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The business  became known for its relief-moulded jugs, for which it is likely that Abington was the modeller, and was re-named Ridgway & Abington in 1845. One of the first to offer such jugs, in the early 1830s, they produced some 26 designs over the next 30 years. Other potters followed, notably Minton and Charles Meigh, and relief moulded jugs (some with ceramic or metal lids) in a wide variety of design became a popular household mainstay for water, beer milk and other liquids which might now be kept in bottles, cans or plastic jars."},{"value":"The decoration is unusual. However, an 1849 review in The Journal of Design and Manufactures commends it over the more common use of narrative or classical designs: 'The bulrush jug is calculated for a large sale, by reason, as it seems, of its demanding probably little labour to finish it, and its consequent cheapness\u2026 we presume [it] is for tee-totallers, from the watery character of its ornament\u2019. The same design was used on a mustard pot and a sugar box, both with metal lids, and some jugs have \u2018BULRUSH\u2019 impressed on the base; only two Ridgway jug designs were named in this way. The design seems to have instigated a new fashion, as several other potteries, notably Dudson, produced naturalistic relief moulded jugs from the 1850s.   It may have been influenced by Richard Redgrave\u2019s 1847 \u2018Well Spring\u2019 carafe, is decorated with water weeds and flower heads, which is also in the Fitzwilliam Collection (C.50-1972)."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106851","uid":"adlib-term-106851","uuid":"e155f998-1e0b-3f2a-851c-24f44d05dd59"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-15214","uid":"adlib-term-15214","uuid":"744af2c4-a2f2-37ad-bbf4-2cd00e91ed9b"},"summary_title":"Victorian"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110443","uid":"adlib-term-110443","uuid":"8e41da15-698e-303b-ac89-c241a4e52efc"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Hanley"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"pale 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The sides of the jug spread out towards a high shoulder and a cylindrical neck, which flares towards the rim and spout. The sides are decorated with six oval strapwork panels, each containing, in turn, the leaves and fruit of vines, hops and barley or corn. Below each panel is an oval shield flanked by foliate scrolls. A strapwork border runs around the neck. The handle is angular, with scrollwork decoration. The outside is smear glazed; the interior is fully glazed and shiny. The underside is recessed and smear-glazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.46-1981","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.46-1981"},{"priref":"75185","type":"priref","value":"75185"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75185","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75185"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Diamond shape with 'Rd' in the centre, 'w' in the left corner, 'u' in the top corner, '7' in the right corner, and 'I' in the bottom corner. Above the diamond a small circle with 'IV'."}],"location":"underside of base","method":"moulded with the body","type":"mark"},{"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"21"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"two small parallel lines"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"'ll'"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Countess Shelagh S. Rietberg, Cambridge, 1981"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-166432","uid":"adlib-agent-166432","uuid":"46431f0b-ebf0-3857-9a9c-c73542adfde6"},"summary_title":"Rietberg, Shelagh, Countess"}],"date":[{"earliest":1981,"latest":1981,"value":"1981"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1981-10-12"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1848,"from":{"earliest":1848,"era":["CE"],"latest":1848,"precision":"circa","value":"1848"},"latest":1850,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1850,"era":["CE"],"latest":1850,"value":"1850"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160980","uid":"adlib-agent-160980","uuid":"7a83d9b5-7352-3ae3-9950-be68d6de8d1c"},"summary_title":"Ridgway & Abington"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-190601","uid":"adlib-agent-190601","uuid":"8a43a61b-26ec-3dfe-978f-290165b4d453"},"summary_title":"William Ridgway & Co"}],"note":[{"value":"In October 1849 the Art Journal noted that Ridgway & Abington \u2018are famous for their manufacture of water and beer jugs, which are, in almost all cases, admirable examples of design and execution\u2019. However, a reviewer in the March-August 1849 Journal of Design and Manufactures was less complimentary about this jug\u2019s design, writing: 'The principal defects of form are, that the curve of the lower portion is rather high shouldered, and that the handle is surprisingly ugly. The whole surface is a little too uniformly covered with enrichment, and in some places the lines are rather too crowded and huddled together. The ornament, consisting of hop, vine, and barley, is, however, prettily modelled\u2019. He also felt the architectural regularity of the panels was at odds with  \u2018the artistic mode of production\u2019 on the potter\u2019s wheel."},{"value":"Relief moulded jugs were popular in mid 19th Century homes. The smear-glazing makes the most of the way that colour-stained clays show off crisply-moulded ornament, whilst the stoneware would be durable in an everyday setting. There are several examples in the Fitzwilliam Collection. Here, the jug\u2019s vine and hop design indicates its function as a jug for a jug for beer or wine. The same jug was made in buff and white stoneware."},{"value":"The Ridgway family produced stoneware and porcelain in Staffordshire from the 1790s until the 20th Century. Trained by their father, Job, the brothers William and John already had a reputation for drab (coloured) stoneware  decorated with applied relief sprigs when William Ridgway established Church Works, Hanley, in 1831. He was also a noted philanthropist, building alms houses and a school for local children \u2013 many of whom he employed in his potteries. With his partner James Leonard Abington and (later) his son Edward, by 1843 he operated six pot-works in Hanley and Shelton. The business  became known for its relief-moulded jugs, for which it is likely that Abington was the modeller, and was re-named Ridgway & Abington in 1845. One of the first to offer such jugs, in the early 1830s, they produced some 26 designs over the next 30 years. Other potters followed, notably Minton and Charles Meigh, and relief moulded jugs (some with ceramic or metal lids) in a wide variety of design became a popular household mainstay for water, beer milk and other liquids which might now be kept in bottles, cans or plastic jars."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106851","uid":"adlib-term-106851","uuid":"e155f998-1e0b-3f2a-851c-24f44d05dd59"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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The wide neck has a broad lip and wavy rim. with a broad lip, and wavy rim; the handle is angular. The sides are decorated with two Bacchanalian scenes, each with a crowd of finely modelled revelling figures in mid-high relief. The foot is encircled by a wavy stem of ivy leaves and berries. The neck and shoulders are covered with a fruiting vine which stems from the handle. The interior is fully glazed. The underside is recessed and un-glazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.44-2006","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.44-2006"},{"priref":"136937","type":"priref","value":"136937"},{"date":[{"earliest":2006,"latest":2006,"value":"2006"}],"source":"The Fitzwilliam Museum","type":"Entry form","value":"830"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/136937","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/136937"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"Applied blue stoneware pad mark, comprising a coat-of arms supported by a front face lion and a unicorn, with below the date on a ribbon \u2018SEPT.30 1844' and four curved ribbons impressed REGISTd.\/ No. 21960\/CHARLES\/MEIGH\u2019 enclosing the diamond-shaped the Patent Registration Mark"}],"location":"on base","method":"moulded and applied","transcription":[{"value":"\u2018SEPT.30 1844\/ REGISTd.\/ No. 21960\/CHARLES\/MEIGH'"}],"type":"factory mark"},{"description":[{"value":"lozenge-shaped"}],"location":"in centre of the pale blue applied mark on the base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"IV C at top 'D' at left, '30' at right, and 1 at the bottom with Rd in the middle"}],"type":"patent registration mark"},{"location":"on the base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"18"}],"type":"number"},{"description":[{"value":"(indistinct)"}],"location":"underside of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"'D B' or 'D 3'"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Given by Dr Mark Blackburn in memory of Professor Phillip Grierson"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-159402","uid":"adlib-agent-159402","uuid":"cfc98985-e6ce-385d-940a-061b938c89a9"},"summary_title":"Blackburn, Mark, Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":2006,"latest":2006,"value":"2006-11-21"}],"method":{"value":"given"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 2006-11-21"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1844,"from":{"earliest":1844,"era":["CE"],"latest":1844,"precision":"circa","value":"1844"},"latest":1850,"note":[{"value":"The design for the jug was registered on 30 September 1844"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1850,"era":["CE"],"latest":1850,"value":"1850"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-174497","uid":"adlib-agent-174497","uuid":"fb512d3e-046d-38e5-80d6-257f2a3b3402"},"summary_title":"Charles Meigh & Co"}],"note":[{"value":"Charles Meigh (d.1865) had become a partner in his father\u2019s earthenware pottery business by  1812. He traded under his own name from 1835, and is known to have produced relief moulded jugs in a similar style to this from c.1839.  He was known as a liberal patron of the arts and collector of painting and drawings, which included works by Poussin, Gainsborough and Van Dyck."},{"value":"Relief moulded jugs were popular in mid 19th Century homes, where they were used for water, beer milk and other liquids which might now be kept in bottles, cans or plastic jars. The smear-glazing makes the most of the way that, sometimes colour-stained, clays show off crisply-moulded ornament, whilst the stoneware is sufficiently durable for everyday use. There are several examples in the Fitzwilliam Collection. This jug was a popular design and was produced in large numbers, sometimes with a hinged metal lid, and later adapted for a mug; there were also buff stoneware and Parian versions. It was later adapted for a mug which won a Society of Arts medal, and for a covered drinking cup exhibited at the 1851 Great Exhibition."},{"value":"The Bacchanalian scenes are taken from works ny Poussin and Rubens. In Nicholas Poussin's 'Bacchanalian revel before a term', 1632-33 (National Gallery), arcadian revellers drink and dance before a pillar crowned with a torso and head, possibly Pan. It is thought that the modeller may have worked from an engraving by George Thomas Doo or by S.S. Smith of the Poussin image, since both were published in collections from the National Gallery c.1840. The other image is taken from Sir Peter Paul Rubens\u2019 'Drunken Silenus', a wise old drunkard who had the gift of prophesy. Minton also used this source for a jug. Rubens painted four versions, and Henrywood suggests that the source here was a print of the one that hung in the Gemaldegalerie, Berlin, until its destruction in 1945. There is another version, 1616-17, in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 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The handle is moulded in the form of a lion, his head looking down inside the jug. Below the spout is a bust of George IV in profile to left imposed on a sunburst. On each side is a flying Victory holding out a wreath towards him. On each side of the neck are a rose, a thistle and a shamrock, with a two stylised rosettes around the spout. The interior is fully glazed and glossy. 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