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The glaze has many brown speckles. The back of the bust below the shoulders is open, and the marks of paring away of the clay to make the wall thinner are visible. The narrow base has a large circular hole to facilitate its attachment to a socle. A small shallow fragment from another object has adhered to the underside of the right shoulder. The King faces front with his head turned three-quarters to his left. He has a long curling wig, and wears a shirt and neckcloth under armour, the breastplate of which is ornamented with scrolls and foliage. Over his left shoulder plate is the Star of the Order of the Garter, partly concealed by a cloak which is drawn in folds around his shoulders, and is held together above the Order by an oval cabochon brooch. The circular black marble socle is associated."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"B6","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1070","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1070","uuid":"2cb713dc-899f-35df-9c15-515a05f38d48"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.7-1951","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.7-1951"},{"priref":"39296","type":"priref","value":"39296"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/39296","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/39296"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on base","method":"incised","transcription":[{"value":"8"}],"type":"factory mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Bequeathed by R.F. 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The Fitzwilliam's bust  lacks both the socle found with some examples, and the rococo style wall bracket to support it, which is more rare. Their attribution is contentious. Since the 19th century they been variously attributed to Chelsea, Plymouth. Bow, Worcester, Chaffers Liverpool, and most recently Vauxhall. On accession this bust was attributed to Chelsea, although its glaze is unlike Chelsea porcelain. It was reattributed to Richard Chaffers' Factory, Liverpool, by Dr Bernard Watney in 1968. This reattribution rested on spectrographic analysis of two examples respectively in the British Museum and in Dr Watney's collection. These showed that the body contained soapstone (steatite), which suggested Liverpool as a possible place of manufacture. Worcester porcelain is also steatitic, but as that factory made very few figures the bust is unlikely to have been made there. More recently the Vauxhall factory which also made steatitic soft-paste, has been adopted as an alternative.  Accepting any of these three attributions would place the busts' date of manufacture in the late 1740s or 1750s, as it seems unlikely that they were made after the King's death.  Analysis of early products of the Bow factory have indicated that some of them contained steatite, and that therefore this bust might equally have been made by the Bow factory before its establishment in the New Canton factory in Essex. This would place its date in the mid 1740s when the King was popular after his participation in the Battle of Dettingen in 1743 and the defeat of the Stuart Rebellion of 1745-6. The two most recent publications on the busts, Bimson, 2011, and Daniels and Ramsay, 2013 weigh these possibilities, and give the current locations of the recorded examples."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106451","uid":"adlib-term-106451","uuid":"9cdfd62c-ee07-3884-ae08-c797aad08631"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Mid"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107736","uid":"adlib-term-107736","uuid":"e93a8dd1-d76d-320b-be9b-afa352e322a1"},"summary_title":"George 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An example painted with oil colours and gilding, p. 36, II. 33, then attributed to Chelsea.","page":"36","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2716","uid":"adlib-publication-2716","uuid":"1839e893-0fd8-312e-9443-9e7bccf27506"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Collection of English Porcelain in the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities and Ethnography of the British Museum"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Figure 10, and pl. 4, a white example with porcelain socle, formerly in the Arthur Hurst Collection (sold Sotheby's, 28 November 1940, lot 41), then attributed to Chelsea.","page":"17","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2614","uid":"adlib-publication-2614","uuid":"bd0c2e2e-8e28-3664-bf00-fe50da012352"},"summary_title":"Chelsea and other English Porcelain, Pottery and Enamel in the Irwin Untermyer Collection"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. An example from Temple Newsam House, Leeds, p. 253, O26 an socle for the bust in the Victoria and Albert Museum, p. 254, no. 0 27.","page":"253-4","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2341","uid":"adlib-publication-2341","uuid":"9f995346-7a8d-3fd8-910c-b973dd37873b"},"summary_title":"Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth's England"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 34, no. 126, and pl. 11, a white example with a porcelain socle. This bust had been attributed to Plymouth by Lady Charlotte, and was attributed to Chelsea by Rackham.","page":"34","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1013","uid":"adlib-publication-1013","uuid":"e6774d16-9d42-373b-a20c-90a966447f48"},"summary_title":"Victoria and Albert Museum Department of Ceramics, Catalogue of English Porcelain, Earthenware, Enamels and Glass collected by Charles Schreiber Esq., M.P.,  and the Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Schreiber, and presented to the Museum in 1884, Volume I, Porcelain"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2632","uid":"adlib-publication-2632","uuid":"64a355ff-02a0-3871-9dfd-748c4a3c6691"},"summary_title":"English Enamels and British and Irish Ceramics"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. Lot 446, another on a black wooden pedestal. H. 34 cm. Estimate \u00a310-15,000; fetched \u00a335,200. Formerly sold at Sotheby's on 29 May 1956, lot 114 (\u00a31,150 to Tilley).","page":"p. 225","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2581","uid":"adlib-publication-2581","uuid":"1028337b-2c06-329b-ac8e-30af68e34013"},"summary_title":"Ceramics from the Rous Lench Collection including British Pottery and Porcelain, Dutch Delft . . ."},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. For a discussion of the possible attribution and date of this bust, and the locations of the sixteen examples. The author sites Errol Manners' discovery of a bust listed as 'a large bust of George the IId and bracket' among the 'China in Store Room' on the second day of the 1775 sale held at Holland House - the earliest reference to one (no other large busts of George II in porcelain are known). The author concludes that without further evidence about the sculptor, a commission o other documentary evidence it is not possible to give a conclusive attribution.","page":"549-54","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002797","uid":"adlib-publication-200002797","uuid":"7a463f94-f7f8-3fe2-9508-6531bf08a991"},"summary_title":"A Porcelain Bust of George II"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 141, pl. 32 the soft-paste porcelain bust of George II in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, attributed to Vauxhall, c. 1760, and pl. 33 an example in a private collection, also attributed to Vauxhall and dated c. 1760. Cf. also p. 142, pl. 34, the bust of George II with its socle and bracket in Leeds City Art Galleries. H. 39.0 cm. Cf. p. 139, an ivory bust of George II by Johann Christian Friedrich L\u00fccke, c. 1760. H. 18.7 cm. V&A, and pl. 35 a plaster bust of George II in armour with draped shoulder,  attibuted to Louis Fran\u00e7ois Roubilac. H. 57.5 cm, which has very different treatment of the curling wig. Private collection. The author discusses and rejects the possiblity that either L\u00fccke or Roubiliac was responsible for the model for the porcelain bust, which he dates towards the end of the king's life.","page":"123-46","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200002922","uid":"adlib-publication-200002922","uuid":"c941949f-9a8c-388b-b5d9-46e538ce1d51"},"summary_title":"Some Baroque sources of English ornamental porcelains"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 54, no. D\/R 2013 - 16. For the other busts see pp. 32-58. The authors give historical and scientific reasons for attributing the busts to Bow rather than Liverpool or Vauxhall, and discuss earlier attributions.","page":"54","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7633","uid":"adlib-publication-7633","uuid":"ee051b51-e1bf-3287-82b8-361db9ccff47"},"summary_title":"The George II Busts and Historic Wall Brackets"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2348","uid":"adlib-publication-2348","uuid":"af161f90-7d29-335e-95e9-1685bb70b1e0"},"summary_title":"Alumni cantabrigienses: a biographical list of all known students, graduates and holders of office at the University of Cambridge, from the earliest times to 1900"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-9010","uid":"adlib-term-9010","uuid":"ecd03def-5d2a-3b43-bb92-76be16fbabf6"},"summary_title":"Rococo"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23035","uid":"adlib-term-23035","uuid":"f9693b6b-2e4a-3666-acf8-973403f65fce"},"summary_title":"bust"}},"summary_title":"bust","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"soft-paste porcelain (probably steatitic), press-moulded, and coated inside and outside with very pale greyish-blue lead-glaze, which has bubbled, particularly on the shoulders, and, here and there, where these have burst, small craters. The glaze also has many brown speckles. The back of the bust below the shoulders is open, and the narrow base has a large circular hole to facilitate its attachment to a socle. 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The square base has scrolled and pierced edges, and is supported on three scroll feet at the back, and two at the front. Its underside is glazed except for the feet. On the top there is a tree with six branches bearing applied leaves and flowers of the various colours, and has at the top a drip pan formed by six leaves, and candle-socket in the form of a flower with a calyx. The underside of the drip pan is green overall, and the rim of the nozzle has a circle of dark blue spots and a dark blue edge. At the back a branch curves down to the base to form a handle and has a horizontal purple pansy at the top to serve as a thumbpiece.  In front of the tree on the viewer's right stands a stork with grey plumage and a yellow beak and legs, looking down at a reddish-brown fox, who stands over a spray of flowers on the left, and is about to eat from a plate which is dotted with pink and yellow to represent food. The scrolls round the edge are picked out in purplish-pink."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"I13","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1070","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1070","uuid":"2cb713dc-899f-35df-9c15-515a05f38d48"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? 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European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.1811-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.1811-1928"},{"priref":"72673","type":"priref","value":"72673"},{"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928"}],"source":"Dr Glaisher MS Catalogue, vol. 35","type":"old object number","value":"5022"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72673","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/72673"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928-12-07"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"the Glaisher collection of ceramics was entered in the accession register as one item with the date of Dr Glaisher's death"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1600,"from":{"earliest":1600,"era":["CE"],"latest":1600,"precision":"circa","value":"1600"},"latest":1630,"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1630,"era":["CE"],"latest":1630,"value":"1630"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"possibly","role":[{"value":"production"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-159932","uid":"adlib-agent-159932","uuid":"8e09fac5-9ce5-3a1f-8d07-45f48dec536a"},"summary_title":"uncertain"}],"note":[{"value":"When purchased by Dr J.W.L. Glaisher the figure was described as 'a rare Palissy figure of a female Saint'. It is now considered to have been made after his death by potters working near Fontainebleau, in Paris, or possibly in Rouen. The figure holds a book which was an attribute of St Catherine of Alexandria,  and could have held a martyrs palm in the other hand, but it is also reminiscent of the representation of Religion on p. 456 of the illustrated edition of Cesare Ripa's 'Iconologia' published in Rome in 1603, although it holds a book in its left hand instead of flames signifying devotion."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106607","uid":"adlib-term-106607","uuid":"61babb74-f8fd-3e53-abf6-c2c2f5dd351b"},"summary_title":"17th Century, Early"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106873","uid":"adlib-term-106873","uuid":"1260f1ad-9765-3886-9b5d-30a3aee24056"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"note":[{"value":"possibly a pottery situated near"}],"summary_title":"Fontainebleau"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-129470","uid":"adlib-term-129470","uuid":"8353db27-fba9-33c1-94a1-f268fd2a2d21"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"France"}],"summary_title":"France","type":"country"}]],"note":[{"value":"possibly a pottery in Sant-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s or in the grounds of the Palais des Tuileries"}],"summary_title":"Paris"}]}]},"materials":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"21.7"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-38032","uid":"adlib-media-38032","uuid":"c420f7aa-e433-344d-972d-19c6e42bcb3c"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/C_1811_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616276494721,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/mid_C_1811_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616276494721,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/C_1811_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616276494721,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/preview_C_1811_1928_281_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616276494721,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-38033","uid":"adlib-media-38033","uuid":"93ce8f16-062b-3ad0-b95b-2e550c5403fb"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/C_1811_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616267076619,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/mid_C_1811_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1616267076619,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/C_1811_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1616267076619,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa11\/preview_C_1811_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1616267076619,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Prince Pierre Soltykoff ; sold Paris, H\u00f4tel Drouot, (Roussel, Caran and Juste) 8 April - 1 May, 1861, Objets d'art et de haute curiosit\u00e9 composant la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre collection de Prince Soltykoff, lot 635. Dr Hugh Playfair, 7 Upper Brook Street, London; sold Sotheby's, 4 May 1928, Pottery, Porcelain and Glass, Pictures and Furniture, lot 42; purchased for \u00a327 by Mr Rochelle Thomas for Dr J.W.L. Glaisher, Trinity College, Cambridge"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-7383","uid":"adlib-publication-7383","uuid":"e491e2d0-f571-39fe-bbf4-fab1cd5cceb2"},"summary_title":"Catalogue des objets d'art et de haute curiosit\u00e9 composant le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre collection du Prince Pierre Soltykov, 8 April-1 May 1861"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Vol. I, p. 228, no. 1811 and pl. XVII","page":"228","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1031","uid":"adlib-publication-1031","uuid":"a5cc6cb3-2b6f-390a-af51-7e9d123e55ed"},"summary_title":"Catalogue of the Glaisher Collection of Pottery and Porcelain in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge"},{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. p. 12, A6","page":"12","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-992","uid":"adlib-publication-992","uuid":"e26b9de8-5607-3d6e-82c1-bba7d8cb57c4"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 63-71. On p. 66, mentions Jean H\u00e9roard's record in his 'Journal' of the child Louis XIII playing with figures made in a pottery near the ch\u00e2teau of Fontainebleau.  pp. 66-7, discusses a pottery in Saint-German-de-Pr\u00e9s, Paris, owned by Daniel and Agg\u00e9e Cattier, for which an inventory on decease of Daniel Cattier in 1642 mentions figures of various animals. pp. 67-8  discusses the potter Antoine Clarissy who arrived in Paris in 1612, living first in a house belonging to the Feuillant order in the faubourg Saint-Honor\u00e9. About 1616 he was granted a lodging in the Palais des Tuileries and his workshop was probably in its grounds.  In 1623 a grant of a place in the corn market to sell his wares mentioned 'vazes, figures et autres ouvrages de terre sigil\u00e9e'.","page":"63-71","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003221","uid":"adlib-publication-200003221","uuid":"a02f7883-d087-34f5-bde0-eeda20670791"},"summary_title":"Sur les traces des producteurs de c\u00e9ramiques \u00e0 gla\u00e7ure plombif\u00e8re et \u00e0 d\u00e9cor moul\u00e9 des r\u00e8gnes de Henri IV et de Louis XIII"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-8921","uid":"adlib-publication-8921","uuid":"de385caf-2ef6-3dd0-a7d4-bab120221721"},"summary_title":"Journal de Jean H\u00e9roard"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10604","uid":"adlib-term-10604","uuid":"1e7fbf60-43c9-3c5a-852a-c014514e9f77"},"summary_title":"Mannerist"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-102154","uid":"adlib-term-102154","uuid":"153b3801-39e3-3b0d-9db7-da6c97b65a46"},"summary_title":"book"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"book"}],"summary_title":"book"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}},"summary_title":"figure","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"buff earthenware, moulded, and decorated with clear, and translucent blue, yellow, and manganese glazes"}],"note":[{"value":"in parts"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-111179","uid":"adlib-term-111179","uuid":"be5c887b-c0ed-3d89-82b2-c3a870e72a68"},"summary_title":"moulding"}}],"title":[{"value":"Faith or Religion"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}},{"_index":"ciim","_type":"data","_id":"adlib-object-80698","_score":13.346158,"_source":{"admin":{"added":1592996700000,"created":1312637261000,"flag":"Standard Record","id":"object-80698","indexed":1752602698825,"modified":1709121675000,"processed":1752602690710,"source":"adlib","stream":"fitz-online","uid":"adlib-object-80698","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/80698","uuid":"547d1ea1-b693-32d3-948b-1b0b1ddebf32","version":13},"agents":[{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149649","uid":"adlib-agent-149649","uuid":"94539a8b-dbbb-3f21-8501-c4bf2d8b0190"},"summary_title":"St Joseph"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-154123","uid":"adlib-agent-154123","uuid":"2fef3fa1-e550-35f4-b4de-2ced0eb2272a"},"summary_title":"Virgin Mary"},{"@link":{"relation":"person","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149696","uid":"adlib-agent-149696","uuid":"c1d7b5bf-63d4-3ba4-a080-9810b80bf16c"},"summary_title":"Christ"}],"categories":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108348","uid":"adlib-term-108348","uuid":"667e7a19-db33-3d85-bd9b-c2dafd8e02ff"},"summary_title":"tin-glazed earthenware"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42865","uid":"adlib-term-42865","uuid":"92be1d50-bb1c-3472-950f-b140ee6cdde9"},"summary_title":"maiolica"}],"collection":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-113184","uid":"adlib-term-113184","uuid":"25fc548d-d02f-39a6-a34f-d609393a0043"},"summary_title":"J. W. L. Glaisher"}],"component":[{"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"dark blue, green, yellow, brownish-orange, and manganese-purple"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108364","uid":"adlib-term-108364","uuid":"115b8729-a560-35c1-b654-4b9d2fc5f68b"},"summary_title":"high-temperature colours"}}],"name":"Decoration","techniques":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106226","uid":"adlib-term-106226","uuid":"194567f2-2bcd-3446-ae31-652386611815"},"summary_title":"painting"}}]},{"name":"Figures","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"dark buff earthenware, tin-glazed on the upper surfaces; base streaked with glaze. Painted in dark blue, green, yellow, brownish-orange, and manganese-purple high-temperature (metallic oxide) colours"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-111179","uid":"adlib-term-111179","uuid":"be5c887b-c0ed-3d89-82b2-c3a870e72a68"},"summary_title":"moulding"}}]}],"content":{"motifs":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-23385","uid":"adlib-term-23385","uuid":"4c17df77-7d4e-32bf-8ec9-921b71d218a2"},"summary_title":"religion"}]},"department":{"value":"Applied Arts"},"description":[{"value":"maiolica inkstand with a three-dimensional Nativity group at the back, and an inkwell and candlesocket on either side"},{"value":"Dark buff earthenware, tin-glazed on the upper surfaces; base streaked with glaze. Painted in dark blue, green, yellow, brownish-orange, and manganese-purple. Modelled in the form of a shallow tray with a Nativity group in the round at the back, a cylindrical inkwell on the right, and a smaller cylindrical candle socket (incorrectly restored) on the left. The Virgin Mary and St Joseph kneel on either side of a wattle stall occupied by an ox and an ass. The infant Christ lies on a wavy-edged cloth between them. In front of the figures is a space for pens, enclosed by a low wall, decorated on the exterior with strapwork."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"A2","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1070","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1070","uuid":"2cb713dc-899f-35df-9c15-515a05f38d48"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"no catalogue","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1605","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1605","uuid":"04d3c358-0bef-3d8f-8df5-14f16987ac1b"},"summary_title":"Italian Maiolica in the Fitzwilliam Museum"},{"@link":{"catalogue":"Plate 20","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-2806","uid":"adlib-exhibition-2806","uuid":"6e1b65bf-b6bc-3f65-8be7-5ea2aab18496"},"summary_title":"Madonnas and Miracles. The Holy Home in Renaissance Italy"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.2179-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.2179-1928"},{"priref":"80698","type":"priref","value":"80698"},{"source":"Glaisher MS Catalogue, vol. 9","type":"old object number","value":"3106"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/80698","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/80698"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928-12-07"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"the Glaisher ceramic collection was entered in the accession register as one item with the date of Dr Glaisher's death"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1509,"from":{"earliest":1509,"era":["CE"],"latest":1509,"precision":"circa","value":"1509"},"latest":1516,"note":[{"value":"this date range is based on dated inkstands with comparable figures and animals"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1516,"era":["CE"],"latest":1516,"value":"1516"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"qualifier":"attributed to","role":[{"value":"maker"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-160569","uid":"adlib-agent-160569","uuid":"f0277f0d-4a41-367d-aa6d-7b9f0c608226"},"summary_title":"Giovanni di Nicola di Manzoni of Colle"}],"note":[{"value":"Label text from the exhibition \u2018Madonnas and Miracles: The Holy Home in Renaissance Italy\u2019, on display at The Fitzwilliam Museum from 7 March until 4 June 2017: A household object such as this inkstand allowed its owner to recall the Holy Family while writing or doing accounts. In the colourful rustic scene, watched by Joseph and the animals, Mary adores the baby Jesus, who lies naked and motionless on a cloth like a corpse, as if to foretell his eventual death."},{"value":"Maiolica inkstands with three-dimensional figures were the ceramic equivalents of the bronze candle- and inkstands made by fifteenth-century sculptors such as Riccio. They enjoyed a fairly short period of popularity from probably about 1490 to between 1510 and 1515, and then seem to have been less fashionable until about 1570. This example is very close in appearance to three others in private collections, one of which is dated 1516. The iconography differs in several respects, but the figures and animals are modelled in the same simple style, and they all have a flat base, and at the front, a low wall. The figures and animals are comparable to those on fifteen more elaborate inkstands which have curved double-walled bases with inscriptions round the sides, and are raised on three lion, or hound supports. For a list and illustrations of these, and the examples with flat bases, see Documentation, Wilson and Sani, 2007."},{"value":"This inkstand was formerly attributed doubtfully to Faenza, but has been reattributed to Colle Val d'Elsa on the basis of the inscriptions on some of the other inkwells, in which the maker described himself as IOHANES NICHOLAI DEMANZONIBVS DECOLLE or GIOVANNI ACOLLE, and the discovery of a manuscript which confirms that the Manzoni family had a pottery at Colle Val d'Elsa (Siena), and concerns its sale in 1530. See Wilson and Sani, 2007, for an extract from the notarial document.  It therefore seems possible that similar inkstands without inscriptions and the three-dimensional model (C.2180-1928) were made there though possibly not all in the same workshop. This inkstand has had the inkpot on the right incorrectly restored. On other examples the pot is not cylindrical, but of a bulbous from. 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It has shoulder-length wavy hair with a lock falling over its forehead. Its wings project behind it, from either side of a circular hole in its back. It wears a gown with a collar and cross bands; over its left shoulder it has a cloak, draped across in front and looped up below its right hip; over its right shoulder there is a narrow drape which falls down in front and is held up to the pedestal in its right hand. The base is narrow and irregularly shaped. The face, hands and feet are pinkish-buff; the gown is blue with a white collar and yellow cross-bands; the right sleeve is white at the bottom and has a green lining; the cloak is yellow with a purple lining. The hair, wings, pedestal and vase are white. 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The shallow, straight-sided rectangular base is hollow underneath, and is painted in blue, pale red, brown, grey and black to resemble marble. Demosthenes stands on his left leg with his right advanced. He leans forward, extending his right arm and holding up his cloak up to his chest with his left hand. He has black hair and beard, and wears a white tunic and a long turquoise cloak with a pink lining and yellow fringe. On the viewer's right there is a tall pedestal veined in black to resemble marble, and decorated on the front in relief with a green swag above an arched panel enclosing a scene showing a small figure of Demosthenes standing on a rocky promontory addressing the waves, with two sailing ships in the distance, and overhead, a larger figure of Hermes\/Mercury holding a caduceus with a cloud below him."}],"exhibitions":[{"@link":{"catalogue":"C5","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"exhibition-1070","uid":"adlib-exhibition-1070","uuid":"2cb713dc-899f-35df-9c15-515a05f38d48"},"summary_title":"Plagiarism Personified? European Pottery and Porcelain Figures"}],"identifier":[{"accession_number":"C.900-1928","primary":true,"type":"accession number","value":"C.900-1928"},{"priref":"76326","type":"priref","value":"76326"},{"source":"Glaisher MS Catalogue, vol. 30","type":"old object number","value":"4727"},{"type":"uri","uri":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76326","value":"https:\/\/data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk\/id\/object\/76326"}],"inscription":[{"location":"on back of base","method":"impressed","transcription":[{"value":"E. WOOD"}],"type":"factory mark"}],"institutions":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"legal":{"credit_line":"Dr J.W.L. Glaisher Bequest"},"lifecycle":{"acquisition":[{"agents":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-152564","uid":"adlib-agent-152564","uuid":"c20df94d-f096-3e0b-a9b5-6ddd12161fb7"},"summary_title":"Glaisher, J. W. L., Dr"}],"date":[{"earliest":1928,"latest":1928,"value":"1928-12-07"}],"method":{"value":"bequeathed"},"note":[{"value":"Entry date: 1928-12-07"}]}],"creation":[{"date":[{"earliest":1784,"from":{"earliest":1784,"era":["CE"],"latest":1784,"precision":"circa","value":"1784"},"latest":1793,"note":[{"value":"Possibly made after 1793"}],"range":true,"to":{"earliest":1793,"era":["CE"],"latest":1793,"value":"1793"}}],"maker":[{"@link":{"role":[{"value":"potter"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-147015","uid":"adlib-agent-147015","uuid":"c374f1f8-3ba0-3184-b2be-000c1b62e0c7"},"summary_title":"Wood, Enoch"},{"@link":{"qualifier":"after","role":[{"value":"sculptor"}],"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-26209","uid":"adlib-agent-26209","uuid":"275fe03b-383a-3f79-b9e2-5cbd6508548e"},"summary_title":"Cheere, John"}],"note":[{"value":"The figure in relief on the pestal is Hermes\/Mercury, the messenger of the gods, who was associated with eloquence and reasoning, and therefore alludes to Demosthenes' oratorial skill."},{"value":"The mark E. WOOD suggests that the figure was probably made between 1783 when Enoch Wood (1739-1840) was potting on his own, probably at the Over House Works in Burslem, and 1793 when he opened a new factory at Fountain Place, and entered into a formal  partnership with James Caldwell which lasted until 1818.  However, it is possible that the mark E. WOOD continued to be used after the partnership was formed and the WOOD & CALDWELL mark was introduced. Wood's partnership with his cousin Ralph Wood in 1784 lasted for only a few weeks."},{"value":"When purchased by Dr Glaisher the figure was identified as St Paul preaching at Athens, and has also been described as 'Eloquence', but the model was after a plaster of Demosthenes by John Cheere (1709-87) of which there is an example 20 in high at Burton Constable, Yorkshire, where there is also a preliminary drawing by Cheere, and a life-size figure neither of which have the pedestal on the right of the figure (see Documentation, Hall, 1970). If not from Cheere, Wood might have obtained a plaster model from Charles Harris of the Strand (d. c. 1795) whose undated 'Catalogue of Statues, Bass Reliefs, Bustos, & c.' (V. & A., National Art Library 1.37.Y)  includes a figure of Demosthenes of the same size for 2 guineas, and figures of Prudence and Fortitude which might have been the models for Wood's figures of those subjects. A somewhat similar figure is shown representing 'Education' in George Bickham's 'The Universal Penman', London, 1743."}],"periods":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-106779","uid":"adlib-term-106779","uuid":"f0706fcd-d94c-3987-bcb5-f7f794332b6a"},"summary_title":"18th Century, Late"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107437","uid":"adlib-term-107437","uuid":"96f4b0d1-fc11-39ff-ae91-1b23d888d479"},"summary_title":"George III"}],"places":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-108171","uid":"adlib-term-108171","uuid":"c943fe08-bd72-32ab-823c-e1eeb56717b3"},"hierarchies":[[{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"England"}],"summary_title":"England","type":"country"}]],"summary_title":"Burslem"}]}]},"materials":[{"note":[{"value":"tinted slight blue"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107733","uid":"adlib-term-107733","uuid":"00160189-e3ce-3796-a88b-5aa8d6c808c4"},"summary_title":"lead-glaze"}},{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-42861","uid":"adlib-term-42861","uuid":"5b368285-f1a8-3dcf-a5b2-637fd3c3956c"},"summary_title":"earthenware"}}],"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","units":"cm","value":"48.2"}]},"multimedia":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-195460","uid":"adlib-media-195460","uuid":"279087e8-6a2a-3a6b-bab2-38665b1e2789"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa32\/c_900_1928_dc2.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":1024},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":873}]},"modified":1742597564924,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa32\/mid_c_900_1928_dc2.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":586},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742597564924,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa32\/c_900_1928_dc2.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":1024},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":873}]},"modified":1742597564924,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa32\/preview_c_900_1928_dc2.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":293},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742597564924,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"0","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"media-47440","uid":"adlib-media-47440","uuid":"f8495d24-6000-33af-9db3-7f70391d7463"},"processed":{"large":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa7\/C_900_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583602707,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"mid":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa7\/mid_C_900_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":649},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":500}]},"modified":1742583602707,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"original":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa7\/C_900_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":740},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":570}]},"modified":1742583602707,"resizable":true,"type":"image"},"preview":{"format":"jpeg","location":"aa\/aa7\/preview_C_900_1928_282_29.jpg","location_is_relative":true,"measurements":{"dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","units":"pixels","value":325},{"dimension":"width","units":"pixels","value":250}]},"modified":1742583602707,"resizable":true,"type":"image"}},"sort":"1","type":{"base":"media","type":"image"}}],"name":[{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}}],"note":[{"type":"history note","value":"Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 12 December 1918, Porcelain, decorative furniture and Eastern rugs, lot 37; purchased for 37 guineas by Mr Stoner who sold it on the same day for \u00a338 to Dr J.W.L. Glaisher, Trinity College, Cambridge"}],"owners":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"agent-149638","uid":"adlib-agent-149638","uuid":"7376d833-d0a7-3be0-916e-9c892b7a24d8"},"summary_title":"The Fitzwilliam Museum"}],"publications":[{"@link":{"notes":"Publ. Vol. l, p. 118, no. 900, vol. 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XVIb, a plaster signed 'Cheere fecit', which has the pedestal and its relief on the right (omitted from the larger version), and probably mid 19th century gilding on the figure","page":"34, 67","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6719","uid":"adlib-publication-6719","uuid":"421a1a67-7b1e-3841-9fb9-219faa946537"},"summary_title":"William Constable as Patron 1721-1791. An Exhibition of Paintings, Sculpture, Prints, Furniture Books and Scientific Instruments collected during the eghteenth century by William Constable, Esq. of Burton Constable, East Riding"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 57-8, and cf. pl. XXXVI, no. 121","page":"57-58","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-6364","uid":"adlib-publication-6364","uuid":"fe1f86b0-bf04-37e1-b2c4-ab59b763b611"},"summary_title":"The Wood Family of Burslem"},{"@link":{"notes":"Ref. pp. 159-61. The author discusses Enoch Wood's first enterprise, probably at the Over House Works, beginning in 1783; his very brief partnership with his cousin Ralph in 1784; and continuation of potting at the Over House Works until his new factory was completed at Fountain Place in1 793 when his formal partnership with James Caldwell was drawn up on 1 January 1793, and signed on 29 August.","page":"159-62","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-200003276","uid":"adlib-publication-200003276","uuid":"aa1a2957-9ed0-3c60-8822-c5af83c11947"},"summary_title":"The Enoch Wood Paper Archive: Part I. Some new information on Ralph Wood, Jean Voyez and Fidelle Duvivier and their roles in 18th century Burslem"},{"@link":{"notes":"Cf. p. 59, no. 310, and pl. 44","page":"59","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-1013","uid":"adlib-publication-1013","uuid":"e6774d16-9d42-373b-a20c-90a966447f48"},"summary_title":"Victoria and Albert Museum Department of Ceramics, Catalogue of English Porcelain, Earthenware, Enamels and Glass collected by Charles Schreiber Esq., M.P.,  and the Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Schreiber, and presented to the Museum in 1884, Volume I, Porcelain"},{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"publication-2789","uid":"adlib-publication-2789","uuid":"2a3de0a1-d4d4-36b0-9676-6aee72a4b65c"},"summary_title":"The Man at Hyde Park Corner, Sculpture by John Cheere 1709-1787"}],"school_or_style":[{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-10624","uid":"adlib-term-10624","uuid":"c882b99a-0b49-320e-8d8a-fd72a34d8848"},"summary_title":"Baroque"}],"subjects":[{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-80826","uid":"adlib-term-80826","uuid":"0aa155f8-d4d1-3df9-9bd8-a3b54c4d9618"},"summary_title":"ship"},{"@link":{"relation":"object name","type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-109657","uid":"adlib-term-109657","uuid":"c5a12cfd-2a98-3690-9164-a6102034f607"},"summary_title":"scroll"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"ship"}],"summary_title":"ship"},{"@link":{"type":"literal"},"name":[{"value":"scroll"}],"summary_title":"scroll"}],"summary":{"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-107454","uid":"adlib-term-107454","uuid":"6ca0f2ab-c1f8-329d-8a45-8f1322f53a20"},"summary_title":"figure"}},"summary_title":"figure","techniques":[{"description":[{"value":"earthenware, press-moulded in parts, covered with blue-tinted lead-glaze, and painted in blue, turquoise, pale yellow, flesh pink, pale pink, red, brown, grey, and black enamels"}],"note":[{"value":"in parts"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120085","uid":"adlib-term-120085","uuid":"68c62b7c-aaf4-38a5-a1be-4d6c615c0714"},"summary_title":"press-moulding"}},{"note":[{"value":"tinted slightly blue"}],"reference":{"@link":{"type":"reference"},"admin":{"id":"term-120062","uid":"adlib-term-120062","uuid":"d05176fb-17b8-3888-bba1-6c5e6c77d206"},"summary_title":"lead-glazing"}}],"title":[{"value":"Demosthenes (384-322 BC)"}],"type":{"base":"object","type":"OBJECT"}}}],"first_page_url":"?page=1","from":1,"last_page":7,"last_page_url":"?page=7","links":[{"url":null,"label":"« Previous","active":false},{"url":"?page=1","label":"1","active":true},{"url":"?page=2","label":"2","active":false},{"url":"?page=3","label":"3","active":false},{"url":"?page=4","label":"4","active":false},{"url":"?page=5","label":"5","active":false},{"url":"?page=6","label":"6","active":false},{"url":"?page=7","label":"7","active":false},{"url":"?page=2","label":"Next »","active":false}],"next_page_url":"?page=2","path":"","per_page":24,"prev_page_url":null,"to":24,"total":158}]