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From the mid 1830s, new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares were introduced, and in 1844 the factory was commissioned to produce floor tiles to Pugin\u2019s designs for the new Palace of Wedminster. The 1840s also saw the introduction of dust-pressed tiles, made by pressing powdered clay into a moulding box, building on a process patented by Richard Prosser for making buttons. Dust-pressed tiles dry more quickly and are less likely to warp. Moreover, by introducing dies into the moulding box, a single press can produce relief decoration and a moulded back - a characteristic feature of dust-pressed tiles, which aids  bonding with mortar. In 1845, Herbert Minton took two nephews, Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins, into partnership. In 1868, following a dispute, Hollins left to set up a tile works trading as Minton, Hollins & Co., which continued successfully into 1950s, before merging with Johnson tiles. Mintons also continues to produce tiles."},{"value":"This tile is one of a series of allegorical figures representing The Arts. Three are in the Fitzwilliam Collection: \u2018Sculpture\u2019, \u2018Design\u2019 and \u2018Architecture\u2019, there may also have been others, perhaps including \u2018Music\u2019. The series was also produced in 6 inch tiles. These three tiles may originally have been displayed as plaques or inset as panels into a cabinet or washstand. The series is linked by a unified colour-scheme, similarly drawn and clothed figures and recurring attributes. The allegorical theme and dress are classical, but the setting, pose and bold colours give the tiles a more modern air. 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The resulting indentations are then filled with different coloured slips (liquid clay); a thin layer of glaze is then applied before firing."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton (1765-1836), originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, his son Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"The sandwich construction of the tile combines a fine surface for the inlaid pattern with the robustness of the coarse clay centre and also prevents warping. The design here is made to be part of a continuing pattern.  The texture and bright colours of the finished tile echo Minton\u2019s coloured lead-glazed \u2018Majolica wares\u2019, introduced to great acclaim at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Majolica ware tiles were also popular in the latter part of the century, but generally used for wall or fireplace decoration."},{"value":"Tile making increased dramatically in 19th century Britain, encouraged by church building and restoration and by new concerns about public health. Minton lead the way in both innovation and the revival of mediaeval production methods, using recently re-discovered techniques to make inlaid (or encaustic) floor tiles for the Houses of Parliament and other major buildings, introducing dust-pressing methods and making a wide range of printed and moulded relief tiles."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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Two handles modelled as snakes, coil on the rim and curve down to meet the rounded shoulders. Painted in dark blue on a white ground with a frieze of putti playing on swags linked by two bearded masks below the handles. The frieze is bordered by Renaissance-style scrolling foliage and motifs, also on the neck and foot; the handles have a blue snake-skin pattern painted onto the cream clay. 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Both the transfer pattern and the tulip design here are found on other Minton designs."},{"value":"L\u00e9on Victor Solon (1872-1957) joined Minton in 1895, and John Wadsworth (1879-1955) in 1902. From 1903, they led the introduction of Minton \u2018Secessionist Ware\u2019, range of  vases, plates, teapots, jardini\u00e8res and other items featuring Art Nouveau designs applied to new elongated shapes and accentuated by slip-trailing. Solon favoured sinuous figurative and foliate designs, Wadsworth\u2019s tend to be more rationalised and restrained. 'Secessionist Ware' was produced until 1914."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109008","uid":"adlib-term-109008","uuid":"841b18bd-944d-3c9c-8d39-bdaabbcc28e1"},"summary_title":"20th Century, Early"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-114724","uid":"adlib-term-114724","uuid":"5a440df3-6de5-387e-a3a2-4c8ae96a9213"},"summary_title":"Edward VII"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110455","uid":"adlib-term-110455","uuid":"5e7df88f-a1c2-39c8-a341-807aa544c9d0"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke-on-Trent"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"13.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"25"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Lent by Rita Smythe"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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Decorated on the body with four gold-framed roundels, containing stylised geometric and floral patterns, and around the neck with stylised leaves and flowers, all very precisely and brightly painted over a turquoise ground. Around the rim two gold bands with a band of gold dots between. Interior and underside, within foot-rim, clear glazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.29-2023","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.29-2023"},{"priref":"239634","type":"priref","value":"239634"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/239634","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/239634"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"(also other marks, indecipherable)"}],"method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"l . l"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"painted in turquoise, tiny","transcription":[{"value":"2"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"rounded 'E'"}],"location":"underside","method":"painted in gold","transcription":[{"value":"E"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"rectangular paper label written in blue ink","transcription":[{"value":"P. \/ 425"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Bequeathed by Ian and Rita Smythe, 2023"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-207352","uid":"adlib-agent-207352","uuid":"4292f87c-db99-3802-814a-e72ca4c303af"},"summary_title":"Smythe, Ian and Rita"}],"date":[{"earliest":2023,"latest":2023,"value":"2023"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"old (long loan) number: AAL.30-2018"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1875,"era":["CE"],"latest":1875,"note":[{"value":"perhaps"}],"precision":"circa","value":"1875"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153865","uid":"adlib-agent-153865","uuid":"853be336-7cfb-32d1-aa54-fb4dff401cf0"},"summary_title":"Minton & Co."},{"@link":{"qualifier":"possibly","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-38558","uid":"adlib-agent-38558","uuid":"ccde26d6-2dae-36c6-9a3f-941a84f3d2bf"},"summary_title":"Dresser, Christopher"}],"note":[{"value":"Minton introduced cloisonn\u00e9\u2019 ware in the 1860s. Thought to be developed by Louis Arnoux, it imitated the ancient Chinese technique of separating enamel colours with fine wire by precise painting and gilding on a turquoise ground. The finely painted botanical design is perhaps by Christopher Dresser (1834-1904), who originally trained as a botanist, held scientific and art botany professorships and imported Japanese and oriental wares. Dresser produced designs for  various manufacturers, including Minton and Linthorpe Pottery."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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china"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"8"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"11"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Lent by Rita Smythe"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-239633","uid":"adlib-object-239633","uuid":"6c1ac863-3d85-35f9-97e8-e1acbfe095ca"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}},"summary_title":"vase"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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pair)"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-15309","_score":16.569086,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592984171000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-15309","indexed":1747246332501,"modified":1714464859000,"processed":1747245848890,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-15309","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15309","uuid":"325d69bc-1e4b-3c2d-a0c0-d1a1bc3ce040","version":5},"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192324","uid":"adlib-agent-192324","uuid":"f314fede-820f-376a-8509-2f789ea47570"},"summary_title":"Hollins, Michael Daintry"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-190684","uid":"adlib-agent-190684","uuid":"2579108e-638f-3b33-9b9f-1609c02ae9ce"},"summary_title":"Minton, Herbert"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192153","uid":"adlib-agent-192153","uuid":"c4be50a6-9d1e-3e13-8186-fd7504317801"},"summary_title":"Campbell, Colin Minton"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192325","uid":"adlib-agent-192325","uuid":"fc15d5d0-77b4-3d0d-b6f1-1e5c0e2ba206"},"summary_title":"Prosser, Richard"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153879","uid":"adlib-agent-153879","uuid":"fffa4701-cb31-3998-b0b6-de29f0daac29"},"summary_title":"Architecture"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-134014","uid":"adlib-term-134014","uuid":"22dedc01-49b6-316d-ab69-6faa815d0384"},"summary_title":"dust-pressed earthenware"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"green, magenta and brown"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107563","uid":"adlib-term-107563","uuid":"38dcd825-1de1-3222-82c6-15a95729b5ff"},"summary_title":"enamels"}}],"name":"Decoration"}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23557","uid":"adlib-term-23557","uuid":"194aa9d9-b56f-3c7d-8624-28305a4d3af5"},"summary_title":"arts\/architecture"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Earthenware, transfer-printed, hand-painted and glazed, in painted wood frame"},{"value":"Square, off-white, dust-pressed earthenware tile. Transfer printed design shows an allegorical figure of \u2018Architecture\u2019 holding an opened scroll and a pair of dividers, sitting on steps and leaning against a Corinthian capital. In the background are diagrams of two classically-inspired buildings; in the foreground, a set-square and plumb line. The figures and objects are filled with shaded blocks of colour. The woman\u2019s under-shirt is blue, edged with yellow, and covered by a flowing magenta robe with green lining. Her hair, shoes and the capital are brown. The back of the tile is pressed into coffered squares, unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.15-1983","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.15-1983"},{"priref":"15309","type":"priref","value":"15309"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15309","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15309"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"(probably - obscured by newspaper backing, but on others in this series)"}],"method":"relief moulded","transcription":[{"value":"MINTON \/ HOLLINS \/ & Co; \/ PATENT \/ TILE \/ WORKS \/ STOKE ON \/ TRENT"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the J.R.V. Smyth Fund."},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-158056","uid":"adlib-agent-158056","uuid":"d3404969-df00-35f3-84f7-498fbf3c2304"},"summary_title":"Eve, Joan"}],"date":[{"earliest":1983,"latest":1983,"value":"1983-06-13"}],"method":{"value":"bought"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1983-06-13"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1875,"from":{"earliest":1875,"era":["CE"],"latest":1875,"precision":"circa","value":"1875"},"latest":1880,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1880,"era":["CE"],"latest":1880,"value":"1880"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153867","uid":"adlib-agent-153867","uuid":"becae2e5-6f72-35bb-8087-e37b4176e7e7"},"summary_title":"Minton Hollins & Co."},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-192328","uid":"adlib-agent-192328","uuid":"b3eeebc7-a738-3c22-aedd-cbc7580adddd"},"summary_title":"unidentified artist"}],"note":[{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793, originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. From the mid 1830s, new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares were introduced, and in 1844 the factory was commissioned to produce floor tiles to Pugin\u2019s designs for the new Palace of Wedminster. The 1840s also saw the introduction of dust-pressed tiles, made by pressing powdered clay into a moulding box, building on a process patented by Richard Prosser for making buttons. Dust-pressed tiles dry more quickly and are less likely to warp. Moreover, by introducing dies into the moulding box, a single press can produce relief decoration and a moulded back - a characteristic feature of dust-pressed tiles, which aids  bonding with mortar. In 1845, Herbert Minton took two nephews, Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins, into partnership. In 1868, following a dispute, Hollins left to set up a tile works trading as Minton, Hollins & Co., which continued successfully into 1950s, before merging with Johnson tiles. Mintons also continues to produce tiles."},{"value":"This tile is one of a series of allegorical figures representing The Arts. Three are in the Fitzwilliam Collection: \u2018Sculpture\u2019, \u2018Design\u2019 and \u2018Architecture\u2019, there may also have been others, perhaps including \u2018Music\u2019. The series was also produced in 6 inch tiles. These three tiles may originally have been displayed as plaques or inset as panels into a cabinet or washstand. The series is linked by a unified colour-scheme, similarly drawn and clothed figures and recurring attributes. The allegorical theme and dress are classical, but the setting, pose and bold colours give the tiles a more modern air. Although examples of this design are rare, tile series were popular at the time, with subjects ranging from \u2018agriculture\u2019 to \u2018musical instruments\u2019; another version of Arts and Sciences, designed by John Moyr Smith for Mintons China Works in c.1892, shows more classically posed figures."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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A three-coloured, inlaid version of this plate was shown at the Birmingham Exhibition of 1849 and an engraving was printed in the Journal of Design the following year. The design, listed in the Minton ornamental shape books as \u2018430 Tray, bread, Pugin\u2019s \u2018WASTE NOT WANT NOT\u2019, encaustic (M)\u2019, was available for many years, produced with either inlaid (encaustic) design or in relief-decorated Majolica (the final \u2018M\u2019 in the shape book indicates Majolica).  On this Majolica example, the factory mark indicates a date after 1873, which is confirmed by the impressed year mark for 1875."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793,  originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. Minton encaustic tiles, designed by Pugin c.1850, featured extensively in Pugin\u2019s designs for the interior of the new Palace of Westminster and wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 were introduced, to great acclaim, at the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"The ears of wheat in the design symbolise bread, indicating the function of the plate. The motto \u2018waste not want not\u2019, first recorded in 1772, would have had special meaning when Pugin designed the plate, at the end of a decade when many people went hungry. An earlier version, \u2018willful waste makes woeful want\u2019 was in use from c.1576."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Late"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-116524","uid":"adlib-term-116524","uuid":"2532ce61-8150-3256-b951-d5175a8faa11"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"34.3"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"2.5"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-45140","uid":"adlib-media-45140","uuid":"9c685891-c23b-37cb-a712-446d65745bb1"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/mid_C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/preview_C_52_1972_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742583342266,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-45141","uid":"adlib-media-45141","uuid":"99b18b3a-ea64-39cb-b01a-3c0c6bd2f3ae"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/mid_C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa3\/preview_C_52_1972_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742583393317,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-117138","uid":"adlib-term-117138","uuid":"e2a9f298-5d84-3e66-84d5-5fd4649077be"},"summary_title":"bread plate"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"From the Charles & Lavinia Handley-Read Collection. Purchased from the executor, Thomas Stainton, 1972."}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-75074","uid":"adlib-object-75074","uuid":"0ab6e574-5d63-3b95-9483-a1466ae80dac"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-88137","uid":"adlib-term-88137","uuid":"eeab1777-4158-31f4-8f8a-0015cb1910f7"},"summary_title":"ewer"}},"summary_title":"ewer"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-75036","uid":"adlib-object-75036","uuid":"4a8ee79b-3553-37ee-b325-693f7128447a"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}},"summary_title":"vase"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-74966","uid":"adlib-object-74966","uuid":"5d74eb4d-6d87-33d6-a1b3-d3ed5f8bffb8"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-91154","uid":"adlib-term-91154","uuid":"e8910136-0f36-3b86-960d-f7466393839d"},"summary_title":"tazza"}},"summary_title":"tazza"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-74920","uid":"adlib-object-74920","uuid":"a1038f68-ef6b-3650-b2c3-2ae0b59a7616"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-88137","uid":"adlib-term-88137","uuid":"eeab1777-4158-31f4-8f8a-0015cb1910f7"},"summary_title":"ewer"}},"summary_title":"ewer"},{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-15302","uid":"adlib-object-15302","uuid":"df15d696-5363-3c1f-9a01-34bbf626c29b"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-30982","uid":"adlib-term-30982","uuid":"952a2227-ce0e-31a3-a0d9-40085991be5b"},"summary_title":"tile"}},"summary_title":"tile"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. an early example, with inlaid design in three colours, now in the V&A (C.46-1972). See pp.17-18 for factory and date marks.","page":"17-18","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2727","uid":"adlib-publication-2727","uuid":"02232f50-fd3b-3b8a-9687-1a8ff3f7c0d1"},"summary_title":"Minton 1798-1910"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. B39, an example with inlaid design.","page":"30","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1048","uid":"adlib-publication-1048","uuid":"3731e4a6-d392-3c17-9cbb-1cb7a099cfbb"},"summary_title":"Victorian and Edwardian Decorative Art , The Handley-Read Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. contemporary engraving of plate, made by Minton and design attributed to Pugin. See also Vol. III, p.88.","page":"Vol.II p. 97","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002963","uid":"adlib-publication-200002963","uuid":"8e90a81b-ad38-3148-b5ba-24f060b2f42a"},"summary_title":"Journal of Design and Manufactures"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7717","uid":"adlib-publication-7717","uuid":"cfc591c4-fcca-3992-be8b-eb0ca6658ce0"},"summary_title":"Design from 1860, Auction 18002,  21 April 2010"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. Pugin design for bread plate with ill. of similar designs. 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Also ill. design for a block printed soup plate. p.367 for Minton bibliography, pp.378-80 for marks.","page":"292-293","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7697","uid":"adlib-publication-7697","uuid":"78ab2e7d-b46a-3610-9abd-ab9839494cf3"},"summary_title":"Dictionary of Minton"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 173, no. 183, decorated in blue and red, Minton, 1851","page":"163-174","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002916","uid":"adlib-publication-200002916","uuid":"b85b802d-8d56-3271-85d1-4ae390599633"},"summary_title":"The Ceramic Designs of A.W.N. Pugin"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. marks, incl. \u2018best body\u2019 mark.","page":"440-442","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2663","uid":"adlib-publication-2663","uuid":"a2faf0b6-febd-3d16-82e0-6444a2dc48e7"},"summary_title":"Encyclopaedia of British Pottery and Porcelain Marks"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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The highly ornate loop handle which extends above the rim is modelled as Triton, a merman bending backwards and clutching his bifurcated foliate tail. A moulded mermaid is applied below the spout, her arms spread as on the prow of a ship.  The body is decorated with applied green foliage set on a magenta ground, two moulded masks and four large oval turquoise panels.  The underside is hollow and clear-glazed, except for a broad foot-rim, with a central metal wing-nut bolting the base to the body."},{"value":"The stand is oval with a wide flared rim. Around the rim are four more moulded masks, holding oak-leaf swags over four slightly convex, plain turquoise ovals.  The circular centre is mid-blue, encircled by a thin band of ochre and a wider band of green foliage on magenta ground. 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This and another have plain turquoise panels. Others have finely painted narrative panels. One of these, now in the Victoria & Albert Museum (no.8107&A-1863), was painted by Thomas Allen with classical gods (after Polidoro da Caravaggio) while the stand shows the Labours of Hercules (after Lebrun). It was shown by Minton at the London International Exhibition of 1862. The shape, however, was in use earlier as indicated by the date-mark, 1856, on the Fitzwilliam example and an early listing in the Minton ornamental shape book 3, c.1854-62, which reads: \u2018616: \u2018Ewer and stand, Jeannest, with Triton handle, H.2\u20196\u201d \u2018. The Greek god Triton, son of Poseidon, was the messenger of the sea; he is typically represented as the merman seen here."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793, originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, Herbert Minton  (1793-1858) revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"Pierre-Emile Jeannest, (1813 \u2013 1857) was a French ceramic and silver designer. The son of a sculptor, he worked for Minton c.1846-1852, designing Parian figures, majolica ware and tableware. He later worked for Elkingtons, designing silver, whilst continuing to supply Minton designs as a freelance. He also taught the model class at Stoke School of Design."},{"value":"This is a particularly ambitious example of  mid-nineteenth century ceramics combining Renaissance sources with  innovation. Minton launched wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 at the Great Exhibition of 1851, to great acclaim. The new product took inspiration from  Italian  maiolica, tin-glazed earthenware with finely painted decoration, Della Robbia sculpture, and the brightly coloured lead-glazes favoured by Bernard Palissy. Other factories, including Wedgwood, followed suit, but Minton\u2019s Majolicaware  developed in the late 1840s was notable for an exceptionally wide  palette of glazes developed under the leadership of Art Director L\u00e9on 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Launched at the Great Exhibition of 1851, to great acclaim, wares \u2018coloured in the Majolica style\u2019 took inspiration from Italian maiolica, tin-glazed earthenware with finely painted decoration. Some Minton designers, such as Kirkby, favoured close imitation of Italian designs (as here),    though 19th-century \u2018Majolica ware\u2019 more often favours sculptural forms and brightly coloured lead glazes."},{"value":"Minton, founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton (1765-1836) , originally produced blue printed earthenware and, later, creamware, bone china and other products, particularly tableware. Taking over in 1836, his son Herbert Minton revolutionised production methods and introduced new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares. In 1858 the business passed to Herbert\u2019s nephew, Colin Minton Campbell (1827-85), who continued the expansion. The early business traded under various names, from 1845 it was known as Minton & Co. and from 1873 as Mintons Ltd."},{"value":"Thomas Kirkby (1824-1901) joined Minton as an apprentice in 1837, rising to Art Curator before his retirement in 1887. He specialised in painting classical figure subjects in the style of Italian maiolica. There is another Minton tazza of this design in the V & A Museum, inscribed 'Apotheosis of the Amours of Jupiter from Julia [sic] Romano', however recent scholarship suggests the image is in fact taken from a drawing  by Pirro Ligorio (c.1513-1583) , though perhaps based on an original work by Giulio Romano (1489-1546). The V & A tazza, inscribed 'T Kirkby pinx Minton & Co\u2019, was exhibited at the 1862 London International Exhibition. The presence of a second artist\u2019s signature on this example suggests that Kirby used an assistant in painting this tazza, maybe to order after the 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Decorated on the body with four gold-framed roundels, containing stylised geometric and floral patterns, and around the neck with stylised leaves and flowers, all very precisely and brightly painted over a turquoise ground. Around the rim two gold bands with a band of gold dots between. 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Thought to be developed by Louis Arnoux, it imitated the ancient Chinese technique of separating enamel colours with fine wire by precise painting and gilding on a turquoise ground. The finely painted botanical design is perhaps by Christopher Dresser (1834-1904), who originally trained as a botanist, held scientific and art botany professorships and imported Japanese and oriental wares. Dresser produced designs for manufacturers, including Minton and Linthorpe Pottery."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109672","uid":"adlib-term-109672","uuid":"a788e98b-c8a4-313c-9617-1a812228e864"},"summary_title":"19th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-97680","uid":"adlib-term-97680","uuid":"d0493beb-d54a-30ea-970d-e525d2e9403e"},"summary_title":"Victoria"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110455","uid":"adlib-term-110455","uuid":"5e7df88f-a1c2-39c8-a341-807aa544c9d0"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke-on-Trent"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-37633","uid":"adlib-term-37633","uuid":"43c6b916-951a-36c6-a4a7-7342c900a6d7"},"summary_title":"bone china"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"8"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"11"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Lent by Rita Smythe"}],"objects":[{"@link":{"cascade":true,"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"object-239634","uid":"adlib-object-239634","uuid":"488f0f83-7c17-39a1-ae47-16be8dc64e6a"},"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"impact":true,"type":"reference","workflow":true},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}},"summary_title":"vase"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. see also for marks","page":"89","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-3705","uid":"adlib-publication-3705","uuid":"2d5446f2-19e5-3230-8462-346af5efbf36"},"summary_title":"Minton, The First Two Hundred Years of Design and Production"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. see also for marks","page":"60","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7697","uid":"adlib-publication-7697","uuid":"78ab2e7d-b46a-3610-9abd-ab9839494cf3"},"summary_title":"Dictionary of Minton"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}},"summary_title":"vase","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"Bone china, thrown, enamelled and gilded."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120082","uid":"adlib-term-120082","uuid":"ea83ed85-6b07-3e7e-83fc-440cfda22f7e"},"summary_title":"throwing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Cloisonn\u00e9 ware vase (one of pair)"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-239670","_score":16.569086,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592997876000,"created":1574783164000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-239670","indexed":1764266521294,"modified":1764259191000,"processed":1764266516724,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-239670","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/239670","uuid":"2aec0544-896f-351b-8a7f-8bb5aa758b26","version":9},"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42688","uid":"adlib-term-42688","uuid":"4df03958-5ee6-3a50-ada9-491bb6445fdf"},"summary_title":"Art Pottery"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-135778","uid":"adlib-term-135778","uuid":"fd6cee61-305f-35e0-bdd6-94ef6db39d20"},"summary_title":"Smythe"}],"component":[{"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Slip cast cream earthenware decorated underglaze, with clear and coloured glazes."},{"value":"Vase of elongated bulbous shape with flared neck, slip cast in two parts and decorated with oxides, coloured glazes and enamels. Two opposing green-glazed handles, modelled as  curling  foliage, fall from neck to mid-body, attached to the pot at several points. Around the body, a design incorporating naturalistic flowers and foliage changes colour from red-brown at the bottom, rising through mid-green and olive green to red-brown at the neck, all on a cream ground. Underside, within foot-rim, and interior clear glazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.18-2023","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.18-2023"},{"priref":"239670","type":"priref","value":"239670"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/239670","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/239670"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"MINTON across globe with crown over  \/ ENGLAND"}],"location":"underside","method":"printed in brown","transcription":[{"value":"MINTON \/ ENGLAND"}],"type":"mark"},{"location":"undersdie","method":"painted in brown","transcription":[{"value":"15"}],"type":"mark"},{"description":[{"value":"very small"}],"location":"underside","method":"impressed","type":"marks"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Bequeathed by Ian and Rita Smythe, 2023"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-207352","uid":"adlib-agent-207352","uuid":"4292f87c-db99-3802-814a-e72ca4c303af"},"summary_title":"Smythe, Ian and Rita"}],"date":[{"earliest":2023,"latest":2023,"value":"2023"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"old (long loan) number: AAL.17-2018"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1909,"era":["CE"],"latest":1909,"note":[{"value":"possibly 1913"}],"precision":"circa","value":"1909"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"factory"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-153865","uid":"adlib-agent-153865","uuid":"853be336-7cfb-32d1-aa54-fb4dff401cf0"},"summary_title":"Minton & Co."},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"designer"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-173439","uid":"adlib-agent-173439","uuid":"f3bddb68-1b45-33fb-9511-80269e1ef4b1"},"summary_title":"Wadsworth, John"},{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"designer"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-128117","uid":"adlib-agent-128117","uuid":"dfd1b5cd-b0ed-3cf4-9f83-b224d481b71f"},"summary_title":"Solon, L\u00e9on Victor"}],"note":[{"value":"L\u00e9on Victor Solon (1872-1957) joined Minton in 1895, and John Wadsworth (1879-1955) in 1902. From 1903, they led the introduction of Minton \u2018Secessionist Ware\u2019, range of  vases, plates, teapots, jardini\u00e8res and other items featuring Art Nouveau designs applied to new elongated shapes and accentuated by slip-trailing. Solon favoured sinuous figurative and foliate designs, Wadsworth\u2019s tend to be more rationalised and restrained. 'Secessionist Ware' was produced until 1914. This vase may have been designed by Solon, though the decoration is not slip trailed."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109008","uid":"adlib-term-109008","uuid":"841b18bd-944d-3c9c-8d39-bdaabbcc28e1"},"summary_title":"20th Century, Early"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-114724","uid":"adlib-term-114724","uuid":"5a440df3-6de5-387e-a3a2-4c8ae96a9213"},"summary_title":"Edward VII"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110455","uid":"adlib-term-110455","uuid":"5e7df88f-a1c2-39c8-a341-807aa544c9d0"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Staffordshire"}],"summary_title":"Staffordshire","type":"region"}]],"summary_title":"Stoke-on-Trent"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"15.5"},{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"30.3"}]},"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-89480","uid":"adlib-term-89480","uuid":"f1ea518e-351c-3f42-b2a7-db0f8559fa2c"},"summary_title":"vase"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Lent by Rita Smythe"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. 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On one side a finely painted portrait bust of a lady with flowing red hair and fringe, wearing a black velvet feathered cap, a square necked gown and necklace; on the other three butterflies set against the moon; each image encircled by a raised paste gilded band. The sides decorated with delicate raised paste gilded grotesques. The neck and rim covered with a gilded band. 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