1592953370000 1312632483000 term-47460 1616541591421 1312632541000 1616290590955 adlib fitz-online adlib-term-47460 f2d1245b-9719-35e7-8228-f6b388defe5a 2 1 scope note Metal bosses applied to the center of shields, serving to protect the handgrip. From ancient times they served as a reinforcement and sometimes as an offensive device to be used at close quarters; after the early Medieval period they tended to serve purely as decorative elements. reference term-47459 adlib-term-47459 baa2a04d-a237-395a-9416-5e26d0abc6e3 umbo V.PJ.AFU.ALO.BIQ.ALO.BIQ.ALO 1 code V.PJ.AFU.ALO.BIQ.ALO.BIQ.ALO 1 umbos reference term-47457 adlib-term-47457 15db3a00-57de-38a0-a1df-963682badea6 <shield components> umbos term