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Painted in blue, green, yellow, orange, beige, brown, manganese, black, and a little white high-lighting. Shape 64. Circular with narrow rim, and wide, shallow well.  The Contest between the Muses and the Pierides. The nine daughters of Pierus stand on the right separated by a stream from the Muses, led by Callipte who holds a harp. Above, a group of nymphs, gods and goddesses, including Apollo and Minerva, serve as judges. In the landscape background there are stunted trees on hills, and on the right, a coastline with buildings and distant mountains. The edge is yellow. The back is inscribed in the middle in blue, 'Ausae Cum Musjs Committere proelja\/Voce Victae nunc Volitant jmmitantes\/omnia pjcae\/Fatto jn Urbino in Botega de Mo (o raised)\/Guido da Casteldurante' (Having dared to have contests with the Muses and defeated by voice, they now fly away as magpies imitating everything). 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Orazio Fontana , Guido da Urbino's son, can be excluded because the painting on the front, and the handwriting on the back are far superior to those on a dish decorated with this subject which bore his monogram, which was formerly in the Schlossmuseum, Berlin but was destroyed during World War II.  Bernard Rackham in 1940 considered that it might have been painted by Camillo Fontana, and in 1987 J.V.G. Mallet proposed Camillo Gatti as a likely executant. Another dish decorated with this subject in the same workshop was formerly in the collection at the H\u00f4tel Lambert, Paris, sold at Sotheby's Paris on 11 October 2022. It is inscribed with the subject, the date, 1539, and 'In Botega de Mo Guido\/de CaSteldurati' (In the workshop of Maestro Guido of Casteldurante). See Documentation."},{"value":"The literary souce for the story of Muses and the Pierides was the Roman poet Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book V, 294-678. The nine daughters of Pierus, King of Emathia, overconfident of their musical talent, challenged the Muses to a singing contest.  After all the contestants had performed, the adjudicating nymphs declared the Muses the winners. The Pierides unwisely clamoured against their decision, and as punishment for their presumption and rudeness were transformed into chattering magpies."},{"value":"The source of the design was an engraving by G.G. Caraglio after 'The Contest between the Muses and the Pierides' by Rosso Fiorentino (1494-1540), probably the painting now in the Louvre in Paris (inv. 595: MR 69 dated to c. 1523-27. The inscription on the back of the dish was taken from the bottom of the print where it appears in capitals, AUSAE CUM MUSIS COMMITTERE PROELIA VOCE VICTAE NUNC VOLITANT IMMITANTES OMNIA PICAE. This was a popular subject on maiolica but few pieces decorated with the whole scene have survived."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110475","uid":"adlib-term-110475","uuid":"223ae6a7-2f91-3314-ae3c-da3233ae47dc"},"summary_title":"16th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110708","uid":"adlib-term-110708","uuid":"ef038505-1555-3c61-b6e2-cadcedf6c42a"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Italy"}],"summary_title":"Italy","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Urbino"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"metallic oxide colours"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}},{"note":[{"value":"pale 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Clarke for the Fitzwilliam."}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Probably mentioned","page":"311-2","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2998","uid":"adlib-publication-2998","uuid":"443b0248-5e0b-36b0-8ca6-acdca5c52888"},"summary_title":"Histoire de la c\u00e9ramique: \u00c9tude descriptive et raisonn\u00e9e des poteries de tous les temps et de tous les peuples"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. No. 838, illustrated pl. XXVI","page":"104-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2999","uid":"adlib-publication-2999","uuid":"4e269c8d-631e-34c3-a9a4-23c5962ea0ab"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Collection of Pottery and Porcelain in the Possession of Mr Otto Beit"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. 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Not cited by Poole, 1995 under no. 404. The painting by Rosso Fiorentino of c. 1520, is illustrated. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, inv. 595: MR 69, date given c. 1523-27.","page":"44-5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8903","uid":"adlib-publication-8903","uuid":"91451c3e-4e14-3fbe-97c5-6d227ba39ad5"},"summary_title":"H\u00f4tel Lambert, Une Collection Princi\u00e8re, Volume I : Chefs- d\u2019oeuvre"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10618","uid":"adlib-term-10618","uuid":"9ebc0ae1-8cf8-312b-832c-9cf44da02136"},"summary_title":"Renaissance"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108520","uid":"adlib-term-108520","uuid":"3d03db93-5ad2-382d-a3fd-74714dff5549"},"summary_title":"harp"},{"@link":{"relation":"plant","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-58471","uid":"adlib-term-58471","uuid":"ce00216e-da4e-37b3-974c-c2b6377d6c19"},"summary_title":"tree"},{"@link":{"relation":"activity","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23596","uid":"adlib-term-23596","uuid":"f5fe6ab7-fea6-31d5-8f77-1ad5f40613cc"},"summary_title":"music"},{"@link":{"relation":"place type","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106275","uid":"adlib-term-106275","uuid":"a1bd9046-a422-36ac-a493-60fa7c7f7e91"},"summary_title":"landscape"},{"@link":{"relation":"named event","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-110709","uid":"adlib-term-110709","uuid":"ce9cc434-0950-3a3c-8f0a-f7229163c004"},"summary_title":"Contest between the Muses and Pierides"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"harp"}],"summary_title":"harp"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"tree"}],"summary_title":"tree"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"music"}],"summary_title":"music"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"landscape"}],"summary_title":"landscape"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"Contest between the Muses and Pierides"}],"summary_title":"Contest between the Muses and Pierides"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-90855","uid":"adlib-term-90855","uuid":"b48207ec-774d-3e3e-8ab3-536996bc5dac"},"summary_title":"dish"}},"summary_title":"dish","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"pale buff earthenware, tin-glazed on both sides; the glaze on the reverse is pale beige and speckled. Painted in blue, green, yellow, orange, beige, brown, manganese, black, and a little white high-lighting."}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-111179","uid":"adlib-term-111179","uuid":"be5c887b-c0ed-3d89-82b2-c3a870e72a68"},"summary_title":"moulding"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120059","uid":"adlib-term-120059","uuid":"dfa315b5-819d-37ab-ab22-bddfdbb3cbe7"},"summary_title":"tin-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"The Contest between the Muses and the Pierides"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-75499","_score":19.867622,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592999663000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-75499","indexed":1747246354652,"modified":1714469793000,"processed":1747245848890,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-75499","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75499","uuid":"b9961a42-6b21-3a89-840f-34ab649deb53","version":11},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160404","uid":"adlib-agent-160404","uuid":"28ac1b0a-7803-3f10-a14a-7c9b61a3f950"},"summary_title":"Cocles, Horatius"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160403","uid":"adlib-agent-160403","uuid":"cc746505-8309-3886-80b1-28da3bfed339"},"summary_title":"Etruscans"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108348","uid":"adlib-term-108348","uuid":"667e7a19-db33-3d85-bd9b-c2dafd8e02ff"},"summary_title":"tin-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42865","uid":"adlib-term-42865","uuid":"92be1d50-bb1c-3472-950f-b140ee6cdde9"},"summary_title":"maiolica"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"metallic oxides producing blue, green, yellow, orange, stone, brown, manganese-purple, black, grey, and white"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109546","uid":"adlib-term-109546","uuid":"b51de94f-8382-3b95-905a-0ff3f4165fc8"},"summary_title":"Roman history"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"Maiolica dish, painted in polychrome with Horatius Cocles holding the Bridge against the Etruscans."},{"value":"Buff earthenware, tin-glazed overall; the reverse is pale beige and has crawled near the lower edge. Painted in blue, green, yellow, orange, stone, brown, manganese-purple, black, grey, and white.\nShape 64, with three faint concentric grooves under the edge. Circular with a narrow rim and wide flat centre; the base uneven.\nHoratius Cocles holding the Bridge against the Etruscans. On the right, three men are breaking down the bridge with picks. In the middle, Horatius, mounted on a rearing charger, brandishes his sword at a group of ten attackers. Below the bridge, there is another mounted Roman, whose horse's rump has been pierced by an arrow fired by a bowman on the left. Both he and Horatius bear shields charged with the arms per fess argent and azure the base of a column proper. In the foreground there are rocks, a broken-down fence and the river Tiber; in the background to left, the tents of the Etruscan camp, and to right, Rome and distant mountains. The rim is yellow. The back is inscribed in the middle, in dark blue: '.M.D.XXXVIII.\/Vedi su'l pontei trepido, e, feroce\/Oratio sol cotra Thoscana tutta\/Che ne ferro, e, ne fuoco a vertu nuoce.\/.Xato.' (Behold on the bridge the intrepid, and, fierce Horatius alone against all the Etruscans Who neither with iron nor fire harm his valour. .Xanto.)  A narrow black band and a wider yellow band encircle the edge."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.55-1927","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.55-1927"},{"priref":"75499","type":"priref","value":"75499"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75499","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/75499"}],"inscription":[{"description":[{"value":"circular museum label"}],"method":"inscribed in ink","transcription":[{"value":"M 76"}],"type":"label"},{"description":[{"value":"circular"}],"method":"inscribed in ink","transcription":[{"value":"244\/az"}],"type":"label"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"F. Leverton Harris Bequest, 1926"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-157197","uid":"adlib-agent-157197","uuid":"ab234587-3b80-398a-9715-ce74f88dbb64"},"summary_title":"Harris, F. Leverton, The Right Hon."}],"date":[{"earliest":1927,"latest":1927,"value":"1927"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"}}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1538,"era":["CE"],"latest":1538,"note":[{"value":"dated"}],"value":"1538"}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"painter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-5335","uid":"adlib-agent-5335","uuid":"abbd62ad-dff5-32f6-8881-6cc828e21322"},"summary_title":"Avelli, Francesco Xanto"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"after","role":[{"value":"printmaker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-35821","uid":"adlib-agent-35821","uuid":"7864b6fe-8b62-333d-b6ff-dcc5decb8942"},"summary_title":"Dente, Marco (Marco da Ravenna)"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"after","role":[{"value":"printmaker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-112340","uid":"adlib-agent-112340","uuid":"a9104dd3-daf9-32ba-b083-c074b588b652"},"summary_title":"Raimondi, Marcantonio"}],"note":[{"value":"None of these sources indicate that Horatius fought on horseback, so the representation on the dish is artistic license on Xanto's part. Horatio is also shown on horseback on a dish inscribed with the same line from Petrarch, and dated 1541, in the Palazzo di Venezia, Rome. As was his usual habit, Xanto created the scene partly by drawing the figures from several different printed sources: the 'Abduction of Helen',  engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi after Raphael; 'I Modi' engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi; the' Battle of the Romans and Carthaginians' by Marco Dente (?) after Raphael or Giulio Romano; the 'Battle with a Cutlass' by Marco Dente (?) 'and, possibly, the 'Slaying of Cerberus' by G.G. Caraglio after Rosso Fiorentino, and 'St George and the Dragon' by Master I.B. with Bird. The city in the background features anachronistically two obelisks, which Xanto incorporated into other scenes to indicate a location in Rome or elsewhere in the Ancient World. 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