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Mint:
London
Ruler:
Victoria (1837-1901)
Artist:
Wyon, William
Ruler:
Victoria regina
(With the title of)
Increasing competition from the USA and France for Chinese trade concessions, against a background of extreme Chinese reluctance to co-operate with British trading interests after the First Opium War, led Britain to demand new trading concessions of China in 1854 to secure its `most favoured nation' status. China rejected this demand, and resentment on the ground eventually came to a boil with the seizure by Chinese authorities of a Hong Kong steamer, the Arrow, which the British claimed as a breach of their rights. In retaliation British forces seized the fort of Guangzhou (Canton), with help from US naval vessels, but were driven out of the city when its people and soldiery ignored their governor's order not to resist. Reinforcements for the British were soon sent from India, although slowly because of the concurrent First War of Indian Independence (usually known as the Indian Mutiny).
Similar tensions and incidents led to France joining Britain in the war, and coalition forces once massed took Guangzhou in 1857, exiling the governor, Ye Mingshen, to India where he died of self-imposed starvation. An initial treaty was settled between France, Russia, the USA and Britain at Tientsin in 1858.
The Treaty of Tientsin had laid down that Britain and France should have access to, and ambassadors in, the closed city of Beijing. Attempts to make good on this in 1859 were however met with resistance from the forts at Taku, at the mouth of the Hai He River, which rendered the attempt impossible. The British and French governments therefore amassed a new coalition force that arrived in China in 1860, its first objective being the capture of the Taku Forts, which was achieved. The force then pressed on to Beijing, whence the Qing Emperor was driven in October 1860, and his Beijing palace burnt and looted. A treaty was reached soon afterwards which re-established a precarious peace, and British forces withdrew from Beijing to the coast. War was however to resume in 1900.
The bars on this medal indicate that its recipient, Private John Hepburn of the 99th Foot, fought at the 1857 capture of Guangzhou and the 1860 capture of the Taku Forts. The medal was purchased by Lester Watson at some point before 1928.
History note: Gift of L. Hoyt Watson; ex Lester Watson Collection, bt before 1928
Given by Lester Watson through Cambridge in America, 2009
Diameter: 36.1 mm
Weight: 43.51 g
Method of acquisition: Given (2009) by Watson, Lester
1861 - 1863
Inscription present: Bust of Victoria facing left
Inscription present: Collection of war trophies including a royal shield below palm tree
Accession number: CM.1170-2009
Primary reference Number: 141264
Watson Catalogue: 56
Ordering: M-0053
Previous object number: LW.0053
Stable URI
Owner or interested party:
The Fitzwilliam Museum
Associated department:
Coins and Medals
This record can be cited in the Harvard Bibliographic style using the text below:
The Fitzwilliam Museum (2024) "Second China War Medal" Web page available at: https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/141264 Accessed: 2024-11-22 02:21:45
To cite this record on Wikipedia you can use this code snippet:
{{cite web|url=https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/141264
|title=Second China War Medal
|author=The Fitzwilliam Museum|accessdate=2024-11-22 02:21:45|publisher=The
University of Cambridge}}
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https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/api/v1/objects/object-141264
To use this as a simple code embed, copy this string:
<div class="text-center">
<figure class="figure">
<img src="https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/imagestore/cm/cm15/LW_0053_281_29.jpg"
alt="Second China War Medal"
class="img-fluid" />
<figcaption class="figure-caption text-info">Second China War Medal</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
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