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Painted in blue, green, yellow, orange, beige, brown, manganese, black, and a little white high-lighting. Shape 64. Circular with narrow rim, and wide, shallow well.  The Contest between the Muses and the Pierides. The nine daughters of Pierus stand on the right separated by a stream from the Muses, led by Callipte who holds a harp. Above, a group of nymphs, gods and goddesses, including Apollo and Minerva, serve as judges. In the landscape background there are stunted trees on hills, and on the right, a coastline with buildings and distant mountains. The edge is yellow. The back is inscribed in the middle in blue, 'Ausae Cum Musjs Committere proelja\/Voce Victae nunc Volitant jmmitantes\/omnia pjcae\/Fatto jn Urbino in Botega de Mo (o raised)\/Guido da Casteldurante' (Having dared to have contests with the Muses and defeated by voice, they now fly away as magpies imitating everything). 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Orazio Fontana , Guido da Urbino's son, can be excluded because the painting on the front, and the handwriting on the back are far superior to those on a dish decorated with this subject which bore his monogram, which was formerly in the Schlossmuseum, Berlin but was destroyed during World War II.  Bernard Rackham in 1940 considered that it might have been painted by Camillo Fontana, and in 1987 J.V.G. Mallet proposed Camillo Gatti as a likely executant. Another dish decorated with this subject in the same workshop was formerly in the collection at the H\u00f4tel Lambert, Paris, sold at Sotheby's Paris on 11 October 2022. It is inscribed with the subject, the date, 1539, and 'In Botega de Mo Guido\/de CaSteldurati' (In the workshop of Maestro Guido of Casteldurante). See Documentation."},{"value":"The literary souce for the story of Muses and the Pierides was the Roman poet Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book V, 294-678. The nine daughters of Pierus, King of Emathia, overconfident of their musical talent, challenged the Muses to a singing contest.  After all the contestants had performed, the adjudicating nymphs declared the Muses the winners. The Pierides unwisely clamoured against their decision, and as punishment for their presumption and rudeness were transformed into chattering magpies."},{"value":"The source of the design was an engraving by G.G. Caraglio after 'The Contest between the Muses and the Pierides' by Rosso Fiorentino (1494-1540), probably the painting now in the Louvre in Paris (inv. 595: MR 69 dated to c. 1523-27. The inscription on the back of the dish was taken from the bottom of the print where it appears in capitals, AUSAE CUM MUSIS COMMITTERE PROELIA VOCE VICTAE NUNC VOLITANT IMMITANTES OMNIA PICAE. This was a popular subject on maiolica but few pieces decorated with the whole scene have survived."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110475","uid":"adlib-term-110475","uuid":"223ae6a7-2f91-3314-ae3c-da3233ae47dc"},"summary_title":"16th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110708","uid":"adlib-term-110708","uuid":"ef038505-1555-3c61-b6e2-cadcedf6c42a"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Italy"}],"summary_title":"Italy","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Urbino"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"metallic oxide colours"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}},{"note":[{"value":"pale 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Reitlinger"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"blue, green, and yellow"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]},{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}}],"name":"Exterior","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}}]},{"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-39575","uid":"adlib-term-39575","uuid":"cdf6707a-1eeb-3622-a26b-6e54f1f8d4ab"},"summary_title":"tin-glaze"}}],"name":"Interior","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"Red earthenware, the interior lead-glazed; the exterior tin-glazed, but applied thinly on the back and appearing pinkish-grey in places. Painted in blue, green, and yellow."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}}]},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"15.5"}]},"name":"Base"},{"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","units":"cm","value":"15.8"}]},"name":"Rim"}],"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Renaissance maiolica two-handled pharmacy jar, painted in blue, green and yellow with, on the front, a woman in a landscape surrounded by grotesques."},{"value":"Red earthenware, the interior lead-glazed; the exterior tin-glazed, but applied thinly on the back and appearing pinkish-grey in places. Painted in blue, green, and yellow.\nAlbarello with straight sides, sloping shoulders, a short neck with a groove below the projecting rim and two handles, each composed of three rolls of clay pressed together, with upturned terminals.\nThe front is decorated with a circular medallion containing a woman standing in a landscape with trees and buildings. She rests her right hand on a shield, and holds a spear in her left. The medallion is surrounded by symmetrical grotesques, including dolphins, flaming torches and foliated scrolls, reserved in a rectangular blue panel. A wide label with pairs of blue horizontal bands above and below, encircles the lower part of the jar. The front is inscribed in blue. Below, and on the shoulder at the front, there are foliated scrolls painted in blue alla porcellana. The handles and rim are green."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"25","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-2376","uid":"adlib-exhibition-2376","uuid":"3e2208a0-ad25-3b64-b03f-cb63aa00fd02"},"summary_title":"Treasured Possessions from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.185-1991","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.185-1991"},{"priref":"48315","type":"priref","value":"48315"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/48315","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/48315"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"square"}],"method":"inscribed in pencil","transcription":[{"value":"204"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"H.S. Reitlinger Bequest, 1950; transferred from the Reitlinger Trust, 1991"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-150552","uid":"adlib-agent-150552","uuid":"566a6fcb-b8cd-3926-9bbf-78d0c4a5cc81"},"summary_title":"Reitlinger, Henry Scipio"}],"date":[{"earliest":1991,"latest":1991,"value":"1991-04-29"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1991-04-29"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1510,"from":{"earliest":1510,"era":["CE"],"latest":1510,"precision":"circa","value":"1510"},"latest":1530,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1530,"era":["CE"],"latest":1530,"value":"1530"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"probably","role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149652","uid":"adlib-agent-149652","uuid":"0d4f90dc-b166-3d4b-b0db-25f4118b6e98"},"summary_title":"Unknown"}],"note":[{"value":"The jar was one of a set of pharmacy jars of which nine other examples are known, each with a different contents  label. The inscription on this jar 'SLI RoI P stands for the Latin, salvia ridotto praeparatio (reduced sage preparation)."},{"value":"This pharmacy jar was attributed to Faenza in the unpublished third volume of the Pringsheim collection, and to Castel Durante in the Catalogue of the Pringsheim Sale, but the red fabric and bluish-green handles and rim suggest a Tuscan origin. In 1987 Wilson tentatively attributed the British Museum's jar to Montelupo, citing for comparison the grotesques on a jug which was excavated there. Luccarelli has attributed the two in the Museo Civico, Massa Marittima, to Siena, where grotesques were a prominent feature of frescos and tile pavements.  The panel on the front of the Fitzwilliam's jar seems to support Luccarelli's view, for both figure and landscape are similar in style to a series of late fifteenth-century panels representing famous men and women attributed to the Master of Griselda with Neroccio de' Landi (1447-1500) or Signorelli (active 1470-1523). The pavilion and trees in particu\u00aclar are reminiscent of those in the back\u00acground of Alexander the Great in the Barber Institute, Birmingham.  Other features of the jar support a Siena attri\u00acbu\u00action. The form could have evolved from the large relief-blue albarelli bearing the emblem of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena, although it is not certain that they were made there. A Siena or Siena area also seems to be supported by a Sienese floor tile with a comparable figure on the front. 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