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From the mid 1830s, new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares were introduced, and in 1844 the factory was commissioned to produce floor tiles to Pugin\u2019s designs for the new Palace of Wedminster. The 1840s also saw the introduction of dust-pressed tiles, made by pressing powdered clay into a moulding box, building on a process patented by Richard Prosser for making buttons. Dust-pressed tiles dry more quickly and are less likely to warp. Moreover, by introducing dies into the moulding box, a single press can produce relief decoration and a moulded back - a characteristic feature of dust-pressed tiles, which aids  bonding with mortar. In 1845, Herbert Minton took two nephews, Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins, into partnership. In 1868, following a dispute, Hollins left to set up a tile works trading as Minton, Hollins & Co., which continued successfully into 1950s, before merging with Johnson tiles. Mintons also continues to produce tiles."},{"value":"This tile is one of a series of allegorical figures representing The Arts. Three are in the Fitzwilliam Collection: \u2018Sculpture\u2019, \u2018Design\u2019 and \u2018Architecture\u2019, there may also have been others, perhaps including \u2018Music\u2019. The series was also produced in 6 inch tiles. These three tiles may originally have been displayed as plaques or inset as panels into a cabinet or washstand. The series is linked by a unified colour-scheme, similarly drawn and clothed figures and recurring attributes. The allegorical theme and dress are classical, but the setting, pose and bold colours give the tiles a more modern air. Although examples of this design are rare, tile series were popular at the time, with subjects ranging from \u2018agriculture\u2019 to \u2018musical instruments\u2019; another version of Arts and Sciences, designed by John Moyr Smith for Mintons China Works in c.1892, shows more classically posed figures."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108070","uid":"adlib-term-108070","uuid":"7e278258-23e3-3d5b-a4ff-ab5ecacb4bf3"},"summary_title":"19th Century, 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The back of the tile is pressed into coffered squares, unglazed."}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.14-1983","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.14-1983"},{"priref":"15307","type":"priref","value":"15307"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15307","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/15307"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"in spaces of moulded grid pattern"}],"method":"pressed in relief","transcription":[{"value":"MINTON\/HOLLINS,\/& Co;\/PATENT\/TILE\/WORKS\/STOKE ON\/TRENT"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"pressed in relief","transcription":[{"value":"3"}],"type":"mark"},{"method":"painted in dark magenta","transcription":[{"value":"511"}],"type":"mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Purchased with the J.R.V. 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From the mid 1830s, new lines in encaustic and printed tiles, figures and ornamental wares were introduced, and in 1844 the factory was commissioned to produce floor tiles to Pugin\u2019s designs for the new Palace of Wedminster. The 1840s also saw the introduction of dust-pressed tiles, made by pressing powdered clay into a moulding box, building on a process patented by Richard Prosser for making buttons. Dust-pressed tiles dry more quickly and are less likely to warp. Moreover, by introducing dies into the moulding box, a single press can produce relief decoration and a moulded back - a characteristic feature of dust-pressed tiles, which aids  bonding with mortar. In 1845, Herbert Minton took two nephews, Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins, into partnership. In 1868, following a dispute, Hollins left to set up a tile works trading as Minton, Hollins & Co., which continued successfully into 1950s, before merging with Johnson tiles. 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The texture and bright colours of the finished tile echo Minton\u2019s coloured lead-glazed \u2018Majolica wares\u2019, introduced to great acclaim at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Majolica ware tiles were also popular in the latter part of the century, but generally used for wall or fireplace decoration."},{"value":"Tile making increased dramatically in 19th century Britain, encouraged by church building and restoration and by new concerns about public health. 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