mug, this technique had a distinct advantage over the tissue paper method: whereas tissue paper wrinkles when it is applied to a curved object, a flexible glue bat stretches round the shape. There is evidence that this mug was decorated using the glue bat technique: there are a number of small bubble-like interruptions to the design. Such flaws are a hallmark of glue bat printed wares, occurring where pockets of air or grains of dirt are trapped between the bat and the object."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-121310","uid":"adlib-term-121310","uuid":"5e488133-3cf0-3e4a-8ec1-844b07079193"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107437","uid":"adlib-term-107437","uuid":"96f4b0d1-fc11-39ff-ae91-1b23d888d479"},"summary_title":"George III"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106944","uid":"adlib-term-106944","uuid":"8e183a88-c2c5-3ba8-8ced-c5e1cc027cf6"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Liverpool"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"cream 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He was a pioneer of Art Nouveau style, inspired by natural forms, and designed dishes, vases, plaques and tiles for Maw & Co., Pilkington\u2019s and Wedgwood. There exist other examples of vases with this design. In an 'Art Journal' article, 1898, Crane wrote: \u2018I designed a set of vases for lustre ware, giving the sections to the thrower and painting on the biscuit the designs, which were copied on duplicate vases in lustre\u2019. \n\nMaw & Company, established 1850, continues today as a manufacturer of encaustic and geometric floor tiles and  modelled, tube-lined and other decorated wall tiles, using traditional craft skills and supplying some of the world\u2019s most prestigious buildings. By the 1880s, it was the world\u2019s largest ceramic tile company, producing some 20 million pieces per year. 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